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高考短文改错专题 张柱平
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高考短文改错专题 一. 对短文改错的要求 高考短文改错的目的在于测试考生判断发现, 纠正语篇中 语言使用错误的能力, 以及考察考生在语篇中综合运用英 语知识的能力. 二. 高考短文改错的命题特点 高考短文改错题的形式有说明文. 短文故事. 书信等, 具有很 强的实用性. 短文的内容和语言都符合高中学生的实际, 从 表面上看类似一篇学生习作. 一般从以下几个方面进行命 题 : 1. 在词法上, 主要考查 : 动词的时态. 语态. 非谓语动词及情态 动词的用法, 名词. 代词的数和格 ; 形容词和副词的比较级 ; 主 谓一致 ; 连词及其他关系词使用.
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2. 在句法上, 主要考察 : 简单句, 否定句, 疑问句, 倒装句, 省略句等. 3. 在行文逻辑上, 主要考察人物的性别及相应 的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词, 句义的并列, 转折, 递进, 因果等关系, 时间的 先后顺序等. 三. 近两年高考短文改错题涉及词类分布表, 表 格对比.
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项目项目 名词动词形容词 副词 代词介词冠词连词非谓语 动词 正确 ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ ０５０５ ０６０６ 全国全国 １１４１０２１２１１００１２１０１１ 山东山东 １１１３１１１１３２０１１０１０１０ 湖北湖北 １０３４０１１３００００２０２０１１ 安徽安徽 １０２３１１２２２１１０１１１００１ 江西江西 ０１１２３１１２１２００１１２０１１ 福建福建 １１１２３１１１０１１０１１１１１１ 重庆重庆 ０１２１０２１１３１１１２２０１１０ 广东广东 ００３０２２１１０１０１２３１１１１
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高考对短文改错的考察重点集中在动词, 形容词, 副词 和代词上, 其中包括固定搭配, 固定句型以及行文逻辑 的考察. 四. 短文改错的基本解题思路. 1. 以句为单位, 找行中错误. 每行中必有一个判断 ( 错 词, 多词, 少词和正确 ), 而判断的依据一定是上下文, 最小单位是一个完整的句子. 2. 以篇为单位, 找句中错误. 许多时候, 就某一行或某 一句单独而言, 常常难以判断其是否正确, 错误何在, 而必须以全篇为整体才可对该句, 进而对该行做出 判断. 3. 以词为中心, 注意语意逻辑, 短语搭配等. 五. 高考短文改错真题练习.
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2006 年 We had guests last night who have not stayed 76 ______ in a B&b hotel ago.They did not want breakfast 77 ______ because that they were going out early in the 78 ______ morning.They came back lately and had some 79 ______ tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80 _______ them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81 ______ on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82 _______ cupboard.He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83 _______ not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought, 84 _______ “What can I do? We are guests after all.” 85 _______ had before that late √ and ∧ in idea myself They
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五、短文改错考查点 题号考查点题号考查点 76 时态 81 一致 77 词义 82 句子结构 78 句子结构 83 名词的数 79 副词 84 代词 8085 逻辑一致
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短文该错的口诀： 短文该错要做好，常见类型应记牢。 名词爱考 “ 数 ” 与 “ 格 ” ，冠词在前： “ 错 ”“ 多 ”“ 少 ” 。 动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。 连，代，形，副错一样，多是故意来混淆。 介词多半考搭配，多，漏，误用想周到。 句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。
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2005 年 There are advantage for students to work while 76__ studying at school. One of them was that 77____ they can earn money. For the most part, 78____ students working to earn money for their own 79____ use. Earning their own money allow them 80____ to spend on anything as if they please. 81____ They would have to ask their parents for 82____ money or for permission to do things by 83_ the money. Some students may also to save 84____ up for our college or future use. 85____ advantages is √ work allows not with to their ∧ if
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2004( 全国卷 1) You can find all kinds information in just 76______ a few minute on the Internet. It’s like going to a 77______ huge library without have to walk around to find 78______ your books. Recently even though, many people 79______ have been discussing the dangers of the Internet. 80______ They have been reports in America about people 81______ trying to steal person information for bad purpose. 82______ Finding information on the net is easily. But not all 83______ information are good to society. For example, you 84______ can find such information like how to kill people. 85______ The problem will become more serious in the future. ∧ of minutes having even √ There personal easy is as
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备考建议： 1 ，牢固掌握语法知识，建立清晰的语法框架 2 ，书面表达和短文改错相结合 3 ，规范答题进行模拟限时训练 4 ，把握短文改错的命题规律和思路领会短文改错考查的 三个重点： 1 ，考查语法范围，但重点突出，决不超出高中生应 熟练掌握的语法范畴 2 ，错误的设置集中在英汉文化的差异点 3 ，考查语篇能力的试题逐步增多。 Homework: 高考教练短文改错专题 1——5 篇
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