厦大附中高三英语备课组 专题讲座系列 构词法

英语构词法主要有三种方法。 派生（Derivation） 合成（Compound） 转换（Conversion）

三种构词法: 1.派生(Derivation): 2.合成(Compounding): 3.转化(Conversion) 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy ( 加前缀) happy---- happiness ( 加后缀) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. wood( 木)+ cut( 刻)----woodcut( 木刻) 由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水

三个词语的含义： 词根： 词缀： 词类： 构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。 前缀；后缀 十大词类

派生法 派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。

（不) 前 缀 例 词 dis- disappear un- unknown in- indirect (常用在adj.后) im- 前 缀 例 词 dis- disappear un- unknown in- indirect (常用在adj.后) im- impossible(用在b,p,m 开头前) ir- irregular ab- abnormal il- illegal mis- misunderstand non- nonsmoker (否定) (不) （不) (不) （不） （不） (非) (误) (不,非)

前 缀 例 词 a-构成形容词,副词 asleep, alone,abroad over- oversleep inter- 前 缀 例 词 a-构成形容词,副词 asleep, alone,abroad over- oversleep inter- international re- recover en- enrich 过度 相互 再，又 使……

名 词 -er;- or;-ee ….. 者 -ess 女的 -ist 专业人员 -- ness 性质, 状态 后 缀 例 词 名 词 -er;- or;-ee ….. 者 employer,actor,employee -ess 女的 waitress, hotess -ese …. 地方的人 Chinese, Japanese -ian 精通…的人, …地方人 musician, Russian -ist 专业人员 pianist --ment 性质,状态；运动、结果 movement -- ness 性质, 状态 kindness --tion 表示动作,过程,结果 suggestion

动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…） 形容词后缀: - al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less 表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关 e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful 动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…） e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen

副词后缀: 数词后缀: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards - teen 十 fourteen -ty整十位数 forty -th序数词 fifth

Practice

4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). 一. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. 　 2. … (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. 　 3. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_________ (patience). 4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). appreciation Fortunately impatient rudely

7. These people have made great __________ 5. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. 6. …you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field. 7. These people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with their work. 8．The storm damaged several_________ (new) built buildings misunderstand entertainment contributions newly

9．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit) 9．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative 10…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match. beneficial exciting

Sum up: 给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis- /mis），名词（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able /-ed /-ing ) 给出名词→形容词（ 常考ce↔t，天气类常加-y，或者考-ful/-less等） 给出形容词→比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj / verb / sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness） 两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen) 注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。

skillful 二、语篇填空 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。 The Raconteurs (虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the band’s name. The word “raconteur” describes a person who is [1] ____________ (skill) at telling stories. The band members describe [2] ___________ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. All the band members have founded music careers by doing other projects. But they decided to come together as a band to try something [3]_______ (difference). skillful themselves different

The lead [4] _______ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar The lead [4] _______ (sing) of the Raconteurs may sound familiar. Jack White is also a member of the band [5] ________ (call) the White Stripes（白色条纹乐队）. The Raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist Brendan Benson. These [6] ___________ (music) had performed together over the years. But in 2005, they decided to play together [7] __________ (official) as the Raconteurs. singer called musicians officially

The Raconteurs [8] _______ (late) album is called “Consolers of the Lonely.” The band released the album in an [9] __________ (usually) way. They [10]__________ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家). latest unusual announced