中考语法.

Presentation on theme: "中考语法."— Presentation transcript:

1 中考语法

2 living in concord with neighboring states
Chapter 10 Subject-Verb Concord living in concord with neighboring states 与邻国和睦相处

3 Subject-Verb Concord 语法上的一致 原则 概念上的一致（意义） 就近上的一致

4 Subject-Verb Concord 语法上的一致 The boy plays football well.
The boys play football well.

5 Subject-Verb Concord 概念上的一致 My family are all early risers.
My family has moved into the new house.

6 Neither he nor they are wholly right.
Subject-Verb Concord 就近上的一致 Neither he nor they are wholly right. wholly = completely ?

7 有些名词形式上是复数的，但用作主语时，谓语多用单数，也可以用复数形式
单复数的主谓一致 P143-A-a 有些名词形式上是复数的，但用作主语时，谓语多用单数，也可以用复数形式 means 方式 tidings 消息 headquarters 总部

8 单复数的主谓一致 P143-A-a 有些名词形式上是复数的，但用作主语时，谓语多用单数，也可以用复数形式
The firm's headquarters is/are in London. 公司总部设在伦敦。

9 series P143-A-a 同一类事物 a series of + pl. 不同类事物

10 series P143-A-a A series of wet days _______ (spoils/spoil) our holiday. spoils There _____ (be) a series of strange objects in his suitcase. are 课本习题

11 学科名词 P143-A-b -ics结尾的学科名词 physics 物理 politics 政治学 statistics 统计学
acoustics 声学 /ə'ku:stiks/ tactics 战术 mathematics 数学

12 学科名词 P143-A-b -ics结尾的学科名词 指学科时，用单数；指普通名词时，多用复数。
Physics ____ (be) his major. is What ____ (be) the economics of the project? are 经济意义

13 学科名词 P144-A-b -ics结尾的学科名词 physics 物理 politics 政治活动、观点 s./pl. v. pl. v.
（戏院的） 音响效果 statistics 统计数字 acoustics pl. v. pl. v. tactic 策略、手法 mathematics 计算、运算 s./pl. v.

14 双双对对 P144-A-c 补充 双双对对的名词 trousers pants pyjamas shorts scissors
spectacles tongs tights compasses 眼镜 夹具 紧身裤 圆规

15 There is a pair of scissors on the table.
双双对对 P144-A-c 补充 一般情况下用谓语用复数。 Where are my scissors？ 但是，如果有量词 There is a pair of scissors on the table.

16 双双对对 P144-A-c 补充 补充：代词的指代情况
My trousers are over there and _____ are dirty. they If you find a pair of scissors in the drawer, pass _____ to me. them

17 请完成 P144 上部典型例题 3题

18 Chinese P144-B-a 联系上下文看所表达的意思。
That Japanese _____ (have) visited China twenty times. has Those Japanese _____ (be) visitors to our university. are

19 表示动物的词 P144-B-a 补充 a flock of birds 一群鸟 a pack of dogs 一群狗
a pride of lions 一群狮子 a herd of cattle 一群牛 一群鱼 a school of fish 太诡异了 >-<

20 A flock of birds is circling overhead.
表示动物的词 补充 表示动物的词的主谓一致 A flock of birds is circling overhead. 一群鸟在头顶上方翱翔。

21 请完成 P144 中部典型例题2题

22 集合名词 P144-B-b 当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。
The graduating class ___ (be) in the lab. is The audience ___ (be) rather small. is The team ___ (be) talking over some new plays. are

23 man, police P145-顶部 有些集合名词没有复数，谓语也用复数， 比如police，man
但事实上police就是复数，一般写成the police Police ________ (suspect) a local gang. suspect 警方怀疑当地的一个不良帮派。

24 专有名词和不可数名词的谓语一律用单数谓语。
专有名词与不可数名词 P145-B-c 专有名词和不可数名词的谓语一律用单数谓语。 格外注意 cake wood potato cakes 土豆饼 木头 【U】 树林 【C】 woods

25 the + 形容词 P146-5 补充 指人时，用复数；指抽象概念，用单数。
The rich ____ (get) richer and the poor ____ (get) poorer. get get The beautiful _____ (exist) in contrast with the ugly. exists

26 请完成 P 所有习题（不定代词之前）

27 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 12 each/every 不定代词 either/neither/none
all/some/more/most

28 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 1. 由any, some, no, every与body, one, thing构成的词 谓语用单数
Everybody _____ doing his best. is There _____ nothing you can do. is

29 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 2. 由each, each + 可数单数, each of + 复数 谓语用单数
Each ______ (arrive) on time. arrives Each boy____ (have) tried. has Each of the buildings ___ (be) painted different color. is The boys each _____(have) an apple. have every的情况类似，但它不是代词。

30 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 3. 由either, neither + 做主语或主语的一部分， 谓语用单数
Either ______ (be) acceptable. is Neither of us wants/want to do it. 都可以，但我们尽量用单数。

31 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 4. 由all, some, more, most做主语 指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。
指代可数名词，谓语用复数。 The most you can hope for ___ (be) five dollars. is Many people support the proposal, but more ____(be) against it. are

32 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 4. 由all, some, more, most做主语的一部分
all, some, more, most + 【U】，谓语用单数。 all, some, more, most + pl.，谓语用复数。 All hope ______ (have) gone. has All roads ______ (lead) to Rome. lead

33 不定代词的情况 P146-A 整理 4. 由all, some, more, most + of做主语 后加不可数名词或者单数，谓语用单数。
后加复数时，谓语用复数。 Some of the book ___ (be) good. is Most of the books on the shelf ___ (be) in English. are

34 all, some, more, most的情况 P146-A 整理 指代【C】 pl. 做主语 指代【U】 s. + pl. pl.
主语一部分 all +【U】 s. + pl. pl. + of的情况 +【U】/ sing. s.

35 不定代词的情况 P146-A 补充 5. any的情况和他们差不多，请推理后做题。
—— May fill this glass for you? —— Any ___ (be) good for me. is There ___ (be) scarcely any flowers in the garden. are

36 请完成 P146 下方典型例题

37 Many a _____ _____ been wrecked on those rocks.
限定词加名词做主语 P147-3 补充 “many a + 单数名词” 作主语 谓语用单数 Many a _____ _____ been wrecked on those rocks. ship has 许多船只毁于那些礁石上。

38 含有of的情况 P147-4 half of, all of, any of, a lot of, most of, … percent of, some of, five sevenths of 谓语单复数取决于后面的名词

39 含有of的情况 P147-4 试一试 Two fifths of the money ___ (be) mine. is
Two fifths of the students ___ (be) from the Chinese-speaking country. are

40 含有of的情况 P147-4 试一试 Much of that furniture ___ (be) uncomfortable. is
那些家具中的大部分都不舒服。 Little of the equipment ____ (be) standardized. was A number of students ____ absent. were

41 含有of的情况 P147-4 表示数量的one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.

42 含有of的情况 P147-4 补充 half的情况再啰嗦一句 指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。 指代可数名词，谓语用复数。
I broke the chocolate into halves, and here ___ (be) your half. is There are 24 students in our class, half ____ (have) been here. have

43 请完成 P147 典型例题

44 表示数量的词 P147 下部 a large quantity of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定。
但large quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Large quantities of food/books are on the table.

45 a / the majority (of), a / the minority (of)
majority/minority P148-4 a / the majority (of), a / the minority (of) 取决于后面的名词 m&m 当做集体名词

46 The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue.
majority/minority P148-4 The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue. A majority of votes was in its favor, to show its confidence in its policy.

47 rest P148-5 the rest (of) 取决于of后面的名词 rest 残留 所指代的对象 其余的

48 rest P148-5 The rest of the workers ____(have,has) been fired. have
The rest of the water _____(is,are) not enough for 3 of us. is The first question was difficult, but the rest _____ (be) pretty easy. were

49 请完成 P148 选择题

50 类似together的情况 P 148-6 主语带有 (together/along) with
谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致 as much as The teacher, as much as the parents, is to blame for the accidents. 老师和家长都对意外事故负有责任。

51 not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, or, there be
就近原则 P149-1) not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, or, there be 太简单了，我就不废话了。

52 有and的情况 P149-2-A 1. 表示身份的分类讨论
A teacher and novelist ___ going to make a speech in the hall. is The conductor and the composer _____ greeted by a crowd of people. were

53 有and的情况 P149-2-A 1. 表示身份的分类讨论 A/The + 单数名词 + and +单数名词 + 谓语单数
A/The + 单数名词 + and + a/the + 单数名词 + 谓语复数

54 有and的情况 P149-2-A 1. 表示身份的分类讨论
注意：当and连接两个抽象名词时，没有重复"the"或其它限定词时，谓语单复数都可以。反之，谓语要求复数动词。 Her calmness and confidence is/are astonishing. Her calmness and her confidence are astonishing.

55 Time and tide waits for no man.
P149-2-B 2. 关系密切，被看做一个整体，谓语用单数 Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不饶人。

56 有and的情况 P149-2-B 2. 关系密切，被看做一个整体，谓语用单数 law and order 法制 soap and water
肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试

57 He and I are good friends.
P149-2 补充 3. 单数 + 单数用复数 He and I are good friends. 他和我是好朋友。

58 Both whales and dolphins are mammals.
4. both…and用复数。 Both whales and dolphins are mammals.

59 有and的情况 P149-2 补充 5. 主语为“every/each + s. + and + (every/each) + s.”
谓语用单数 Every man, woman, and child ______ (need) love. needs Each book and each paper ___ (be) held in place. is

60 有and的情况 P149-2 补充 6. 主语为“adj. + and + adj. + 【U】/pl.”
并涉及到品种的时候或者类别的时候，谓语用复数。 Chinese and British beer ____ (be) served at the pub. are Clever and dull students ____ (be) treated alike. are

61 量词做主语 P150-1 补充 数词或者数词+复数数量名词作主语，谓语用单数。
Eight hours of sleep is enough. Five is an odd number. A hundred miles is quite a drive.

62 量词做主语 P98-2 数词或者数词+复数数量名词作主语，谓语用单数。
How time flies! Twenty years _____ passed since we got married. has

63 谓语用单数的情况 P150-1) 数词或者数词+复数数量名词作主语，谓语用单数。
100 years is only a short moment in history. 一百年在历史上只是短短的一瞬。 50,000 yuan is only a very small sum of money for treating leukemia./to treat leukemia. /lu:’ki:mɪə/ 五万元对于治疗白血病是杯水车薪。

64 其他情况 P150-2/3 补充 加法和乘法的谓语动词单复数皆可；而减法和除法的谓语动词一律用单数。
动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。

65 买衣服是一个费时的工作因为一个人喜欢的衣服很少能正好穿得上。
动名词、不定式、从句做主语 P150 动名词、不定式、主语从句做主语。 Buying clothes ____ (be) often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her. is 买衣服是一个费时的工作因为一个人喜欢的衣服很少能正好穿得上。

66 翻译：为了能更全面的理解形势，需要进行比目前更多的思考。
动名词、不定式、从句做主语 P150 动名词、不定式、主语从句做主语。 To understand the situation completely _______ (require) more thought than has been given thus far. requires thus far = so far ? 翻译：为了能更全面的理解形势，需要进行比目前更多的思考。

67 翻译：为了能更全面的理解形势，需要进行比目前更多的思考。
动名词、不定式、从句做主语 P150 动名词、不定式、主语从句做主语。 Playing football not only ________(make) us grow up tall and strong but also _______(give) us a sense of fair play and team spirit. makes gives 翻译：为了能更全面的理解形势，需要进行比目前更多的思考。

68 请完成 P 选择题

69 Bye-Bye Bye-Bye