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Fluid Therapy 鐘國慶 醫師.

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Presentation on theme: "Fluid Therapy 鐘國慶 醫師."— Presentation transcript:

1 Fluid Therapy 鐘國慶 醫師

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4 Introduction Total body fluid 1/3 2/3
1/ /3 Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid 1/ /3 plasma interstitial fluid

5 體液約佔人體體重的60-75%,其中分成: 細胞外液及細胞內液 細胞內液(ICF):約佔體重的50%(2/3)細胞外液(ICF):約佔體重的25%(1/3) ,其中5%為血漿,15%為間質液。

6 ECF 60% of body weight ECF 45% of body weight ICF 42% of body weight
Total body water = 80% of body weight ICF 20% of body weight ECF 60% of body weight 32 weeks gestation Total body water = 78% of body weight Term ICF 33% of body weight ECF 45% of body weight Total body water = 67% of body weight ICF 42% of body weight ECF 25% of body weight 3 months

7 Fluid therapy Maintenance Deficit replacement ( Dehydration)
Supplement replacement of ongoing loss Special hydration

8 輸液治療計算原則 輸液補充可分為三部份: 1.維持生理需求液量. 2.補充已經發生的缺失. 3.補充繼續留失量.

9 體液需要量計算 臨床上最常用的是依體重計算: <10kg 每公斤每天給100ml水份 10-20kg 超過10 kg部份,每公

10 輸液治療原則和緊急輸液治療 1. 先測量病患體重 2. 一般狀況下在患者沒有尿量時,切勿 在輸液中加鉀離子.
1.  先測量病患體重 2.  一般狀況下在患者沒有尿量時,切勿 在輸液中加鉀離子. 3.  若輸液治療有效,可見有適當尿液量 、正常的血液循環和體重恢復. 4.晶質溶液如N/S、L/R可暫時擴充血管 內容量 .

11 輸液治療原則和緊急輸液治療 5.膠質溶液如Albumin、FFP可以把細胞 內及組織內的水分帶至血管內,使容 量增加.
6.低容性休克時,選擇晶質溶液20ml/Kg 快速輸注. 7.評估病人的膚色、體溫、脈搏、意識 狀態及尿量決定治療的反應.

12 Maintenance Therapy Including water loss from Feces: negligible
Insensible losses ( 1/3) : 400 cc/m2 BSA -- pulmonary loss ( 1/3) -- cutaneous loss ( 2/3) Urine loss (2/3)

13 Increased insensible loss
 Activity Fever ( 1 C -->  12 % )  vapor tension in the environment Hyperventilation ( asthma, DKA) Low or very low birth weight infant (by cutaneous) Phototherapy ( 15-20% by one direction)

14 Urine water requirement
Concentration ability ADH deficiency -- CNS trauma, neoplasm Solute load -- DM, mannitol, radiocontrast, electrolyte

15 If urinary water loss is abnormal, maintenance fluid therapy should be adjusted according to insensible water loss + urinary output

16 Maintenance therapy Holliday-Segar method first 10 kg 100 ml/kg
second 10 kg ml/kg each additional kg 20 ml/kg Na meq/kg/day K meq/kg/day Cl meq/kg/day

17 Deficit therapy Fluid deficit(L)=pre-illness weight(kg)-illness weight(kg) % dehydration= Fluid deficit(L)/ pre-illness weight(kg) x 100%

18 Q1: 8 y/o children with BW 25 kg

19 Q1: 8 y/o children with BW 25 kg
Ans: 10 x x x 20 = 1600 ( ml)

20 Clinical observation of Dehydration
skin turgor skin touch buccal musoca eyes crying , tears fontanelle CNS Pulse Urine out put 3-5% mild normal moist present flat consolable regular 6-10% moderate tenting dry deep set reduced soft irritable slightly  decreased 11-15% severe none clammy parched sunken lethargic increased anuric

21 Lab findings of dehydration
Hemoconcentration Electrolyte: Na depends on types K: acidosis, renal function  K: alkalosis, pyloric stenosis HCO3-: acidosis: severe diarrhea alkalosis: vomiting, NG drainage BUN increased U/R: specific gravity> 1.020 hyaline and granular cast, WBC, RBC, proteinuria mg/dl

22 低體液量休克 1) 臨床症狀: 因體液流失而造成全身灌流量不足, 血壓降低, 心跳加快, 體表溫度降低, 意識改變, 尿量減少, 多重器官衰竭. 2) 處理原則: 矯正體液不足的情形, 視情況給予低張, 等張或高張電解質液.

23 低體液量休克 3) 輸液治療方針: (i)在5-20 分鐘內, 給予20cc/kg crystalloid
(0.9% NaCl, lactated Ringer's solution or D5NS), 視情況, 可多次給予 ( 最高可到 80cc/kg ) . (ii)對新生兒而言, O型全血 ( 提供血量, 氧氣 攜帶能力, colloid ) 為首選, 其次依序為 FFP, 5% albumin, 0.9% NaCl 可在5-10分鐘內給予 10cc/kg, 若無改善可再重複.

24 低體液量休克 (iii) 在情況穩定後, 視脫水性質而給予 適當濃度電解質液: 低張性脫水(Na<130mEq/L): 在休
克症狀控制後, 算出實際體液及電 解質缺損量, 在前八小時補充一半 量, 後十六小時補充另一半量. (iv) 低張, 等張或高張電解質液的補充則 同前所述之”脫水”部份

25 出血性休克 (1) 臨床症狀: 因出血而造成全身灌流量不足, 血壓降低, 心
跳加快, 體表溫度降低, 意識改變, 尿量減少, 多重器官衰竭. (2) 處理原則: (i)    矯正血量不足的情形, 先給予等張電解 質液治療. (ii)   輸血以補足流失之血量. (iii)補充凝血因子及血小板缺損.

26 出血性休克 (3) 輸液治療方針: (I) 在5-20 分鐘內, 20cc/kg crystalloid (0.9%
NS or lactated Ringer‘s solution),可多次 給予( 最高可到 80cc/kg ). (ii) 對新生兒而言, O型全血 ( 提供血量, 氧氣 攜帶能力, colloid ) 為首選, 其次依序為 FFP, 5% albumin, 0.9% NaCl可在5-10分鐘 內給予10cc/kg, 若無改善可再重複. 若大量 失血造成凝血因子及血小板缺損, 則給予血 漿(10cc/kg, 如果必要可q6-8hr給)及血小板 (0.3unit/kg).

27 出血性休克 (iii) 給予適當血型或O型之全血 ( 最高可 到 80cc/kg ), 濃厚紅血球液.
(iv) 補充凝血因子及血小板缺損, 給予血 漿(10cc/kg, 如果必要可q6-8hr給)及 血小板(0.3unit/kg).

28 敗血性休克 (1) 臨床症狀: 因感染而造成瀰散性血管內出 血, 使血流分佈異常, 造成全身 灌流量不足, 血壓降低, 心跳加
快, 體表溫度降低, 意識改變, 尿量減少, 多重器官衰竭。

29 敗血性休克 (2) 處理原則: (I) 矯正preload 不足情況, 先給予等張 溶液治療. (ii) 給予升壓劑, 治療敗血症本身.
(iii) 補充凝血因子及血小板缺損, 給予血 漿, 血小板.

30 敗血性休克 (3) 輸液治療方針: (I)在5-20 分鐘內, 20cc/kg crystalloid (0.9% NaCl or
lactated Ringer‘s solution), 可多次給予( 最高可到 80cc/kg ). (ii)補充凝血因子及血小板缺損, 給予血漿(10cc/kg, 如 果必要可q6-8hr給)及血小板(0.3unit/kg). (iii)新生兒而言, O型全血 ( 提供血量, 氧氣攜帶能力, colloid ) 在5-10分鐘內徐緩給予10cc/kg 若無改善可 再重複至20cc/kg, 給予血漿(10cc/kg, 如果必要可q6- 8hr給)及血小板(0.3unit/kg), 以補充凝血因子及血小板 缺損. (iv) Dopamine (5-20ug/kg/min), Dobutamine (5-20ug/kg/min), Epinephrine (0.1-1ug/kg/min)

31 Types of dehydration Hypotonic ( Na < 130 meq/L)
excess Na loss, water ECF--> ICF (135-Na) x kg x 0.6 (mEq Na+) Isotonic ( Na meq/L) No shift Hypertonic ( Na > 150 meq/L) Free water loss, water ICF --> ECF ( Na-145) x 4 cc/kg x kg (free water loss)

32 Types of dehydration from ECF and ICF compartments
Duration Deficit form ECF Deficit from ICF < 3 days % % > 3 days 60% % Na 145 meq K 150 meq

33 How to choose fluid 3 % NaCl 0.5 meq/cc Na 10% Ca gluconate
0.22 % GS 0.33 % GS 0.45 % GS 0.90 % GS 7% NaHCO3 15% KCl 0.5 meq/cc Na 0.45 meq/cc Ca 38 meq /L Na 56 meq /L 77 meq /L 154 meq /L 0.85 meq/ cc OH- 2 meq/c.c K

34 Q.A : 7 kg infant with 10% dehydration, 4 Ds Na 137

35 H2O Na K maintenance 700 21 14 deficit 700 60% ECF 420 61
40% ICF 24 hours total 1 st 8 hours /3 mt + 1/2 def (Na 65 meq/L=0.42NS) next 16 hours /3 mt + 1/2 def (Na 54 meq/L=0.35NS)

36 Q.B : 7 kg infant with 10% dehydration 4 Ds Na 115

37 excess Na deficit(135-115)x0.6x7kg 84 24 hours total 1400 166 56
H2O Na K maintenance deficit 60% ECF 40% ICF excess Na deficit( )x0.6x7kg 84 24 hours total 1 st 8 hours 1/3 mt + 1/2 def (Na 137 meq/L=0.89 NS) next 16 hours 2/3 mt + 1/2 def (Na 105 meq/L=0.68NS)

38 Q.C : 7 kg infant with 10% dehydration 4 Ds Na 155

39 H2O Na K maintenance deficit free water( )x4ml/kgx7kg Solutes fluid 60% ECF x 420=252;0.252x145= 420 37 40% ICF x 420=168; x150= 24 hours total 1 st 24hours 24 hrs mtx + 1/2 FW def solute fluid (Na 46 meq/L=0.3NS)

40 Thanks for your attention


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