Home.

Objectives Objectives In this unit, you will
— learn some basic facts about our earth; — enlarge your vocabulary for describing the earth and the environment; — know something about Earth Day; — study a list of different prepositions; — read and write slogans.

main Warm-up Listening and Speaking Text A Grammar Tips Text B
Comprehensive Exercises Practical Reading and Writing

Warm-up-Background Information
Discussion Earth Day Plans for the first Earth Day were announced in San Francisco at the UNESCO Conference on the Environment held in November Former US Senator Gaylord Nelson suggested that March 21, the first day of spring, be established as Earth Day for a nationwide teach-in on the environment. On April 22, 1970, an estimated 20 million people, 2,000 colleges and universities, 10,000 grammar and high schools and 1,000 communities took part in the first nationwide demonstrations on environmental problems in the USA,

Warm-up-Background Information
Discussion which marked the beginning of the world’s celebration of Earth Day. On the twentieth anniversary of that event, April 22, 1990, more than 200 million people in 141 countries participated in Earth Day celebrations. The activities were approved by the United Nations and since then April 22 of each year is celebrated as International Earth Day.

Background Information
Warm-up- Discussion Warm-up Background Information Discussion Question 1: Can you name the earth’s seven continents and five oceans and point them out on a map? Hints The seven continents are Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, Antarctica, Oceania. The five oceans are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Antarctic Ocean.

Background Information
Warm-up- Discussion Warm-up Background Information Discussion Question 2: Can you name the nine planets in the solar system and position them? Hints They are Mercury(水星), Venus(金星), Earth(地球), Mars(火星), Jupiter(木星), Saturn(土星), Uranus(天王星), Neptune(海王星), Pluto(冥王星) in the order of their closeness to the sun.

Listening Listening and Speaking I. Listening
A. Choose the best response to each sentence you hear. 1. A. Yes, all right. B. Class is over now. C. How time flies! D. Yes, let’s hurry.

Listening Listening and Speaking 2. A. What a pleasure.
B. I’m very pleased. C. It’s my pleasure. D. Pleased to meet you. 3. A. Yes, you may. B. No, please don’t. D. You’d better not. C. Peter Jones.

Listening Listening and Speaking 4. A. Three years ago.
C. Maybe in three years. D. No, only three years. B. For three years. 5. A. I’ve got no idea. B. I’ve been there. C. It’s very far from here. D. It’s very small, but nice.

Listening Listening and Speaking
B. Fill in the blanks of the following passage according to what you have just heard. To pollute means to make things unfit or unclean for use. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made fire, washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the (1) When land was used up or water became dirty, men moved on to another place. At first the problem was not so serious because there was (2) clean air, land and water, and there were fewer people. All the dirty things could be absorbed by ______ ground _______ plenty of

Listening Listening and Speaking
nature. But this is no longer (3) The growth of population and the development of industry have changed that. Nowadays, pollution is beginning to threaten our (4) and life. ____ true _____ health

Speaking Listening and Speaking II. Speaking
Discuss with your partner the following questions based on the information from the above passage you have just heard. 1. What does pollution mean according to the passage? Why has it become serious today? Hints Pollution means to make things unfit or unclean for use. It usually includes water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, sound pollution, light pollution, etc.

Speaking Listening and Speaking
2. Do you think China’s environment has become better or worse? Give examples to support your view. 3. Is there anything you think you can do to protect our environment? Hints Things to do to prevent pollution: (1) garbage recycling (2) waste water treatment (3) soil conservation (4) driving less (5) atmospheric monitoring

Text A Words and Expressions
Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building soil n. 土壤，土地 builder n. 建造者，施工人员 sailor n. 海员，水手 as far as 到…为止，远到；尽可能地 pilot n. 飞行员，领航员 view n. 视野；观点 include vt. 包括，包含 patch n. 小块，片

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building farmland n. 农田 astronaut n. 宇航员 speed vi. n. 迅速前进速度 outline n. 轮廓，外形 describe vt. 形容，描述 huge adj. 巨大的，极大的 be covered with 表面被…覆盖着 surround vt. 包围，围绕

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building mankind n. 人类 living adj. 活的，有生命的 firstly adv. 首先，第一 warmth n. 温暖 surface n. 表面，外表 layer n. 层 crust n. 地壳；外壳 form v. n. 形成，构成形状，形态；表格

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building liquid adj. n. 液体的液体 metal n. 金属 at the center of 在…的中央或中心 spin v. 旋转；吐丝 top n. 陀螺 movement n. 运动，动作 length n. 长度，时间的长短

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building motion n. 运动，动作 visible adj. 看得见的，显著的 disappear vi. 消失 call one’s attention to 唤起某人对…的关注 importance n. 重要性 protect vt. 保护

Text A-1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building The Earth The earth means many things to the people who live on it. To a farmer, the earth is rich soil. To a road builder, the earth means mountains of hard rock. For a sailor, the earth is water as far as the eye can see. A pilot’s view of the earth may include part of an ocean, a mountain, and patches of farmland. An astronaut speeding through space sees the earth’s round shape and the outline of land and oceans. Each of these different views helps describe the earth but none really tells what the earth is.

Text A-2 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air. It is one of the nine planets that travel around the sun. The earth is the home of mankind and many other living things. Animals and plants live almost everywhere on the earth’s surface. They can live on the earth firstly because it is just the right distance from the sun. Living things need the sun’s warmth and light for life. They also must have water to live. The earth has plenty of water that covers most of its surface.

Text A-3 Text A 3 A thin layer of rock called the crust forms the
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 3 A thin layer of rock called the crust forms the earth’s surface. Under the crust is hot liquid rock. A ball of hard metal lies at the center of the earth.

Text A-4 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 4 The earth is always moving. It spins like a top and travels around the sun at the same time. We use these two movements of the earth to measure the lengths of a day and a year. One day is the time it takes the earth to spin around once. One year is the time it takes the earth to travel once around the sun. The earth’s spinning motion makes the sun appear to move from east to west, and causes days and nights on the earth. As the earth moves around the sun, the night sky changes slowly. Some groups of stars are visible in the night sky, and other groups disappear into the day sky.

Text A-5 Text A 5 To call people’s attention to the importance of
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 5 To call people’s attention to the importance of protecting our mother earth, Earth Day was created in 1970. Since then, on every April 22, people all over the world show their love for their common home — the earth.

Text A- Comprehension1 Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building A. Choose the best answer according to the text. 1. To different people, the earth means ________. A. rich soil B. mountains of hard rock C. water as far as the eye can see D. different things

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 2. Animals and plants can live on the earth because ________. A. it is the right distance from the sun B. it has plenty of water C. the sun gives them warmth and light D. all of the above

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 3. ________ lies at the center of the earth. A. Metal B. Hard rock C. A ball of hard metal D. Hot liquid rock

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 4. Which statement is true about the earth’s movement? A. The earth spins and travels around the sun at the same time. B. One day is the time it takes the earth to travel around the sun once. C. One year is the time it takes the earth to spin around once. D. It is impossible to measure the earth’s movement.

Text A- Comprehension2 Text A 5. Earth Day is celebrated ________.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 5. Earth Day is celebrated ________. A. on the first day of summer B. only in the West C. since 1968 D. since 1970

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building B. Complete the following sentences orally with your partner. 1. How does a spaceman see the earth? He sees . 2. What is the shape of the earth and what is it covered with? The shape of the earth is and it is covered with __________________________________ _____________ the earth’s round shape and the outline of land and oceans _____ round ________________ water, rock and soil

Text A- Comprehension3 Text A 3. Where do animals and plants live?
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 3. Where do animals and plants live? They live . 4. How long are a day and a year? One day , and one year is 5. When was Earth Day named? It was named in ________________________________ ____ almost everywhere on the surface of the earth __________________________________ ____ is the time it takes the earth to spin around _______________________ ______________________ once the time it takes the earth to travel once around the sun 1970 ____

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building C. Make a dialogue with your partner according to the situation described below. S: Hi, everybody. I’m Susan Young. Tomorrow is Earth Day. We wonder how many people know about the day and how much they know about the planet we live on. Now I will interview some people in the street. (to Jerry) Hi, there. I’m Susan Young from Man and Nature. Can you give me a moment? J: All right. S: I have some questions to ask you. J: Go ahead.

Text A- Comprehension4 Text A S: First, can you tell us who you are?
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building S: First, can you tell us who you are? J: I am a student from S: Good. Have you ever heard of ? J: Yes, of course. S: Then do you know when the day is celebrated every year? J: Oh, on the day spring begins. Am I correct? S: Quite right. It is on So tomorrow is Earth Day. J: Oh, I almost forgot! S: The next question may be a little difficult. Do you know when it was first named? And who proposed the idea? ________ XXXXXX ________ Earth Day _______ April 22

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building J: Perhaps in ? I’m not sure. I’ve read it somewhere. But I can’t remember it clearly now. Sorry, I can’t answer the other question. S: You are right about the year when it was named. As for the other question, OK, let me tell you: Gaylord Nelson, an American, proposed the naming of such a day and his suggestion was later accepted by the United Nations. My next question is: why can animals and plants live on the earth? 1970 ____

Text A- Comprehension4 Text A J: They can live on it first because
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building J: They can live on it first because . Living things need the sun’s warmth and light for life. They also must have enough water to live. . S: The last question: what lies at the center of the earth? J: S: Very good. I think you know a lot about our mother earth. Thank you for your time. J: You are welcome. I’m glad to have taken part in your program S: Thank you again! Goodbye! J: Bye! __________________ ______________ it is just the right distance from the sun ___________________________ _____________________ The earth has plenty of water that covers most of its surface _______________________________________ A ball of hard metal lies at the center of the earth ____________________________ And I like your program very much

Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Active Words tell v. (1) 告诉，讲述 I told him my name. (2) 吩咐，命令 You must do what you’re told. (3) 辨别，认出 I really can’t tell the difference.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building tell tell from 辨别，分辨 How can we tell the good from the bad? to tell the truth 说实话 To tell the truth, I’m not very interested in the show.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building move n. 动，动作，移动 She held the gun to his head and said, “One move and you’re dead!” v. (1) 动，走动，移动 Don’t move, or I’ll shoot. Who has moved my bed?

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building move (2) 搬家，迁移 We’re going to move next week. (3) 使(人)感动 The film moved me to tears. move away 离开 Fight when we can win; move away when we can’t.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building move move on 继续移动，朝前走；开始新的变动 I think we’ve talked enough about that; let’s move on. I’d done the same job for years and felt it was time to move on.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building lie n. 谎言 Why do you tell a lie? vi. (1) 躺，平放 He was lying in the shade of the tree. (2) 位于 The factory lies to the west of the town. (3) 说谎 I’m sorry I had to lie to you at the moment..

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building lie lie down 躺下 Let’s lie down for a rest.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building use n. (1) 用处，用途 What use does this tool have? vt. (1) 用，使用，应用 How do you use a cellphone? (2) 耗费，消费 All the paper has been used up.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building use make use of 使用，利用 He made good use of his spare time to learn English. use up 用完 By that time he had used up all his savings.

Text A- Vocabulary BuildingC1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Fill in each blank with “tell”, “move”, “lie” or “use” in the word’s proper form. 1. The Jinggang Mountain on the border of Jiangxi and Hunan. 2. Jerry is good at jokes. 3. They have to another street. 4. There is no (in) discussing the problem. 5. Can you the twins apart? ___ lies _____ telling ______ moved ___ use ___ tell

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 6. When I entered, he was on the bed with all his clothes on. 7. The word Mr. is before the names of men. 8. She said that she was deeply by all the letters of sympathy she had received. ____ lying ____ used ______ moved moved

Text A- Vocabulary BuildingB1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Exercises A. Match each word with their proper Chinese meaning. mankind 轮廓，外形 outline 包围，围绕 living 巨大的，极大的 sailor 海员，水手 length 活的，有生命的 surround 人类 soil 温暖 warmth 土壤，土地 pilot 长度，时间的长短 huge 飞行员，领航员

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building B. Fill in each blank with a given word or expression in their right form. form include at the center of call (one’s) attention to protect as far as surface measure 1. I’ll help you I can. 2. He had a large number of funny stories in the speech. 3. These greenbelts 500,000 acres of farmland against moving sands. _______ as far as _______ included ____________________________ protected / protect / have protected

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building form include at the center of call (one’s) attention to protect as far as surface measure 4. The TV program is shown to water pollution in China. 5. A soft wind caused ripples on the of the lake. 6. The children a circle around her. 7. My mother me for a new dress. 8. The park lies the city. ____________________ call people’s attention to ______ surface _________________ formed / have formed _________________________________ measured / has measured / is measuring ____________ at the center of

Text A- Vocabulary Building D
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Words about the Earth and Environment English Terms Chinese Terms air / water / soil / noise pollution 空气 / 水 /土壤 / 噪音污染 continent 大陆，陆地 dust storm 尘暴 earthquake 地震 endangered species 濒危物种 flood 洪水 global warming 全球变暖

Text A- Vocabulary Building D
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building English Terms Chinese Terms greenbelt 绿化带，绿色地带 greenhouse effect 温室效应 hurricane 飓风 rain forest 热带雨林 nature reserve 自然保护区 wildlife 野生动植物 wetland 湿地

Text A-T1 Text A 地球地球对于地球上的居民来说，意味着许多事物。对于农民来说，地球是肥沃的土壤；对于修路工人来
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 地球地球对于地球上的居民来说，意味着许多事物。对于农民来说，地球是肥沃的土壤；对于修路工人来说，地球是由坚硬石块构成的山峰；对于水手来说，地球是一望无际的水域；在飞行员眼中，地球可能会包括部分海洋、山峰和成片农田；在太空高速行进的宇航员看到的地球是圆形的球体，还有海洋和陆地的轮廓。他们关于地球的不同看法都有助于对地球进行描述，但都没有真正揭示地球究竟是什么。

Text A-T2 Text A 地球是一个被水、岩石和土壤所覆盖的、为大气所包围的巨大的球状物，是围绕太阳运行的九大行星
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 地球是一个被水、岩石和土壤所覆盖的、为大气所包围的巨大的球状物，是围绕太阳运行的九大行星之一。地球是人类和其他许多生物的家园。动物和植物生活在地球表面的几乎任何地方，它们能在地球上生存首先是因为地球与太阳之间距离适度。生物需要太阳的光和热来维持生命，也需要水，地球表面大部分都为水所覆盖。

Text A-T3 Text A 地球的表面由薄薄的一层岩石构成，称为地壳。地壳下面是炽热的岩浆，而地球的中央是一团球状的坚硬金属。
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 地球的表面由薄薄的一层岩石构成，称为地壳。地壳下面是炽热的岩浆，而地球的中央是一团球状的坚硬金属。

Text A-T4 Text A 地球处于不断的运动中，它像个陀螺一样不停地旋转，同时也绕着太阳转动。一天和一年的长度就是
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 地球处于不断的运动中，它像个陀螺一样不停地旋转，同时也绕着太阳转动。一天和一年的长度就是通过这两种转动来衡量的。地球自转一周的时间是一天，而地球绕太阳公转一周的时间就是一年。地球的自转让太阳呈现出东升西落的状态，制造了地球上的白天与黑夜；而地球围绕太阳的公转让夜空慢慢呈现出变化，有些星群会在夜晚的天空清晰可见，有些星群则消失在白天的天空。

Text A-T5 Text A 为了让更多人关注保护我们的地球母亲的重要性，人们在1970年设立了地球日。从那时起，每年
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 为了让更多人关注保护我们的地球母亲的重要性，人们在1970年设立了地球日。从那时起，每年的4月22日，全世界人民都会表达他们对共同的家园——地球——的热爱。

Text A- move Text A soil n. 土壤，土地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building soil n. 土壤，土地 We have the most fertile soil in Europe. 我们有欧洲最肥沃的土地。 It is an area of sandy soil. 这是沙质土区。

Text A- move Text A builder n. 建造者，施工人员 build vt. 建造
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building builder n. 建造者，施工人员 build vt. 建造 Note: “-er” is a suffix attached to a verb or a noun to refer to someone or something that performs certain acts. More examples: dance — dancer, football — footballer

Text A- error Text A sailor n. 海员，水手 sail v. 航行，驾船
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building sailor n. 海员，水手 sail v. 航行，驾船 We sailed down the Thames. 我们乘船向泰晤士河下游驶去。 She sailed the boat with difficulty in the storm. 她在暴风雨中艰难地驾船航行。 Note: “-or” is another suffix attached to a verb to refer to someone or something that performs an act. More examples: act — actor, invent — inventor

Text A- throw away Text A as far as 到…为止，远到；尽可能地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building as far as 到…为止，远到；尽可能地 As far as I know, they have moved to another city. 据我所知，他们搬去另外一个城市了。 I will help you as far as I can. 我会尽力地帮助你。

Text A- throw away Text A pilot n. 飞行员，领航员
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building pilot n. 飞行员，领航员 She wants to be a pilot in the future. 她将来想当一名飞行员。 v. 驾驶，领航 He can pilot the plane. 他会开飞机。

Text A- throw away Text A view n. 视野；观点
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building view n. 视野；观点 She didn’t leave until the train went out of view. 她等火车走得不见影了才离开。 The house provides a good view of the sea. 从这座房子可以欣赏到美丽的海景。 What is your view on this matter? 你对这件事有什么看法？

Text A- throw away Text A in view of 鉴于，考虑到
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building in view of 鉴于，考虑到 In view of the high cost, I finally decided not to spend the vacation abroad. 考虑到花费太大，我最终决定不去国外度假了。 with a view to 为了，目的在于 He left school and began to work with a view to helping support his family. 他离开学校开始工作，以帮助养家。

Text A- throw away Text A include vt. 包括，包含
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building include vt. 包括，包含 He included many funny stories in the speech. 他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。 The price of the book includes postage. 书价包括邮费。 Synonym: contain Antonym: exclude

Text A- throw away Text A patch n. 小块，片
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building patch n. 小块，片 There was a small patch of blue in the grey clouds. 灰色的云团中透出一小片蓝天。 We stopped by a patch of land covered in forest. 我们在一小块林地处停下。 He tried to fix the flat tire by putting a patch on it. 他试图给漏气的轮胎打个补丁。

Text A- throw away Text A farmland n. 农田
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building farmland n. 农田 This is a compound noun consisting of “farm” and “land”, and its meaning is the combination of the two words in it. In the text we have more compounds of this kind, such as “mankind”. Let the students guess their meanings.

Text A- throw away Text A astronaut n. 宇航员
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building astronaut n. 宇航员 My son’s dream is to be an astronaut. 我儿子的理想是当宇航员。

Text A- throw away Text A speed vi. 迅速前进
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building speed vi. 迅速前进 The car sped up and left a swirl of dust. 汽车加速，绝尘而去。 We have to speed up, or we can’t finish today’s work plan. 我们必须加快了，不然就没法完成今天的工作计划了。 n. 速度 Each learner has to make progress at his own speed. 每个学习者都要以自己的进度学习。

Text A- throw away Text A I am amazed at his speed of working.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I am amazed at his speed of working. 他工作的速度让我叹服。 speed limit 限速 speed control 速度控制 at a speed of 以…的速度

Text A- throw away Text A outline n. 轮廓，外形
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building outline n. 轮廓，外形 He drew the outline of a house on the paper. 他把房子的轮廓画在纸上。 The teacher asked the student to outline his speech. 老师要学生给发言拟个提纲。 give an outline of 概要说明；描绘…的轮廓 The author gave an outline of his life in the village in his speech. 作者在发言中简单描述了他的乡村生活。

Text A- throw away Text A in outline 只画轮廓(地)；概括地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building in outline 只画轮廓(地)；概括地 You only need to tell the story in outline. 你只要概括地描述一下故事内容就行。 make an outline of 为…拟出提纲 Please make an outline of your ideas; it will help organize your essay in a clear way. 写文章先拟个提纲，这样可以帮助你理清思路。

Text A- throw away Text A describe vt. 形容，描述
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building describe vt. 形容，描述 He described what he had seen and heard. 他描述了他的所见所闻。 She described the accident very carefully. 她非常仔细地描述了事故。 describe … as 把…称作，把…说成 There are few people who may be described as geniuses. 很少有人能称得上天才。

Text A- throw away Text A She described herself as “ordinary”.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building She described herself as “ordinary”. 她自称“很平凡”。

Text A- throw away Text A huge adj. 巨大的，极大的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building huge adj. 巨大的，极大的 The singer’s new album was a huge success. 那个歌手的新专辑非常成功。 There is a huge market for domestic workers. 家政服务业的市场空间很大。

Text A- throw away Text A be covered with 表面被…覆盖着
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building be covered with 表面被…覆盖着 The roads are covered with fallen leaves. 路上覆盖着落叶。 The Christmas tree is covered with various decorations. 圣诞树上满是装饰物。

Text A- throw away Text A surround vt. 包围，围绕
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building surround vt. 包围，围绕 The city is surrounded by a mountain range. 这座城市为群山所环绕。 A crowd of fans surrounded the singer to get his autograph. 一大堆歌迷围着那位歌手要签名。

Text A- throw away Text A surroundings n. 围绕物，环境 social surroundings
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building surroundings n. 围绕物，环境 social surroundings 社会环境 surrounding adj. 周围的 the surrounding area 周围地区

Text A- throw away Text A mankind n. 人类
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building mankind n. 人类 Music is the universal language of mankind. 音乐是全人类的共同语言。 Cancer is the enemy of mankind. 癌症是人类的敌人。

Text A- throw away Text A living adj. 活的，有生命的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building living adj. 活的，有生命的 The living are more important to us than the dead. 对我们来说在世的人比去世的人更重要。 He made a living as a taxi driver. 他开出租车为生。 The living standards of Chinese people have improved greatly during the last ten years. 近十年来中国人民的生活水平有了很大的提高。

Text A- throw away Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building living vs. alive: 两者都可作形容词，意为“活的，活着的”，但living可作定语和表语，alive只作表语。例如： one of the greatest living writers He is still living. He is still alive.

Text A- throw away Text A firstly adv. 首先，第一
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building firstly adv. 首先，第一 Firstly I want to say you are wrong, and then let me give my reasons. 首先我要说你错了，接下来我解释为什么。 There are two reasons why I don’t like her. Firstly, she is not honest; secondly, she is selfish. 我不喜欢她有两个原因：第一，她不诚实；第二，她自私。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building first vs. firstly:两个词都可作副词，上面例句中firstly可以替换为first，但first还能用作形容词和名词。例如： Spring is the first season of the year. She is the first to arrive.

Text A- throw away Text A warmth n. 温暖
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building warmth n. 温暖 They sat close to the fire for warmth. 他们靠近火坐着取暖。 Good wishes from my friends always give me a feeling of warmth. 朋友的祝福总让我觉得温暖。 warm adj. 温暖的；热情的 I have had a warm bath. 我洗了个热水澡。

Text A- throw away Text A They gave her a warm welcome. 他们热情地欢迎她。
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building They gave her a warm welcome. 他们热情地欢迎她。 v. 使暖和，变得暖和 They lit a fire to warm themselves. 他们点起火取暖。

Text A- throw away Text A surface n. 表面，外表
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building surface n. 表面，外表 The road surface has started breaking up. 路面开始破裂。 Glass has a smooth surface. 玻璃有光滑的表面。 Miners are working below the surface of the earth. 矿工在地表下工作。

Text A- throw away Text A layer n. 层
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building layer n. 层 This cake has a layer of chocolate in the middle. 这蛋糕中间有一层巧克力。 There is a layer of dust on the table. 桌上蒙着一层灰尘。

Text A- throw away Text A crust n. 地壳；外壳
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building crust n. 地壳；外壳 The earthquakes leave scars in the earth’s crust. 地震在地壳上留下裂痕。

Text A- throw away Text A form v. 形成，构成
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building form v. 形成，构成 A plan began to form in his mind. 一个计划开始在他脑子里形成。 School education helps to form a child’s character. 学校教育有助于小孩的性格养成。 n. 形状，形态；表格 Churches are usually built in the form of a cross. 教堂通常都会建成十字架的形状。

Text A- throw away Text A Please fill in the registration form.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Please fill in the registration form. 请填写一下申请表。 Synonym: shape

Text A- throw away Text A liquid adj. 液体的 liquid soap 液体皂 n. 液体
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building liquid adj. 液体的 liquid soap 液体皂 n. 液体 liquid wax 液体蜡 Synonym: fluid Antonym: solid

Text A- throw away Text A metal n. 金属 metal-free adj. 不含金属的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building metal n. 金属 metal-free adj. 不含金属的 a metal ring 金属环 metallic adj. 金属的；含金属的

Text A- throw away Text A at the center of 在…的中央或中心
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building at the center of 在…的中央或中心 Don’t stand at the center of the road. It is too dangerous. 不要站在路中央，太危险了。 At the center of the card was a line of words, “Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!” 卡片中央写着一行字，“圣诞、新年快乐！”

Text A- throw away Text A spin (spun, spun) v. 旋转；吐丝
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building spin (spun, spun) v. 旋转；吐丝 The wheels are spinning at a high speed. 轮子高速旋转着。 I have drunk too much and my head is spinning. (喻)我喝多了酒，头都晕了。

Text A- throw away Text A The machine spins the wool into thread.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building The machine spins the wool into thread. 机器把羊毛纺成线。 The spider spins a web to catch its food. 蜘蛛织网捕食。

Text A- throw away Text A top n. 陀螺；顶端；盖子 Boys love spinning tops.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building top n. 陀螺；顶端；盖子 Boys love spinning tops. 男生喜欢玩陀螺。 I waited at the top of the stairs. 我在楼梯顶端等着。 Remove the top of the bottle and then you can drink the water in it. 取下瓶盖，你就能喝到里面的水了。

Text A- throw away Text A movement n. 运动，动作
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building movement n. 运动，动作 The May 4th Movement was a great event in Chinese history. 五四运动是中国历史上一件大事。 move v. (使)移动；使感动 I don’t know why, but I cannot move my arm. 不知怎么回事，我的胳膊动不了了。

Text A- throw away Text A We plan to move to the new house next week.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building We plan to move to the new house next week. 我们打算下周搬入新家。 I was moved to tears by his heroic deeds. 我被他的英勇事迹感动得流泪了。

Text A- throw away Text A length n. 长度，时间的长短
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building length n. 长度，时间的长短 The street is 100 meters in length. 这条街长百米。 long adj. 长的 Note: “-th” is a suffix attached to an adjective to form a noun. More examples: strong — strength, wide — width, warm — warmth

Text A- throw away Text A at length 最后；详尽地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building at length 最后；详尽地 At length we arrived at our destination. 我们终于到达了目的地。 She told me at length what happened to her during her travels. 她详细地向我讲述了她的旅行经历。

Text A- throw away Text A call one’s attention to 长度，时间的长短
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building call one’s attention to 长度，时间的长短 The teacher called the students’ attention to the spelling of the word. 老师提醒同学们注意那个词的拼写。 The speaker paused a moment to call the audience’s attention to the following point. 讲话者停顿了一下以让大家关注下面的内容。

Text A- throw away Text A motion n. 运动，动作 Watch my motion carefully.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building motion n. 运动，动作 Watch my motion carefully. 仔细看我的动作。 He drew and fired in a smooth motion. 他快速拔枪、射击。 vi. & vt. 运动，做手势 I motioned him to join us. 我示意他加入到我们这边。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building He stood aside and motioned Jack to the door. 他站到一边，示意杰克到门口去。

Text A- throw away Text A visible adj. 看得见的，显著的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building visible adj. 看得见的，显著的 There is a visible flaw in the golden bowl. 金碗上有一处明显的瑕疵。 He was making a visible effort to control himself. 他明显是在努力控制自己的情绪。 The most visible sign of economic depression is unemployment. 经济萧条最显著的迹象就是失业。 Antonym: invisible

Text A- throw away Text A disappear vi. 消失
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building disappear vi. 消失 Sam disappeared into the room by himself. 山姆独自一人进了屋。 The black car drove away from them and disappeared. 那辆黑色轿车驶离了他们的视线。

Text A- throw away Text A importance n. 重要性
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building importance n. 重要性 This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。 The importance of doing physical exercise is that it helps us to keep healthy. 体育锻炼的重要性在于能使我们保持身体健康。

Text A- throw away Text A attach (great) importance to sth. 认为某事物重要
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building attach (great) importance to sth. 认为某事物重要 She attached great importance to the interview and asked many people for advice on how to dress and how to behave. 她非常重视那次面试，问了很多人关于着装、举止方面的建议。 important adj. 重要性

Text A- throw away Text A protect vt. 保护
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building protect vt. 保护 Sunglasses protect our eyes from sunshine. 太阳镜保护我们的眼睛不受阳光的伤害。 The defenses are built to protect the country against attack. 建造防御工事，以防国家受到攻击。 protection n. 保护 protective adj. 保护的，防护的

Text A- throw away Text A protective measures 防护措施
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building protective measures 防护措施

Text A- It threw away Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air. (Para. 2): The italicized parts in the sentence are two past participle phrases used as postpositive attributives. In addition to past participle phrases, present participle phrases can also be used as postpositive attributives, and the difference between them is that the past participle phrase indicates a passive sense while the present participle phrase indicates an active sense. For example:

Text A- A group called Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building The man following our English teacher into the office is my father. 跟着我们英语老师进办公室的那个人是我父亲。 The man who / that followed our English teacher into the office is my father. = The teacher followed by the man into the office teaches us English. 被一个人跟着进了办公室的那个老师教我们英语。 The teacher who / that was followed by the man into the office teaches us English. =

Text A- It threw away Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building One day is the time it takes the earth to spin around once. One year is the time it takes the earth to travel once around the sun. (Para. 4): A day lasts as long as the time for the earth to turn around once and a year lasts as long as the time for the earth to circle around the sun once. Both sentences use the structure: It takes sth. / sb.…(time / money, etc.) to do sth. 花费某人或某物…(时间/ 金钱，等等)做某事

Text A- A group called Text A More examples:
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building More examples: It takes Bus No. 2 two hours to finish a round-trip of its service. 2路公共汽车需要两个小时走完服务路线的一个来回。 It takes him twenty years to complete the book. 他花了20年完成那本书。

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 介词（Prepositions）
Focus on Grammar Exercises 介词（Prepositions） (1) The earth means many things to the people who live on it. (2) The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air. (3) A ball of hard metal lies at the center of the earth. (4) It spins like a top and travels around the sun at the same time. (5) On that day, people all over the world show their love for their common home — the earth.

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 一、表示时间的介词
Focus on Grammar Exercises 一、表示时间的介词 1. at, in与on：三者都可以表示“在…时间 / 时候”。 at表示在某个时间点； in表示在一个较长的时间段中；而on表示在特定的某一天或某一天的早晨、中午或晚上。如： at six o’clock / at dinner in the morning / in two weeks on Monday / on the morning of May 5th

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips
Focus on Grammar Exercises 2. after与in：after后跟表示时间点的词，表示具体的某个时间点、段或事件后，常用于过去时，也可用于将来时； in后跟表示一段时间的词，也可用于将来时或过去时，用于将来时表示“在…之后”，用于过去时常表示“在…以内”。如： (1) A new film will be put on after May 1st. (2) A new film will be put on in a few weeks. (3) She didn’t drive her car after the accident. (4) She had two car accidents in one week.

Focus on Grammar Exercises 3. before与behind：before表示在某个时间点之前，behind表示“迟于，落后于”。如： (1) I will let you know my decision before the weekend. (2) The train arrived behind the usual time. 4. since与for：since后面接某一时间点，表示从过去的某一时间点延续到现在或过去，通常与完成时态连用； for后跟一段时间，表示在一段时间内某个动作的延续，可用于过去时或完成时态，用于完成时态时要求用延续性动词作谓语。如：

Focus on Grammar Exercises (1) I stayed in the countryside for two years. (2) He has been away from home for ten years. (错误：He has left home for ten years.) (3) The city has changed greatly since 1990.

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 二、表示地点和位置的介词 1. at与in：两个介词都表示“在…地方”。
Focus on Grammar Exercises 二、表示地点和位置的介词 1. at与in：两个介词都表示“在…地方”。 at表示较小的地方， in表示较大的地方。如： at the bus stop／in a big city 2. above, on与over：三个介词意思都是“在…的上方”。on是在相接触的事物上方， over是垂直的上方， above既不表示相互接触，也不表示上下垂直，仅表示 “在…上方”。如：

Focus on Grammar Exercises (1) I put the book on the desk. (书与课桌是相接触的。) (2) His office is over mine. (在正上方。) (3) The plane is flying above our head. (在上面的天空中。) 3. below, underneath, under与beneath：这四个词都可以表示“在…下方”。 underneath是on的反义词，表示相接触的下方； under是over的反义词，表示垂直的下方； below是above的反义词，既不表示相互接触，也不表示垂直关系，就是“在…的下方”；

Focus on Grammar Exercises 而beneath既可以指垂直的上下关系和不垂直的上下关系，也可以表示上下接触的关系，可同below, underneath与under三词换用。如： (1) She was standing under / beneath the tree. (垂直关系) (2) There is a note underneath / beneath the book. (上下接触) (3) They live below / beneath us. (非垂直关系)

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 4. in与into：in意为“在…内”，表示一种静止状态或一定
Focus on Grammar Exercises 4. in与into：in意为“在…内”，表示一种静止状态或一定范围内的动作； into意为 “进入到…里面”，表示由外向内的动作。如： (1) There is a car in the garage. (2) I saw her walk into the house. 5. along, across与through：along意为“沿着…”； across意为“穿过…”，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的； through则是从物体里面穿过。如： (1) He walked along the river. (沿着河走。)

Focus on Grammar Exercises (2) The river was frozen, so they could go across the ice. (从河面上经过。) (3) The burglar went into the house through the window. (从窗口进入。) 6. from与off：两者都可以表示“离…，与…分离”的意思，在某些情况下可以换用，如： The cinema is two blocks from / off my office. 但from更强调并非粘连在一起的两个物体分开，而off多用于两个相互粘连的物体分开。如： (1) The cover has come off the book. (不用from) (2) He took the book away from his brother. (不用off)

Focus on Grammar Exercises 7. up与down：up表示“由下而上，从乡下到城市，从南方到北方”等；而down表示“由上而下，从城市到乡下，从北方到南方”等。不表示具体方向时，up与down可换用。如： (1) She swam up the river. (逆流而上) (2) She swam down the river. (顺流而下) (3) They have gone down to the country. (从城市到乡村) (4) The old couple walked up / down the road. (沿着)

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 三、表示原因或理由的介词
Focus on Grammar Exercises 三、表示原因或理由的介词 1. for, with与at：三个介词都可表示因果关系。 for可表示某种内在的、心理上的原因，或引起某个举动的具体原因； with指受到影响的原因，可以是生理上的，也可以是心理上的； at常同表示喜、怒、吃惊等的词连用，表示感情、感觉上的原因或理由。如： (1) He trembled for / with fear. (2) We were glad at the good news. (3) The man was shivering with cold.

Focus on Grammar Exercises due to, because of, on account of与thanks to：都表示原因，通常用作原因状语。 due to也可用作表语； thanks to意为“幸亏，多亏”，只作状语，不作表语。如： (1) The accident was due to his carelessness. (2) We delayed our trip due to / because of / on account of the bad weather. (3) Thanks to your help, I can finish my work on time.

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 四、表示方式方法的介词
Focus on Grammar Exercises 四、表示方式方法的介词表示方式方法的介词主要有by, with, through三个。 by相当于by means of，表示方式方法，意为“凭、靠、以”； with表示所使用的工具或手段； through也表示方式方法，可与by换用。如： (1) Don’t judge a man by / through his appearance. (2) The boy broke the window with a ball.

Text A- Grammar Tips Grammar Tips 五、表示排除关系的介词(短语)
Focus on Grammar Exercises 五、表示排除关系的介词(短语) 表示排除关系的介词(短语)主要有but, besides, except, except for等。 1. besides：表示“除了…还有”。如： Besides the dictionary, I also bought many other books in the bookstore. 2. except：表示“除去，不包括”。如： All of the students passed the exam except Mary.

Focus on Grammar Exercises except for：也表示“除……以外”，同except的区别在于except后接的内容和主语是同类的，而except for后接的内容同句子主语不是同类的，而往往是主语整体的一个细节或方面。如： (1) Nobody knows of the fact except his friends. (2) The room did not need repairing except for the broken door.

Focus on Grammar Exercises 4. but：也可表示“除…外”，用法基本与except相同。but后面可跟动词不定式作宾语，如果谓语动词是do， but后所接的不定式不带to。如： (1) No one attended the meeting but John. (2) We could do nothing but wait. (3) They had no choice but to wait.

Text A- Grammar Tips Exercises
Focus on Grammar Exercises A. Fill in each blank with a proper preposition. 1. He asked me whether the movie was based a real story. 2. The Beckhams traveled China in 2011. 3. You can look the word the dictionary. 4. Where are good potatoes grown? Good potatoes are grown North China. 5. What’s this bottle made ? It’s made china. ___ on ______ around up __ __ in __ in __ of __ of

Text A- Grammar Tips Exercises
Focus on Grammar Exercises 6. We are busy preparing the exam. 7. A new bridge is built the river. 8. He came into the classroom a book in his hand. 9. There is a lamp the bed and the desk. 10. Autumn is the best season of the year Beijing. ___ for ____ over ____ with _______ between __ in

Focus on Grammar Exercises B. Complete each sentence with one of the prepositions given in brackets. 1. The two countries are war. (at / about / with) 2. The rain was beating the windows. (in / against / at) 3. The train is ten minutes time. (behind / after / before) 4. There are many other people Tom at the party. (but / beside / besides) 5. Who is he ? (after / before / in) __ at ______ against ______ behind _______ besides ____ after

Focus on Grammar Exercises 6. The policeman caught the thief the arm. (at / by / with) 7. The ball fell the ground. (to / in / over) 8. I am here only business and I’ll leave soon. (under / on / with) 9. There is a map China on the wall. (for / like / of) 10. Ten years passed and his son has grown a young man. (like / into / to) __ by __ to on __ __ of ___ into

Focus on Grammar Exercises C. Fill in each blank according to the Chinese given in brackets. 1. She left the manager’s office (哭着). 2. The boat sails (河上). 3. The manger will come back (一周内). 4. Christmas is celebrated (所有西方国家). 5. We held an interesting party (在户外). ________ with tears _____________________ on / down / along the river ________ in a week __________________ ________ in all (of) the Western countries ____________ in the open air

Text B- Vocabulary Text B celebrate v. 庆祝 event n. 活动，事件 unique adj.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension celebrate v. 庆祝 event n. 活动，事件 unique adj. 独特的，唯一的 universe n. 宇宙，世界 solar adj. 太阳的，日光的 incredible adj. 难以置信的，惊人的 biodiversity n. 生物多样性，物种多样性 clean up 打扫干净，整理

Text B- Vocabulary Text B community n. 社区，团体 participate vi. 参加，参与
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension community n. 社区，团体 participate vi. 参加，参与 participate in 参加，参与 remind vt. 提醒，使记起 responsibility n. 责任，职责 take responsibility for 为…负责，承担…责任 environmental adj. 环境的，周围的 challenge n. 挑战

Text B- Vocabulary Text B solve vt. 解决，解答 practice v. & n. 实行，实践
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension solve vt. 解决，解答 practice v. & n. 实行，实践 rally n. 集会 slogan n. 口号，标语 preserve vt. 保护，保持 distinguished adj. 尊贵的，著名的 in honor of 向…表示敬意，为祝贺…

Text B- Vocabulary Text B draw attention to 引起对…的注意或关注 pollution n. 污染
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension draw attention to 引起对…的注意或关注 pollution n. 污染 central adj. 中心的，中央的 block vt. 阻碍，封锁 block off 阻隔，封锁 site n. 地点，场所 festival n. 节日，喜庆日 exhibit n. 展览品，陈列品

Text B- Vocabulary Text B theme n. 题目，主题 relic n. 遗物，遗迹
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension theme n. 题目，主题 relic n. 遗物，遗迹 sustainable adj. 可持续的，足可支撑的 resource n. 资源，财力

Text B- Vocabulary Text B Proper Names Kenya:
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Proper Names Kenya: 肯尼亚，非洲中东部国家，临印度洋。19世纪后期和20世纪初由英国控制，1963年独立，内罗毕(Nairobi)是其首都和最大城市。

A Day to Celebrate Earth
Text B1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension A Day to Celebrate Earth 1 Earth Day is the largest, most widely celebrated international environment event. Earth Day helps celebrate Earth’s unique place in the universe. It is the only planet in our solar system with incredible biodiversity. Learning about and protecting this biodiversity is what Earth Day is all about. People all over the world celebrate our efforts to protect plants and animals and to clean up the world we live in.

Text B2 Text B 2 Gaylord Nelson of the United States founded
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 2 Gaylord Nelson of the United States founded Earth Day. Earth Day was first celebrated on April 22, 1970 in the United States. Across the United States, 20 million people and thousands of local schools and communities participated in the first Earth Day. It was made an international celebration by the United Nations the next year.

Text B3 Text B 3 Earth Day reminds us that we all share the same
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 3 Earth Day reminds us that we all share the same planet. Sharing Earth means taking responsibility for what we use and how we use it. It is a day to think of the environmental challenges we face and how to solve them. Protecting Earth is every person’s and every country’s responsibility.

Text B4 Text B 4 People traditionally celebrate Earth Day with the
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension People traditionally celebrate Earth Day with the ringing of bells, often bells of peace. The tradition of bell ringing is practiced all over the world on Earth Day. In India, one Earth Day was celebrated by 1,200 kids. They held a rally during which they carried signs with slogans and messages about preserving all of nature. In Kenya, distinguished guests and schoolchildren planted 1,000 trees in a forest in Nairobi. The plantings were in honor of Earth Day and Kenya’s National Tree Planting Day on April 21.

Text B4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension In Australia, people drew attention to air pollution by organizing a large “carless” day. Many central Sydney streets were blocked off to cars. These car-free streets became the site of an Earth Day festival with music, theater, and educational exhibits. China celebrates Earth Day each year with a theme. One year the theme was Protection of Geographic Relics and Scientific Development. Another year the theme focused on sustainable use of natural resources in China and all over the world.

Text B3 Text B 5 Come and join the party with millions of other
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 5 Come and join the party with millions of other people and celebrate your Earth! Earth Day celebrations provide a chance to remember what an amazing planet we live on.

Text B Comprehension1 Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension A. Answer the questions according to the text. 1. What is Earth Day about? It is about learning about and protecting the biodiversity on earth. 2. Who is the founder of Earth Day? The founder is Gaylord Nelson of the United States. 3. How do people traditionally celebrate Earth Day? They traditionally celebrate the day with the ringing of bells, often bells of peace.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 4. What did Australians do on Earth Day to draw attention to air pollution? They organized a large “carless” day. 5. What have been the themes of China’s Earth Day? Protection of geographic relics and scientific development and sustainable use of natural resources in China and all over the world.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension B. Read the sentences below and decide if they are true or false according to the text. Write T for true or F for false. 1. When Earth Day was founded, it was only celebrated in the US. 2. In 1972 Earth Day was made an international celebration by the UN. 3. Earth Day reminds people of their responsibility for the common planet they share. 4. The ringing of peace bells on Earth Day is practiced only in the West. 5. In Kenya children plant trees on every Earth Day. __ T __ F __ T __ F __ F

Text B-T1 Text B 为地球庆祝的一天
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 为地球庆祝的一天地球日是规模最大、庆祝范围最广的国际性环境日，我们在地球日那天庆祝地球在宇宙中独有的地位。地球是太阳系中唯一一个具有惊人的生物多样性的星球，地球日旨在使人们了解并保护这种生物多样性。全世界的人们共同庆祝我们在保护动植物、清理地球方面做出的努力。

Text B-T2 Text B 地球日由美国人盖洛·尼尔生创立，并于1970年 4月22日在美国首次实施。全美国2000万人和数以千
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 地球日由美国人盖洛·尼尔生创立，并于1970年 4月22日在美国首次实施。全美国2000万人和数以千计的当地学校、社区参加了首个地球日的庆祝活动。第二年，联合国将“地球日”设定为国际性庆祝日。

Text B-T3 Text B 地球日提醒我们共享同一个地球。共享地球意味着我们要为使用的资源以及使用资源的方式负责。
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 地球日提醒我们共享同一个地球。共享地球意味着我们要为使用的资源以及使用资源的方式负责。在这一天，我们要思考所面临的环境挑战，以及如何去应对这些挑战。保护地球是每个国家和每个人的责任。

Text B-T4 Text B 庆祝地球日的传统方式是敲钟，通常是敲响和平之钟。地球日敲钟仪式遍布全球。在印度，有一次的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 庆祝地球日的传统方式是敲钟，通常是敲响和平之钟。地球日敲钟仪式遍布全球。在印度，有一次的地球日是由1200名孩子共同庆祝的。在他们举行的集会上，孩子们举起了保护自然的标语和信息。在肯尼亚，身份显赫的客人和小学生们在内罗毕的一片树林中种植了1000棵树，以此来庆祝地球日和肯尼亚 4月21日的全国植树节。

Text B-T4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 在澳大利亚，人们通过组织大型“无车日”活动来引起公众对空气污染的关注。悉尼中心地区的许多街道被封锁，车辆不得通行。在这些没有车辆的街道上，人们用音乐、戏剧和教育性的展览来庆祝地球日。中国每年的地球日都有一个主题。有一年的主题是“保护地理遗产和科学发展”，另一年的主题聚焦于中国和全世界自然资源的可持续利用。

Text B-T4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 一起加入数百万人的聚会中，共同庆祝地球日吧！地球日的庆祝活动给我们一个机会，让我们记得我们居住在一个多么美好的星球上。

Text B - refrigerator Text B celebrate v. 庆祝
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension celebrate v. 庆祝 Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago. 汤姆两天前庆祝了他的24岁生日。 The club will hold a party to celebrate its centenary. 这个俱乐部要举行庆祝成立一百周年晚会。 They were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion. 他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。

Text B- As a result Text B celebration n. 庆祝，庆典
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension celebration n. 庆祝，庆典 The National Day celebration this year was an unprecedentedly great occasion. 今年国庆日庆祝仪式空前盛大。 The celebration of Christmas is a custom. 庆祝圣诞节是一种习俗。

Text B- baker Text B event n. 活动，事件
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension event n. 活动，事件 His accession to the important post was a big event. 他就任这一重要职务是一个重大事件。 Practice what you want to say before the event. 提前练习你要说的话。 in the event 如果；结果 In the event (that) our team wins, there will be a celebration. 如果我队获胜，我们将庆祝一番。

Text B- As a result Text B in the event of 如果，如果…发生，万一，倘使
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension in the event of 如果，如果…发生，万一，倘使 But they asked him to telephone them in the event of need. 但他们告诉他在万一需要的时候打电话给他们。 In the event of rain, the match will be postponed. 如果下雨，比赛将延期。 in any event(= at all events) 无论如何，不管怎样 In any event, we need not rush to reform. 无论如何，我们都无需匆忙进行改革。

Text B- yeast Text B unique adj. 独特的，唯一的 He was a unique genius.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension unique adj. 独特的，唯一的 He was a unique genius. 他是个无与伦比的天才。 The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique. 这座乡村景色的宁静优美是绝无仅有的。 We all have unique skills and gifts. 我们都拥有独特的技能和天赋。

Text B- economics Text B universe n. 宇宙，世界
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension universe n. 宇宙，世界 Our world is but a small part of the universe. 我们的世界只不过是宇宙的一小部分。 Many scientists accept the theory that the universe is growing larger. 许多科学家接受这样的看法：宇宙在不断增大。

Text B- As a result Text B universal adj. 普遍的；宇宙的；全世界的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension universal adj. 普遍的；宇宙的；全世界的 Climate change is a universal problem. 气候变化是个世界性的问题。 English is referred to as a universal language. 英语被称为世界语。

Text B- economics Text B solar adj. 太阳的，日光的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension solar adj. 太阳的，日光的 He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy. 他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。 I thought the perfect car would be a solar car. 我觉得最理想的汽车应该是一辆太阳能汽车。 solar energy 太阳能 solar system 太阳系 solar cell 太阳能电池

Text B- economics Text B incredible adj. 难以置信的，惊人的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension incredible adj. 难以置信的，惊人的 She received me with incredible poise for one so young. 她年纪轻轻居然能如此沉着老练地接待我，真令人难以置信。 That kind of cooperation produces an incredible collection of facts. 这种友好合作积累了惊人的数据。 credible adj. 可靠的，可信的

Text B- As a result Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension We have to provide more accurate and credible information. 我们必须提供更精确可靠的信息。 credit vt. 相信，信任；把…归于 The staff are crediting him with having saved Hythe’s life. 海斯能得救全体人员都归功于他。 I didn’t credit what Jane said. 我不相信简说的话。

Text B- economics Text B biodiversity n. 生物多样性，物种多样性
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension biodiversity n. 生物多样性，物种多样性 Butterflies are indicators of the biodiversity of our natural environment. 蝴蝶是自然环境中生物多样性的重要指标。 Great progress has been made in the protection of biodiversity. 生物多样性保护取得了重大进展。

Text B- economics Text B clean up 打扫干净，整理
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension clean up 打扫干净，整理 The students took turns to clean up their classroom. 学生们轮流打扫教室。 Boys and girls, clean up for dinner. 孩子们，收拾干净准备开饭吧！

Text B- economics Text B community n. 社区，团体
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension community n. 社区，团体 The community is densely populated. 这个社区人口稠密。 Experts share their experiences and knowledge in the community. 专家们在团体中分享经验和知识。

Text B- economics Text B participate vi. 参加，参与
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension participate vi. 参加，参与 You have to decide whether you will participate. 你得决定是参与还是不参与。 Thousands of people will come from all over the country to participate in the celebration. 数以千计的人会自全国各地前来参加此庆典。

Text B- economics Text B participate in 参加，参与
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension participate in 参加，参与 They invited most countries to participate in the World Expo. 他们邀请了大部分国家参加世界博览会。 You should participate actively in the discussion. 你应该积极参与讨论。

Text B- economics Text B remind vt. 提醒，使记起
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension remind vt. 提醒，使记起 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 我要忘了就请提醒我一下。 Be sure to remind her to come back early. 一定要提醒她早点回来。 Please remind me that I must call her up before nine. 请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。

Text B- As a result Text B remind sb. of sth.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension remind sb. of sth. Singapore will remind a lot of friends of the Merlion set in the south island. 提起新加坡，很多朋友会想起树立在岛国南岸的鱼尾狮。 I’ve forgotten his name — will you remind me of it? 我忘记了他的名字——请提醒我一下好吗？

Text B- economics Text B responsibility n. 责任，职责
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension responsibility n. 责任，职责 He could not retreat from his responsibility in this accident. 在这次事故中他有无可逃避的责任。 I accept this responsibility as part of my job. 作为我工作的一部分，我接受这一责任。 responsible adj. 负责的，可靠的；有责任的 He should be responsible for the accident. 他应该对该事故负责。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Each student should be responsible for their own work. 每个学生应当对自己的课业负责。 respond vi. & n. 应答；唱和 Why do they respond to advertising as they do? 为什么他们对广告会有那样的反应。 I invited her to dinner but she did not respond. 我请她吃晚饭，但她未作回答。

Text B- economics Text B take responsibility for 为…负责，承担…责任
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension take responsibility for 为…负责，承担…责任 Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故承担责任。 It helps us all to take responsibility for our environment. 对环境负责，这对我们所有人都有好处。

Text B- economics Text B environmental adj. 环境的，周围的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension environmental adj. 环境的，周围的 A global environmental meeting is going to be held here. 一个全球环境会议将在这里举行。 Environmental awareness has increased over the years. 这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

Text B- As a result Text B environment n. 环境，外界
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension environment n. 环境，外界 A bad home environment can affect a child’s healthy growth. 不良的家庭环境会影响儿童的健康成长。 They should make adjustment to the new environment. 他们应进行调整以适应新环境。

Text B- As a result Text B ecological environment 生态环境
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension ecological environment 生态环境 environment protection 环境保护 natural environment 自然环境 living environment 生活环境

Text B- economics Text B challenge n. 挑战 He threw out a challenge.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension challenge n. 挑战 He threw out a challenge. 他提出了一个挑战。 meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求 He had met the challenge and triumphed. 他迎接挑战并取得了胜利。 Let’s work together to meet the challenge of the 21st century. 让我们一起工作，迎接21世纪的挑战。

Text B- As a result Text B rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应对挑战
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应对挑战 Give everyone the opportunity to rise to the challenge. 给每个人提供接受挑战的机会。 It is a difficult task, but I’m sure he’ll rise to the challenge. 这是个艰巨的任务，不过我相信他能应付自如。

Text B- As a result Text B take up the challenge 应战
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension take up the challenge 应战 He refused to take up the challenge that was offered. 他不愿意接受别人向他提出的挑战。

Text B- economics Text B solve vt. 解决，解答
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension solve vt. 解决，解答 We’re trying to solve the difficult problem by ourselves. 我们正设法自己解决这个难题。 Let’s think this out together—there must be a way to solve this. 让我们一起好好考虑一下吧，一定有办法解决这件事情的。

Text B- As a result Text B solution n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension solution n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答 They have arrived at a solution through scientific investigation. 他们通过科学的调查研究得出了解决问题的办法。 The analysis of a problem is the starting point for its solution. 分析问题是解决问题的基点。 Synonym: decide / settle / work out

Text B- economics Text B practice n. 实行，实践
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension practice n. 实行，实践 Practice is the only way to learn a language well. 学好一门语言的唯一途径就是练习。 They talked in English together for practice. 他们一起练习讲英语。 v. 实行，实践 He continues to practice these skills in his classroom every day. 他继续每天都在教室里练习这些技巧。

Text B- As a result Text B practical adj. 实际的；实用性的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension practical adj. 实际的；实用性的 The scheme seems on the surface to be quite practical. 这个方案表面上看来似乎很实际。 He is a practical person. 他是个很讲实际的人。 in practice 在实践中；实际上，事实上 It sounded like a good idea, but in practice it didn’t work. 那听起来像是个好主意，但做起来却行不通。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension The journey should only take half an hour, but in practice it usually takes more than an hour. 这段路程本来只花半小时时间，但实际上通常要花一个多小时。 the practice of doing sth. 做…的习惯 They have long enjoyed the practice of talking with newspapermen. 他们向来就喜欢和新闻记者交谈。

Text B- economics Text B rally n. 集会
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension rally n. 集会 The grand mass rally was held on the square. 广场上举行了盛大的群众集会。 The new square stands more than 80,000 people to hold a rally. 这个新建广场可容纳八万多人集会。

Text B- economics Text B slogan n. 口号，标语
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension slogan n. 口号，标语 “Service with a smile” is the store’s slogan. “微笑服务”是那家商店的口号。 The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games’ theme slogan is “One World, One Dream”. 2008年北京奥运会口号是“同一个世界，同一个梦想”。

Text B- economics Text B preserve vt. 保护，保持
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension preserve vt. 保护，保持 It is the duty of the police to preserve public order. 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。 They were fighting in order to preserve their independence. 他们为了维护独立而斗争。

Text B- economics Text B distinguished adj. 尊贵的，著名的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension distinguished adj. 尊贵的，著名的 He had a distinguished career and a Nobel Prize. 他有杰出的职业生涯，并获得过诺贝尔奖。 Such a distinguished person is a graduate of Princeton University. 这样一位杰出的人才是普林斯顿大学的毕业生。

Text B- As a result Text B distinguish v. 区别，区分；辨别
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension distinguish v. 区别，区分；辨别 Some people find it difficult to distinguish right from wrong. 一些人认为很难分辨对与错。 Can you distinguish between the twins? 你能分辨这对双胞胎吗？ Sometimes formal English and informal English must be carefully distinguished. 有时候正式英语与非正式英语要仔细地加以区分。

Text B- As a result Text B distinction n. 区别，差别；特性
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension distinction n. 区别，差别；特性 There is an important distinction here. 这里有一个重要的区别。

Text B- economics Text B in honor of 向…表示敬意，为祝贺…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension in honor of 向…表示敬意，为祝贺… We gave a dinner in honor of our guests. 我们设宴款待客人。 The monument was built in honor of the soldiers who died for the country. 这座纪念碑是为纪念为国牺牲的战士们而建立的。

Text B- economics Text B draw attention to 引起对…的注意或关注
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension draw attention to 引起对…的注意或关注 The article was intended to draw attention to the current situation. 这篇文章的意图是引起人们对当前形势的关注。 It comforted her to have drawn her parents’ attention to the matter. 引起她父母对这件事的关注，这使她得到安慰。

Text B- economics Text B pollution n. 污染 Some pollution comes nearby.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension pollution n. 污染 Some pollution comes nearby. 有些污染来自附近。 Air pollution is a problem that should be solved quickly. 空气污染是一个亟待解决的问题。 pollute vt. 污染；玷污；败坏 We love the sea, yet we pollute it. 我们热爱大海，然而我们却污染了它。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动；而且还不污染环境。

Text B- economics Text B central adj. 中心的，中央的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension central adj. 中心的，中央的 Driving a car in central Beijing needs quite an art! 在北京市中心开车可真需要点技术！ The company has recently bought a new office building in central Boston. 这家公司最近在波士顿市中心买了一幢新的办公楼。

Text B- economics Text B block vt. 阻碍，封锁
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension block vt. 阻碍，封锁 These trees will block the effects of rain on soil. 这些树将阻止雨水把土壤带走。 These methods blocked the accidents. 这些方法阻止了事故的发生。 n. 块；街区；大厦；障碍物 You’ll find a red house just one block away. 你会在一个街区远的地方发现一座红色的房子。

Text B- As a result Text B Hold on to the third block, then turn left.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Hold on to the third block, then turn left. 一直往前走，到第三个街区后向左拐。 block up 阻碍，阻塞；垫高 You will have to block up the wheel of the car to change the tire. 换轮胎时必须把车轮垫起来。 Try to block up these holes in the wall. 设法堵塞这些墙洞。

Text B- economics Text B block off 阻隔，封锁
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension block off 阻隔，封锁 They would often block off the canal for repairs. 他们会经常封闭运河，进行维修。 It will seriously block off the development of the electric power industry. 这势必严重阻碍电力行业的发展。

Text B- economics Text B site n. 地点，场所
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension site n. 地点，场所 The site for the new factory has not been decided yet. 新厂的地址尚未选定。 Construction Site. No Admittance. 施工重地，闲人免进。

Text B- economics Text B festival n. 节日，喜庆日
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension festival n. 节日，喜庆日 We spent most of the Spring Festival at home. 春节的大部分时间我们都是在家过的。 Spring Festival Mid-Autumn Festival film festival Dragon Boat Festival Lantern Festival 春节中秋节电影节端午节元宵节

Text B- economics Text B exhibit n. 展览品，陈列品 Never touch the exhibit.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension exhibit n. 展览品，陈列品 Never touch the exhibit. 千万别碰展览品。 There is no doubt that it is the vase I saw at the exhibit hall. 毫无疑问那就是我在展览厅看见的那个花瓶。 exhibition n. 展览，显示；展览会；展览品 They went to an exhibition of modern art yesterday. 昨天，他们参观了现代美术展览。

Text B- As a result Text B on exhibit 展出
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension on exhibit 展出 Tourists from all over the world enjoy the various items on exhibit. 来自世界各地的游客欣赏着展出的各种展品。

Text B- economics Text B theme n. 题目，主题
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension theme n. 题目，主题 I love the contents and the theme of the website. 我喜欢这个网站的内容和主题。 He gave a talk on the theme of teenage unemployment. 他就青少年失业的主题作了一次报告。

Text B- economics Text B relic n. 遗物，遗迹
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension relic n. 遗物，遗迹 The cultural relic discovered lately dates from the Ming Dynasty. 最近发现的文物属于明朝。 This custom is a relic of ancient times. 这习俗乃是古代遗风。

Text B- economics Text B sustainable adj. 可持续的，足可支撑的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension sustainable adj. 可持续的，足可支撑的 The experts agree that the company has a sustainable competitive advantage. 专家一致认为该公司具有可持续的竞争优势。

Text B- economics Text B resource n. 资源，财力
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension resource n. 资源，财力 All pollution is simply an unused resource. 所有的污染只不过是一种未被利用的资源。 The company viewed people as critical resources. 这家公司把人看做是重要资源。

Text B- To see this Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Learning about and protecting this biodiversity is what Earth Day is all about. (Para. 1): The present participle phrase “learning about and protecting ...” functions as the subject of the sentence and the what- introduced clause serves as the predicative of the sentence. What-introduced clauses are often used as the object too. For example: They stopped to see what was happening. 他们停下来看发生了什么。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done. 老师因为男孩做的事情很生气。

Text B- they can sell Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension It was made an international celebration by the United Nations the next year. (Para. 2): The next year, the United Nations designated the day as an international celebration. The sentence structure “sth. / sb. is (be) made + n. / adj.” is often used in the following situations: He was made heir after his uncle’s death. 在叔叔死后，他被立为继承人。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension The band was made infamous by the drug scandal. 乐队因为吸毒丑闻变得臭名昭著。 The house was made a regular venue for the party meetings. 这座房子成了召开党会的固定场所。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension People traditionally celebrate Earth Day with the ringing of bells, often bells of peace. (Para. 4): The preposition “with” introduces the manner in which the action in the main clause is carried out. For example: The Spring Festival is often celebrated with fireworks and dragon shows. 人们常常以放烟花、舞龙的方式来庆祝春节。 Let’s celebrate the occasion with a toast to everyone’s health. 让我们为各位的健康举杯，以庆祝这个时刻。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension They held a rally during which they carried signs with slogans and messages about preserving all of nature. (Para. 4):“During which” introduces an attributive clause with “which” being the relative pronoun. More examples: We lived there for a year during which we enjoyed the city. 我们在那里住了一年，期间非常喜欢那座城市。

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension My brother had a terrible journey on his way to India during which he had his wallet stolen at the airport and lost his mobile phone at a small local restaurant as he made a brief stopover in Hong Kong. 我哥哥的印度之行糟糕极了，在机场被人偷了钱包，短暂逗留香港期间，又在一间小饭馆丢了手机。

Comprehensive Exercise A
Comprehensive Exercises Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D A. Choose the best answer. ________ the help of the guide dog, the old man ________ his son a visit. A. Under; spent B. With; took C. With; paid D. Under; showed

Comprehensive Exercises
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 2. Because ________ bad weather we had to have our physical education class in the classroom. A. of B. it was C. of the D. the

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 3. I often dream ________ my old friends. A. to see B. seeing C. of seeing D. at seeing

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 4. ________ the end they succeeded in finishing the task ________ the end of June. A. At; at B. In; in C. In; at D. At; in

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 5. Can you translate the passage ________ English? A. with B. from C. into D. by

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 6. We couldn’t help ________ when we heard the hero’s story. A. moving B. to move C. to be moved D. being moved

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 7. Please pay twenty dollars for these, the dictionary ________. A. included B. were included C. include D. including

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 8. When he became a famous poet he was ________ his early thirties. A. in B. at C. after D. from

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 9. You ________ not smoke here. This is a public place. A. could better B. would better C. should better D. had better

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 10. The teacher shared the tasks ________ all the children in her class. A. to B. with C. by D. among

Comprehensive Exercises B
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D B. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. right March long people spring than What and When Is Earth Day? When I proposed to name Earth Day, a global occasion to celebrate the wonder of life on our planet, I thought and hard about what day to choose. It must be meaningful and must be accepted by When I came across the Vernal Equinox(春分), I immediately knew it was What could be better ____ long ______ people ____ right

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D right March long people spring than the first day of spring when hearts and minds can join together with thoughts of peace and the awakening of the earth. So the first Earth Day was celebrated in San Francisco, on , The United Nations later accepted the day as a yearly event for people all over the world. Each year the United Nations Peace Bell rings at the moment begins. ____ than _____ March _____ spring

Comprehensive Exercises C
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D C. Translate the following sentences into English by using the given words or phrases. 1. 就我们所知，地球是人类可以居住的唯一星球。(as far as) As far as we know, the earth is the only planet where people can live. 2. 田野被一层薄薄的雪覆盖着。(be covered with) The field was covered with a thin layer of snow.

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 3. 大城市汽车很多，严重污染了空气。(pollute) There are a lot of cars in big cities. They seriously pollute the air. 4.我们应当勇敢地承担起对地球的责任。(responsibility) We should bravely take our responsibility for the earth. 5. 地球日让人们更关注环境问题。(draw attention to) Earth Day draws more attention to environmental problems.

Comprehensive Exercises D
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D D. Translate the following passage from Text A into Chinese. The earth means many things to the people who live on it. To a farmer, the earth is rich soil. To a road builder, the earth means mountains of hard rock. For a sailor, the earth is water as far as the eye can see. A pilot’s view of the earth may include part of an ocean, a mountain, and patches of farmland. An astronaut speeding through space sees the earth’s round shape and the outline of lands and oceans. Each of these different views helps describe the earth but none really tells what the earth is.

Comprehensive Exercises D
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 地球对于地球上的居民来说，意味着许多事物。对于农民来说，地球是肥沃的土壤；对于修路工人来说，地球是由坚硬石块构成的山峰；对于水手来说，地球是一望无际的水域；在飞行员眼中，地球可能会包括部分海洋、山峰和成片农田；在太空高速行进的宇航员看到的地球是圆形的球体，还有海洋和陆地的轮廓。他们关于地球的不同看法都有助于对地球进行描述，但都没有真正揭示地球究竟是什么。

Practical Reading and Writing
Writing Exercise Slogans(标语口号) 口号常常出现在各种媒体上、街头巷尾的宣传栏中、文化衫上、商场门口的巨型气球上、甚至在汽车保险杠上。根据不同的目的，口号大致可以分为政治口号、商业口号、公益口号和其他趣味口号。口号通常只包含一个句子，语言简单、生动，能给人留下较为深刻的印象。请看下面不同类型的口号，体会其中的语言特色。

Writing Exercise 一、政治口号美国总统肯尼迪的竞选口号： Kennedy cares. (肯尼迪在乎。) 美国总统艾森豪威尔的竞选口号： I like Ike. (我喜欢艾克。) (注：艾克是艾森豪威尔的昵称。) 伊拉克战争时的反战口号： Drop Bush, not bombs. (扔布什，别扔炸弹。)

Writing Exercise 二、商业口号可口可乐公司的商业口号： Always Coca-Cola. (永远的可口可乐) 麦当劳的商业口号： I’m lovin’ it! (我就喜欢！) 化妆品公司欧莱雅的商业口号： Because I’m worth it.(因为我值得拥有。) 英特尔公司的商业口号： Intel Inside.(内有英特尔。)

Writing Exercise 三、公益口号 Earth Day, Every Day. (天天都是地球日。) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. (少用，再用，循环利用。) Who says we can’t change the world. (谁说我们不能改变世界？) Think globally, act locally. (着眼天下，着手眼前。)

Writing Exercise 四、趣味口号文化衫上的趣味口号： My mum calls me No! No! But my grandma calls me sweetie. (我妈对我说，这不行，那也不行！但我奶奶却叫我甜心。) 汽车保险杠上的趣味口号： I have good brakes. Do you have good insurance? (我有好的刹车，你有好的保险吗？) Driver carries no cash. He is married. (司机身上没有现金，他已结婚。)

Writing Exercise A. Translate the following slogans into Chinese. 1. Engineered to move the human spirit. (Mercedes-Benz) 人类精神的动力。 2. To me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color. (Hennessy VSOP) 对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来却是绚烂缤纷。

Writing Exercise 3. You can’t beat the feeling. (Coca-Cola) 挡不住的感觉。 4. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye. (Radar) 蚊子杀杀杀。 5. M&Ms melt in your mouth, not in your hand. (M&Ms) M&Ms只溶于口，不溶于手。

Writing Exercise 6. Connecting People. (Nokia) 科技以人为本。 7. A diamond lasts forever. (De Beers) 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。 8. Start Ahead. (Rejoice) 一切从头开始。

Writing Exercise Tips for writing a slogan 1. 标语口号常常只有一句话，要求通俗易懂，鲜明准确。 2. 句子表达要独创有趣，便于记忆，易读上口。 3. 语言有感染力和鼓动性。

Writing Exercise B. Write two slogans for environment protection. Reference answers: 1. Save water, it will save you later! 2. Less pollution is the best solution. 3. Modern technology owes ecology an apology. 4. Let’s go green to get our globe clean. 5. It’s the only earth we got. 6. When you refuse to reuse, it’s our earth you abuse.

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