高考英语 语法专项复习 昆明第三十四中学 罗 斌.

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1 高考英语 语法专项复习 昆明第三十四中学 罗 斌

2 冠词考点归纳

3 冠 词 冠词的种类 定冠词：the 不定冠词：a, an 注意：an用在以元音因素开头的单词前，a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前。
冠 词 定冠词：the 冠词的种类 不定冠词：a, an 注意：an用在以元音因素开头的单词前，a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前。 用不定冠词a, an填空： an a half _____ hour ____ useful book ____ European country ____ honest person ____ eight-year-old girl a an an

4 【原题再现】 ①Today I visited the Smiths -- my first visit to a American family. （’96短文改错） ②The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _______ 17th century cottage.（’04全国） A. the; 不填 B. an; the C. 不填; the D. an; a an 译文：威尔逊一家住在海边一幢形状像字母A的房子中，它是一幢建于17世纪的别墅。 解析：第一空后面的单词以元音因素/ei/开头；第二空后面跟序数词，很容易误选the，因为序数词常常与定冠词the连用。根据句子意思来选择，第二空应该用a。 单选题解题关键：语意第一，语法第二！

5 一、不定冠词考点归纳 1. a/an用于不可数的抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种…”之类的意思时，往往有一形容词或介词短语来修饰该抽象名词或物质名词。常用的抽象名词有：feeling, honor, joy, pity, pleasure, surprise, knowledge, danger, disappointment, failure, help, success, pressure等。 ①--How about _________ Christmas evening party? --I should say it was _________ success. （07福建） A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. the; / ②Many people agree that _________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today. （NMET’96） A. a; X B. the; an C. the; the D. X; the

6 2. 不定冠词位于专有名词前，使专有名词普通化。
①--Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? --Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t ________ Mr. Smith here. （06全国I） A. / B. a C. the D. an ②--John, there is ________ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. --I’m in _________ bath. （04全国） A. a; the B. the; a C. a; / D. the; /

7 3. 不定冠词用在某些不可数名词前，表示“一份”、“一种”或“一阵（场）”。如：a coffee, a tea, a fog, a rain, a snow, a wind等。
①Towards _________ morning, _________ heavy rain began to fall. A. the; a     B. a; a      C. the; /    D. the; the 4. 不定冠词与序数词连用表示“又一”。 ①Give it _________ second thought and you’ll find it wise to accept _________ job. A. the; the    B. a; a    C. a; the D. the; a 温馨提示：the与序数词连用，表示“第几”。

8 5. 不定冠词用于固定习语中。 have a look at, have a history （knowledge/population） of, have a good time/in a hurry, in a minute, all of a sudden, pay a visit to, keep an eye on, give sb. a hand等。 ①How about taking ________ short break? I want to make _________ call. （07四川） A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a ②I wanted to catch _________ early train, but couldn’t get ________ ride to the station. （07天津） A. an; the B. /; the C. an; / D. the; a 固定搭配：take/have a break/rest休息; make a call打电话；get a ride搭便车。

9 二、定冠词考点归纳 1. 定冠词用在表特指的单数、复数名词以及不可数名词前，指前面已经提到过或说话双方都能体会到或明白的人或物，或有一个定语明确地限制其范围或确定其为某一具体的人或物。 ①I like ________ color of your skirt. It is ________ good match for your blouse. （07浙江） A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the ②Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. （NMET’98 短文改错） obey the captain

10 2. 定冠词用在单数名词前，从整体上表示一类人或物。
①Alexander Bell invented ________ telephone in （NMET91） A. X B. a C. the D. one ②When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat. （04全国） A. a; the B. the; / C. the; a D. a; / 【拓展延伸】英语中表类指的方法 A horse is a useful animal. ①a/an + 单数名词 The bicycle is a very popular means of transportation in China. ②the + 单数名词 Parents should set a good example to their children. ③复数名词

11 3. 在下列情况下，通常要用定冠词the。 （1）序数词前；（2）形容词最高级前；（3）方位名词前；（4）乐器前；（5）太阳、地球等天体前；（6）江、河、湖、海、海峡、山脉等地理名称前。 ①Paper money was in _________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century. （NMET99） A. the; X B. the; the C. X; the D. X; X ②Alice is fond of playing _________ piano while Henry is interested in listening to __________ music. （MET89） A. X; the B. X; X C. the; X D. the; the

12 ③Summers in __________ south of France are for ________ most part dry and sunny. （’00春季）
A. X; a B. the; X C. X; X D. the; the ④We may be one family and live under a same roof. （NMET01短文改错） same常常与定冠词the连用。

13 4. the＋形容词/分词，表示“一类人”。The＋姓氏的复数形式表示“某某一家人”。
①--Could you tell me the way to _________ Johnson’s please? --Sorry, we don’t have _________ Johnson here in the village. （07全国II） A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / ②In China the old _________. A. are taken good care B. is taken good care C. is taken good care of D. are taken good care of

14 5. 固定句型：beat/hit/knock/pat/strike sb
5. 固定句型：beat/hit/knock/pat/strike sb. ＋in/on the＋身体部位。catch/grasp/pull/take/seize sb. by the ＋身体部位。The＋比较级…, the＋比较级… 越…就越… 我非常生气，在他脸上狠狠地打了一下。 警察抓住了小偷的手。 你们的成绩越差，我就越着急。 I was so angry that I hit him in the face heavily. The policeman caught the thief by the hand. The worse your grades are, the more worried I am.

15 6.  固定词组 at the age of, the other day, on the way to, with the help of, make the best use of, be in the habit of, the top of the town, at the very beginning, by the hour, at the end of, in the end ①Many people are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in ________ public places. （93） A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the

16 三、零冠词考点归纳 1. 泛指的复数名词及不可数名词前不用冠词。
①Beyond ________ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _________ space. （NMET96） A. the; X B. X; the C. X; X D. the; the ②Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food. （NMET00） A. the; a B. X; a C. the; the D. X; the

17 2. 学科名词、季节、一日三餐、球类运动前不加冠词。
①She is __________ newcomer to _________ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （NMET94） A. X; X B. the; X C. a; X D. a; the 补充：如果一日三餐前有形容词修饰时，需加不定冠词a/an。 I had a big dinner last night.

18 ②_________ president was satisfied with the talks. A. A B. The
3. 表示头衔、职务的名词如captain, chairman, head, president, monitor等作表语、补语、同位语时不加冠词。作主语时应加冠词。 ①Lincoln was elected __________ president of __________ United States in 1860. A. the; the B. /; the C. a; /       D. /; / ②_________ president was satisfied with the talks. A. A B. The C. / D. An 4. 在turn后面作表语的单数可数名词须省略不定冠词a/an。 十年之后，他成为了一位警察，而我却成了一位老师。 Ten years later, he became a policeman while I turned teacher.

19 5. 固定搭配 at daybreak（noon/dawn/midnight）, by bus（car/bike）, by mistake, go to church, in bed, at table, be in hospital, in silence, in peace, hand in hand, face to face, in need of, make room for, make use of, take（leave） office, business, in uniform, in debt. ①--Where is Jack? --I think he is still in _______ bed, but he might just be in ________ bathroom. （NMET92） A. X/X B. the/the C. the/X D. X/the ②If you go by _______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ________ fast one. （05全国II） A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. /; /

20 冠词专项练习 1. Everything comes with _______ price; there is no such ______ thing as free lunch in the world. （2010重庆） A. a; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; / 2. Many lifestyle patterns do such _______ great harm to health that they actually speed up ______ weakening of the human body. （2010浙江） A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; / 3. In _______ most countries, a university degree can give you ________ flying start in life. （2010四川） A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填; 不填 D. 不填; a 4. As he reached ________ front door, Jack saw _________ strange sight. （2011全国II） A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; a

21 5. As is known to all, ________ People’s Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world. （2011陕西）  A. the; 不填   B. 不填; the     C. the; the   D. 不填; 不填 6. Dr. Peter Spence, ________ headmaster of the school, told us, ______ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. （2011四川） A. 不填; a           B. 不填; the      C. the; the       D. a; a 7. —It’s said John will be in a job paying over 86,000 yuan ________ year. —Right, he will also get paid by _________ week. （2011江西） A. the; the          B. a; the          C. the; a      D. a; a 8. It is generally accepted that _____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ______ man. （2011全国新课标卷） A. a; a           B. a; the           C. the; the       D. a; 不填 9. Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be _________ Picasso. （2011浙江） A. the; 不填   B. a; the          C. a; 不填          D. the; a

22 10. Take your time ---- it’s just _______ short distance from here to ________ restaurant. （2011山东）
A. 不填; the   B. a; the   C. the; a   D.不填; a 11. In communication, a smile is usually _______ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude. （2011重庆） A. the; /       B. a; an        C. a; /         D. the; an 12. He missed _______ gold in the high jump, but will get _______ second chance in the long jump. （2012全国II） A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填 13. Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day. （2012安徽） A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the 14. Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take _______ place of George. （2012重庆） A. /; / B. the; / C the; the D. /; the

23 15. Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. （2012全国）
A. 不填; a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a 16. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times. （2012山东） A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a 17. The Smiths don’t usually like staying at _______ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea. （2012江西） A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a

24 18. I woke up with _________ bad headache, yet by _________ evening the pain had gone. （2012辽宁）
A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an 19. We are said to be living in _________ Information Age, _________ time of new discoveries and great changes. （2012四川） A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 20. The development of industry has been _________ gradual process throughout _________ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. （2012浙江） A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a

25 数词考点归纳

26 名 词 一、名词的概念和种类 1. 名词的概念 名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念，如：student, desk, failure。 2. 名词的种类 （1）普通名词 ①个体名词：表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体，如：student, bird等。 ②集体名词：表示由个体组成的集合体，如people, family（家庭）等。 ③物质名词：表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词，如water等。 ④抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念，如work, love等。

27 （2）专有名词 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等，如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）、the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）等。

28 二、可数名词变复数的方法 1. 一般情况下在词尾加s，如room, desk, bird。 2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾，加es，如bus, box, watch。 3. 以o结尾，加s，如：radio, photo。 ★以下以o结尾的词需加es。 在吃番茄和西红柿的黑人和英雄被蚊子叮了。 The Negroes and heroes eating tomatoes and patatoes are bitten by some mosquitoes. 4. 以“f”、 “fe”结尾，变“f” 、 “fe”为“v”，再加“es”。如：wife, knife。 ★特例：gulf（港湾）, chef（厨师）, belief（信念）, roof（屋顶）, proof（证据）, surf（海浪）, cliff（悬崖），以上名词尽管以“f”结尾，复数形式在词尾加“s”。

29 5. 以“元音字母＋y”结尾，直接加“s”；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，改“y”为“i”，再加“s”。
play→plays boy→boys toy→toys key→keys baby→babies family→families factory→factories city→cities university→universities 6. 复合名词变复数，以“中心名词”为主，即在“中心名词”后加（e）s。 mother-in-law（岳母）→mothers-in-law editor-in-chief（主编）→editors-in-chief looker-on（旁观者）→lookers-on passer-by（路过者）→passers-by go-between（媒人，中间人）→go-betweens grown-up（成年人）→grown-ups

30 7. 单复数同形：deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Portuguese（葡萄牙人）, aircraft（飞机）, works（著作）, means（方式）, species（种类）, people（人） 8. 变换单词内部元音字母或增加字母，如： man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth goose→geese mouse→mice ox→oxen child→children *由man, woman, gentleman构成的复合名词，变复数时，需将两个名词都变成复数形式。 man teacher（男教师） woman doctor（女医生） boy student（男生） girl player（女选手） men teachers women doctors boy students girl players

31 9. 通常只以复数形式出现的名词：scissors（剪刀）, trousers, shorts（短裤）, compasses（圆规）, scales（天平）, glasses（眼镜）。
三、名词所有格 1. 一般情况下在词尾加’s，如：Li Ping’s book（李平的书）。 2. 以s结尾的名词通常加’，如：Teachers’ Day（教师节）。 3. 在表示职业或某人家的名词后加’s表示工作场所或住所，如：the barber’s（理发店）, at the Jack’s（在杰克家）。

32 4. 多者共有，在最后一个人名后加’s，各自拥有，分别在人名后加’s，如：Tom and Lucy’s mother（Tom和Lucy的母亲），Tom’s and Lucy’s books（Tom和Lucy的书）。 5. 无生命的名词如时间、距离、度量、价格、国家、城市、天体等，可直接在名词后加’s构成所有格，也可以借助of构成所有格，如：China’s capital（the capital of China）（中国的首都）。 *6、介词加to表示所有格。 the answer/key to the question问题的答案 the key to the door门钥匙 the entrance to the cinema电影院的入口 the road/way to success通往成功之路 the secretary to the manager经理的秘书 the guide to….指南

33 四、不可数名词的计量形式 不可数名词没有词形变化，需要计量时，可用of连接相应的量词，并加以数词和量词的复数形式来表示。 一滴水 a drop of water 一袋面粉 a bag of flour 一镑肉 a pound of meat 五堆纸 five piles of paper

34 五、名词的考点归纳 （一）名词词义辨析 1. 对固定搭配中的名词的考查 ①Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the _________ of little children.（04湖北） A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance ②It is said that dogs will keep you _________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. （06江西） A. safely B. company C. house D. friend in/within the reach of sb. 在某人够得着的地方 keep sb. company 陪伴某人

35 2. 依据语境选择合适的名词 ①Finding information in today’s world is easy. The _________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. （06天津） A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge ②Always read the __________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.（06福建） A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introduction 能力 竞赛 挑战 知识 解释 指示，说明 描述，描绘 介绍

36 （二）可数名词、不可数名词及它们之间的转化 1. 对不可数名词的考查 既可以用作不可数名词也可以用作可数名词的词： beauty glass
coffee paper success word rain fish difficulty pleasure surprise [un]美丽，漂亮 [un]玻璃 [cn]玻璃杯，眼镜 [cn]美女，美人 [un]纸 [un]咖啡 [cn]报纸，论文 [cn]一份咖啡 [un]消息 [un]成功 [cn]单词，话语 [cn]成功的人（事） [un]雨水 [un]鱼肉 [un]一阵雨 [un]鱼 [un]困难 [un]快乐，乐趣 [un]困难的事 [un]快乐的事 [un]惊讶，惊奇 [un]惊讶的事

37 ①He gained his ________ by printing ________ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; work C. wealths; work D. wealth; works ②While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _______ discovery which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of color.（04广东） A. a; X B. a; the C. X; the D. the; a

38 2. 抽象名词与普通名词的转化 ①The _________ on his face told me that he was angry.（06湖北） A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression （三）名词的数与主谓一致 1. 名词作主语时数的问题 ①As you can see, the number of cars on roads __________ rising these days. （06全国II） A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping ②He is the only one of the children who __________ ill of others behind their backs. A. speaks B. speak C. is spoken D. says

39 A. is washing away B. is being washed away
2. 分数、不定量词作主语时数的问题 ①With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth __________ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 3. 连接词与主谓一致 ①A poet and artist _________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（06江苏） A. is B. are C. was D. were ②The father as well as his three children __________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.（06辽宁） A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going a poet and an artist一位诗人和一位画家 一位诗人兼画家 as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据就远原则来确定。

40 （四）名词作定语 名词作定语时, 通常用单数形式。某些常用复数形式作定语的名词有： arms production武器生产，clothes shop服装店，sales department销售部门，sports meeting运动会，plastics industry塑料工业等。 ①The _________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. （’01上海春） A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop ②The environmentalists said that wild goat’s _________ on the vast grasslands was a good indication. （04上海） A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance

41 数词考点归纳

42 用英语读出下列数字： 89 365 7,896 21,654 777,777 8,888,888 99,999,999 eighty-nine three hundred and sixty-five seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety-six twenty-one thousand, six hundred and fifty-four seven hundred and seventy-seven thousand, seven hundred and seventy-seven eight million, eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand, eight hundred and eighty-eight ninety-nine million, nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine

43 用英语读出下列数字： 111,111,111 2,222,222,222 50.899 87.12% 7/8 4 1/5 one hundred and eleven million, one hundred and eleven thousand, one hundred and eleven two billion, two hundred and twenty-two million, two hundred and twenty-two thousand, two hundred and twenty-two fifty point, eight nine nine eighty-seven point one two percent seven-eighths four and one-fifth

44 一、数词的种类 1. 基数词：表示“数量多少”的词，如：five, twenty, a hundred等。 2. 序数词：表示顺序的词，一般在基数词后加“th”，如：fifth, twentieth等。 ★特殊形式的序数词： one→first two→second three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth 表示“几十”的序数词，将基数词末尾的“y”改为“i”，再加eth。 twenty→twentieth ninety→ninetieth

45 两位数或三位数等的基数词变序数词时，只用将个位数变成序数词即可。
fifty-two→fifty-second one hundred and eight→one hundred and eighth two thousand, eight hundred and forty-six→ two thousand, eight hundred and forty-sixth

46 二、数词的句法功能 1. 基数词的句法功能 基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等句子成分。 The two happily opened the box.（主语） I need three altogether.（宾语） Four students are playing volleyball outside. （定语） We are sixteen. （表语） They three tried to finish the task before sunset. （主语同位语）

47 2. 序数词的句法功能 序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等句子成分。 The second is what I really need. （主语） He chose the second. （宾语） We are to carry out the first plan. （定语） She is the second in our class. （表语）

48 三、分数表达法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时，分母需用复数形式。如： 1/3→one third 3/4→three fourths（three quarters） 3 1/4→three and one fourth 1/2→one second（a half） 5/8→five eighths 在书写分数时，分子和分母之间可以用连字符号“-”，也可以不用。如：one-third, three-fourths。

49 四、小数、百分数的读法 小数点读作point；%读作percent 米：eight thousand, eight hundred and forty-eight point one eight meters 0.002：zero point zero zero two 50％：fifty percent 89.99％：eighty-nine point nine nine percent

50 五、数词的考点归纳 1. 表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用in one’s thirties或者in the 1990s/1990’s表示。 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 这个故事发生在二十世纪六十年代。 He became a professor in his thirties. The story happened in the 1960s/1960’s.

51 2. 当hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen（打，十二）, score（二十）等词前面有具体的数词时，它们不能用复数，也不与of连用。如果前面没有具体的数词，需加“s”，并与of连用。 大厅里有三百人。 每年数百万人死于癌症。 There are three hundred people in the hall. Millions of people die of cancer every year.

52 3. 基数词与复数名词用连字符号连接作定语时，名词用单数形式。
昨晚他写了一篇800字的作文。 李平在100米比赛中获得了第一名。 He wrote an 800-word composition last night. Li Ping won the first in the 100-meter race.

53 4. 序数词前通常加the或形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；序数词与不定冠词a或an连用时，则表示“又一”， “再一”。
这是我第二次去北京。 他又失败了，但是他还想再试一次。 It is my second time that I have been in Beijing. He failed again, but he wanted to try a second time.

54 5. 分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们后面的名词。如果名词是复数，动词用复数；反之亦然。
三分之二的大米变质了。 我们学校70％的老师是女性。 注意：population（人口，不可数名词）前有分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 中国70%的人口生活在农村。 Two-thirds of the rice has gone bad. 70% of the teachers in our school are female. 70% of the population of China live in the countryside.

55 ★6. 倍数表达法： （1）主语＋谓语＋倍数＋（形容词、副词比较级）＋than… 这个房间比那个房间大2倍。 我比他大10岁。 This room is twice larger than that one. I am ten years older than he (is).

56 （2）主语＋谓语＋倍数＋as…as…（as…as中间用形容词、副词的原形）
这家工厂今年生产的机器是去年的5倍。 （3）主语＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词（length, width, height, size）of… 这条河比那条河长2倍。 This year, the factory has produced 5 times as many machines as the year before. The river is twice the length of that one.

57 is ___________. A. two hundreds and sixty–five B. two hundred and sixty–five C. two and sixty–five D. two hundreds sixty five 2. __________, there will be __________ on the streets, taking part in the celebration. A.October1; millions people B. In October first; millions people C. On October the first; millions of people D. On October one; million people 3. He has been here for __________. A. one and a half months B. one and the half months C. one and a half month D. one and a half of month 4. The red shoes cost __________. A. one pound and a half of pound B. one and a half pound C. one pound and a half D. one pound and half a pound

58 5. This story took place in __________.
A. a 1930’s B. 1930s C. the 1930s’ D. the 1930s 6. The hero of the story is an artist in his __________. A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty’s D. thirties 7. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced __________ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 8. This river is __________ that one. A. as three times long as B. the third time as C. three times the length of D. three times longer 9. We arrived in London on __________. A. June seventeen B. June the seventeen C. the seventeenth of June D. seventeenth of June

59 10. We are to take up （开始学习） __________ today.
A. the Eleventh Lesson B. Eleventh Lesson C. the Lesson Eleven D. Lesson the Eleven 11. We are going to learn __________ next week. A. Lesson Twelve B. Lesson Twelfth C. Twelfth Lesson D. the Lesson Twelfth 12. __________ were blown down in the storm. A. Score of tree B. Scores of trees C. Score of trees D. Scores of tree 13. He sold _____ of the magazine this afternoon. A. three dozen copy B. three dozens copy C. three dozen copies D. three dozens copies 14. The librarian asked him to return the book __________. A. in one day or two B. for one or two days C. within one day or two days D. in a day or two A应改为in one or two days

60 15. We heard that he could swim __________ under the water.
A. one minute or two B. one or two minutes C. two minutes or one D. two or one minute 16. Two __________ died of cold last winter. A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples 17. --How many chairs are there in the room? --__________. A. Are four B. Are five chairs there C. There’s one D. There’s a chair 19. He is a student of __________. A. Class First B. the Class One C. Class One D. First Class 20. About __________ of the workers in the steel workers are young people. A. third–fifths B. three–fifths C. three–fives D. three–fifth

61 形容词、副词 考点归纳

62 一、形容词的用法: 1. Jim is a diligent boy.（定语） 2. John is honest and warm-hearted. （表语） 3. You must keep the room clean. Don’t leave the door open. （宾补） 4. The young are always energetic. （主语） 5. We should respect the old. （宾语） 形容词在句中可以充当定语、表语、宾语补足语；the＋形容词在句中可以作主语、宾语。

63 常跟形容词作宾补的词有：make/keep/leave/find/feel/consider/think +宾语+adj.（宾补）。
考试使我非常着急。 我发现学习英语很有用。 不要把你的孩子单独留下。 我认为他很诚实。 Exams make me very worried. I find it useful to learn English. Don’t leave your child alone. I think him honest.

64 只能作表语的形容词： well（身体好的）, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, alive, alike, afraid, glad, sure, unable, ill（生病的）等。上述形容词不能作定语，但alive, asleep可作后置定语。 他是健在的最伟大的诗人。 He is the greatest poet alive.

65 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 限定词（those）＋数量形容词（three）＋描绘性形容词（beautiful）＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large）＋新旧（old）＋颜色（brown）＋国籍＋材料（wood）＋被修饰名词（table）。 ①This __________ girl is Lind’s cousin. （北京卷） A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish ②John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______ car. （辽宁卷） A. large German white     B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white ③____ students are required to take part in the boat race. （浙江卷） A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese ④The husband gave his wife ________ every month in order to please her. （重庆卷） A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income

66 Unfortunately, the Titanic sank during the voyage.
二、副词的用法: 1. 副词的句法功能： He studies very hard. （状语） Life here is full of joy. （后置定语） When will you be back? （表语） 副词在句子中用作状语、后置定语和表语。作状语时，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、词组或整个句子。actually/luckily/generally/unfortunately等常放在句首（用作插入语），用来修饰句子。 不幸地是，泰坦尼克号在航行中沉没了。 很明显，他在说谎。 Unfortunately, the Titanic sank during the voyage. Obviously, he is lying/he is telling a lie.

67 2. 副词的种类：副词按其用途和功能可分为五类。
（1）时间副词：用来表示动作的时间。常见的有： now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。 他上学常常迟到。 明天我们打算干什么？ 他从未去过北京。 （2）地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。 我在回家的路上遇见一位老朋友。 他上楼去了。 把你的名字写在这儿。 He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He has never been to Beijing before. I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He has gone upstairs. Write down your name here.

68 （3）方式副词：表示做事的方式、方法的副词。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。 那位老人缓缓地朝家走去。 请认真听讲。 他跑得很快。 （4）程度副词：多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的有：much, （a） little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。 她的发音非常好。 她歌唱得很好。 我很难赞同你的观点。 The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. He runs very fast. She pronounces very well. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you.

69 （5）疑问副词：引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的有：how, when, where, why等。
你的学习进展如何？ 昨天你在哪儿？ 你为什么那么做？ How are you getting along with your study? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that?

70 三、形容词、副词的转换： 1. “名词＋ly”构成形容词；“形容词＋ly”构成副词。 love mother brother friend week month quick careful beautiful dangerous 2. 以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词变副词时，去e再加ly，如：true→truly。 3. 以ple, ble, tle, dle结尾的形容词，将e变成y，如：possible→possibly; gentle→gently; probable→probably。 4. 以ll结尾的形容词，直接加y，如：full→fully。

71 5. 形容词、副词同形。fast, late, high, hard, early, straight等既是形容词又是副词。
6. 两种副词形式的比较。 close closely free freely deep deeply hard hardly wide widely high highly late lately most mostly 接近，秘密地 密切地，紧密地 自由地，免费地 自由地，随意地 深 深深地 努力地 几乎不 广大地，广泛地 广泛地，大大地 高，高高地 高度地 迟地，晚 最近 最，很 主要地，大部分

72 四、形容词、副词的考点 （一）形容词、副词比较等级的考查 1. 表示A和B程度相同时： ①A＋谓语＋as＋adj./adv.（原级）＋as B. ②A＋谓语＋the same＋名词＋as B. 他和他姐姐一样聪明。 李明和李刚学习一样努力。 He is as clever as his sister (is). Li Ming studies as hard as Li Gang. He is the same intelligence as his sister.

73 2. 表示A和B程度不等时： A＋谓语＋not＋（so）as＋adj./adv.（原级）＋as B. 学习语文不如学习英语难。 李明跑得不如李刚快。 在该句型中，not必须附着在系动词或者助动词之后。 Studying Chinese is not so as difficult as studying English. Li Ming doesn’t run so as fast as Li Gang.

74 3. 倍数表达法（略，参见“数词考点归纳6”）。
①Ten years ago the population of our village was _________ that of theirs. （08陕西） A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as much as D. as twice much as ②I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times __________. （08浙江） A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many but it costs almost three times as much as that one.

75 4. 两者当中的比较用of短语作比较范围时，比较级前通常要加定冠词the。
①Of the two coats, I’d choose the __________ one to spare some money for a book. （07四川） A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 5. 表示A不如B时： A＋谓语＋less＋形容词、副词（原形）＋than＋B。 我承认我不如你帅。 这本书不如那本书有趣。 ①Alan is a careful driver, but he drives __________ of my friends. （07上海） A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully I admit that I am less handsome than you. This book is less interesting than that one.

76 6. “The more..., the more.... ” 越…就越…,该句型中，可以用任何比较级代替more。
他工作越努力就越开心。 你吃的越多就越胖。 7. 比较级＋比较级 越来越… Mr. Luo变得越来越胖了。 昆明变得越来越漂亮了。 The harder he works, the happier he is. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. Mr. Luo is becoming fatter and fatter. Kunming is becoming more and more beautiful.

77 8. one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词，最…之一
他是我们学校最高的学生之一。 这是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。 9. 几个短语的辨析 no more than, “不过，仅仅” ＝only, 表示“少”； not more than, “最多, 至多”, ＝at （the） most。 我们这个星期只学了20个单词。 最多不过100人参加了这次会议。 He is one of the tallest students in our school. This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. We have learnt no more than 20 words this week. Not more than 100 people attended the meeting.

78 no less than，“有…之多”＝as many as, 表示“多”；
not less than，“不少于”＝not fewer than。 那个孩子口袋里竟然有100美元。 在事故中受伤的不少于10人。 more… than… “与其说…倒不如说…” 与其说他是作家还不如说他是一位诗人。 与其说Peter聪明还不如说他勤奋。 more than “不仅仅”；“超过” 鲁迅不仅仅是一个伟大的作家。 有200多个记者采访了这次会议。 The child has no less than 100 dollars in his pocket. Not less than 10 people were injured in the accident. He is more a poet than a writer. Peter is more hardworking than clever. Lu Xun was more than a great writer. More than 200 reporters covered the conference.

79 10. 修饰比较级的词： a lot, a little, a bit, a great deal, many, much, even, any, still, no, rather等。very, so, as, quite等一般修饰形容词、副词的原形。 ①After two years’ research, we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease. （07全国II） A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite ②You’re driving too fast. Can you drive _________?（08全国I） A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more a bit

80 11. 现在分词和过去分词用作形容词的区别： 现在分词通常用来修饰“事物”，说明主语的性质、特征；过去分词通常用来修饰“人”，说明主语所处的状态。修饰人的表情、神色常用过去分词。 ①Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________. （重庆卷） A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry ②It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely ________ the reader. A. interested; interest       B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest　　 ③--I’m very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. --Mm, it does have a ________ smell. （北京卷） A. pleasant; pleased    B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant     D. pleased; pleasant

81 12. 比较级用在否定句中表达最高级的含义： ①How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ________ than hers. This is the best voice I’ve ever heard. （NMET’96） A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice ②Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________ IQ. （02全国） A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest ③Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard _________ before. （06 全国II） A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one

82 13. 暗含比较的考查： ①Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ one. （07全国II） A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known ②The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _______ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. （07江西） A. good B. better C. best D. well ③Work gets done _______ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. （07浙江） A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier