Grammar 语法 非谓语动词

Grammar Review 语法复习——非谓语动词

动词不定式（to do）的用法 ① 作宾语，放在动词后。 Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this winter vacation? 你决定今年寒假去香港旅行吗？ ② 作宾语补足语。 Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 ③ 作状语。 He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。

④ 作主语，用形式主语it代替，真正主语被后置。 It’s nice of you to take pictures for us. 非常感谢你为我们拍照片。 ⑤ 作定语，置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。 I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。 ⑥ 作表语，放于系动词be之后。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。/ 百闻不如一见。

Grammar Review 语法复习——非谓语动词 “疑问句+动词不定式”的用法 动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。如：When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语) 注意： “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：Can you tell me where to buy the scarf ? = Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf ? 你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗?

中考真题 【2016 广东】 Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was always expecting _____ an Oscar and finally he made it. to win B. will win C. not to win D. not winning A expect to do sth. “期望做某事” 【2016浙江】 Taiji is my favorite and I often play it ______ healthy. A. to keep B. keeps C. keeping D. kept A 用动词不定式来表示目的 【2016山东】 We have worked so long. Shall we stop ______ a rest? A. have B. to having C. having D. to have D stop to do sth. “停下正在做的事去做另一件事”

◆接动词不定式作宾语 want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事 wish/hope to do sth. 希望做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 prefer to do sth. 宁愿/更喜欢做某事 afford to do sth. 有能力做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 continue to do sth. 继续做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事

◆接动词不定式作宾语补足语 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 劝告某人做某事

省to的不定式 ◇常见既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语的有 1）常见的感官动词有： feel 感到, hear (hear sb. doing sth. / listen to) 听到， see (see sb. doing sth. )，watch，notice，look at 看到， 2）常见跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补的还有使役动词 let/ make/ have； 3）另外，help 后可带 to，也可省略 to, help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 注意： 这类动词在用于被动语态结构时, 不定式前需还原不定式 to。

动名词（v.­ing）的用法 ① 作宾语。 Have you finished translating the passage？ 你翻译完这篇文章了吗？ ② 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。 并列的动名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书与写作花了我不少时间。

③ 作表语。 His favorite sport is playing ping­pong. =Playing ping­pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。 ④ 作定语。 There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前侯车室里还有好多人。

Grammar Review 语法复习——非谓语动词 注意： 在英语中动词是不能作主语的，应用动名词或动词不定式作主语。表示泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作主语， 但表示具体的行为时，必须用动词不定式, 此结构通常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语——动词不定式通常放后面。 如：It's easy to read this book. 这本书容易读。

◆接动名词作宾语 spend time doing sth. 花费时间做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 finish doing sth. 做完某事 give up doing sth. 放弃正在做的事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 keep doing sth. 不间断地做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

◆既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语 forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事(未做) stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) begin/start doing sth. 开始正在做的事 begin/start to do sth. 开始去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 need doing sth. 某事需要被做(被动含义) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)

★非谓语动词作宾语或宾语补足语 ◇常见既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语的还有： need doing sth. 某事需要被做 (被动含义) need to do sth. 需要去做某事 (主动含义) go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事情 表示“看、听、见”的感官动词后既可接不带 to 的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。如： I heard the girl singing in the next room. 我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。 I always hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。

常见的句型及固定搭配 1）why not do 2）had better (not) do 3）in order to do 4）would like to do / feel like doing 5）find / think + it + adj. + to do 6）would you please do (not do) 7）it’s + adj. (for / of sb.) + to do 8）thank you for doing 9）adj. + enough + to do

10) used to do / be used to doing 11) doing sth. is … / to do sth. is … 12) spend … on sth. / (in) doing 13) it takes … to do 14) prefer doing to doing 15) prefer to do … rather than do 16) would rather do … than do 17) It’s time for (doing) … 18) It’s time to do …

练习题 【2016 河北】 Alice used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night. A. read; read B. reading; read C. read; reading D. reading; reading C used to do sth. “过去常常” be used to doing sth. “习惯做某事” 【2016山东】 The show was so funny that it made everyone ______ again and again. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh A make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”

【2016 湖北】Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours ______ there by bike. A. getting B. to get C. got D. get B it takes sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花某人多长时间” B 【2015广东】 We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave advise sb. (not) to do sth. “建议某人（不要）做某事” A 【2014广东】In order ____ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late in order (not) to do sth. “为了（不）做某事”

现在分词(v. +­ing)和过去分词(v.+­ed) 1.分词的句法功能 ① 作定语。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是所修饰的词。 Do you know the boy playing football? 你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？ 过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是所修饰的词。 Please hand in your written exercise. 请上交你的书面练习。 ② 作状语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。 The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 从小山上看， 我们的学校看起来更美丽了。

③ 作表语。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征。 The news is exciting．这个消息令人兴奋。 过去分词表示某种状态。 I’m interested in the book. 我对这本书感兴趣。 ④ 作宾语补主语。 现在分词与被修饰的宾语或主语是主动关系。 Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 别让我等很长时间。 过去分词与被修饰的宾语或主语是被动关系。 I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。

2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 （1）在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a moving film 一场感人的电影，the moved people 被感动的人们。 （2）在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 如：the developing country发展中国家，the developed country 发达国家。

练习题 1.【2016湖北】 When you are tired, ____ in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes A 动词在句中作主语用动名词形式 D 2. Sarah, you had better drink more water after ____ for such a long time. A. run B. runs C. to run D. running after + v.-ing 3. —I feel a bit hungry now. —Why not ____ for dinner with us? A. go B. did you go C. to go D. do you go A why not do sth. “为什么不……”

4. A poor little girl finally found the harp (竖琴)，and even though she did not know how ____ it, she decided to have a try. A. played B. to play C. playing D. to playing B how to do sth. “如何做……” 5. He often drinks two cups of water when he comes back. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils C “两杯开水”，过去分词作定语 B 6. It is kind you me with my English. for; to help B. of; to help C. for; help D. of; helping It is adj. of sb. to do sth.

中考链接 So be a good boy and don't get into trouble. And don't forget __________ good care of Grandma. 【2017·广州·语法选择题】 A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 【解析】C 考查动词不定式。forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做某 事，forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。此处指不要忘记去好 好照顾祖母，故选 C。

中考链接 2. She spent all day __________ on her chair by the window. 【2017·广州·语法选择题】 A. sitting B. sits C. sit D. sat 【解析】 A 考查动名词。此处是动词的固定搭配，spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，句意：她花了一整天时间坐在 窗边。故选 A。

中考链接 3. Sarah, you'd better drink more water after _______for such a long time. 【2015·广州】 A. run B. runs C. to runt D. running 【解析】 D 考查动名词。after 是介词，介词+doing, 故选 D。

过关检测 ( ) 1. We used to ________ in the evening, but now we are used to early in the morning. 【2017·新疆】 A. exercising; exercise B. exercise; exercise C. exercise; exercising D. exercised; exercise ( ) 2. The workers are busy ____ windows to the new building these days. 【2017·上海】 A. fix B. fixed C. fixing D. to fix ( ) 3. We only planned _______ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. 【2017·天津】 A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watched C C C

（五）过关检测 ( ) 4. As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _________ them up. 【2017·山东青岛】 A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D.cheered ( ) 5. The Mid-Autumn Festival means being together. On that day, we should come back _______with our family members. 【2017·吉林长春】 A. stayed B. stays C. stay D. to stay A D