Unit Four Entertainment.

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1 Unit Four Entertainment

2 Cultural Background or Related Information
Recreations are an important part of people’s life. we can not live without entertainment because we are different from the machine. We cannot work all the time without having rest or recreation. With the development of the society, people have more and more kinds of entertainment, such as watching television, listening to music, playing computer games, taking part in all sorts of sports and traveling in the world. It goes without saying that modern technology brings us a lot of low- cost, efficient entertainment.

3 High-tech ways of recreation greatly attract modern people.
More and more people from all walks of life feel so pressured that they turn to modern technology to provide convenient, time-saving and fresh entertainment; while fewer and fewer people choose to play jigsaws or make some beautiful handicrafts, which can enlarge their imaginations and make them more creative in their spare time.

4 Many people now fully enjoy the entertainment devices,
such as TV, MP3 or Internet games; they spend much time on them. They become addicted to entertainment. Those addicted to amusement lose their desire to think critically. They don’t like to show initiative and be creative in their lives any longer. Thus, people’s addiction to entertainment may produce a society in which people become more and more passive towards life.

5 Listening and Speaking
Part One Listening and Speaking ♫ Listening ☺Speaking

6 Listening Scripts and Keys Activity 1 True or False
Directions: Listen to the passage and then decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True, F for False or N for Not Mentioned in the spaces provided.

7 One day, White decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Christian in a small village. He went into her house and she told him to sit down. After White had given her some money, she looked into a glass ball and said, “A relative of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave my house, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. That’s all.” As soon as White went outside, he forgot all about Madam Christian because his wife hurried towards him. “Where have you been hiding?” she asked impatiently. “Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already.” As she walked away, White followed her out of the village.

8 T 1. Madam Christian lived in a small village.
N 2. Madam Christian liked to help those poor villagers. F 3. White’s brother was coming to see him. T 4. White’s wife urged him to leave for the station. N 5. White never believed any fortune-teller.

9 Activity 2 Conversations
Directions: In this part you will hear 5 conversations. Listen carefully and fill in each of the following blanks with the word you hear.

10 Conversation 1 A: How old were you when you began playing basketball (1)? B: I began playing basketball when I was five. A: Who taught you to play? B: My father. A: What are the important factors (2) in playing the game? B: Confidence, lots of practice, and teamwork.

11 Conversation 2 A: What is the use of spelling as long as I can speak?
B: Speaking is only oral communication (3). Reading and writing are equally important. A: Did you work hard? B: I did, and now I’m glad I did. A: I always mean to, but I just can’t. B: I know it is more fun to play, but learning (4) can be fun if you really get into it.

12 Conversation 3 A: I haven’t seen Mary recently (5). B: She is so busy.
A: How is she doing now? B: She had a collection (6) of books published last month, and now she is trying to write a novel about the automobile industry. A: She is really something. B: Yes, she is.

13 Conversation 4 A: The class did very well in the exam.
B: Good! At last you’ve finished reading those exam papers. You look so pleased. A: Certainly. Do you remember (7) that young girl, the one who nearly failed my course last year? B: Of course! I thought she was very amusing. A: She is intelligent, in any case. But last year she did very little work. So I told her she had to work harder. B: I see. The problem student has made some progresses (8).

14 Conversation 5 A: Hello. Could I speak to Mandy, please?
B: This is Mandy speaking. A: Hi, Mandy, good evening. This is Ford here. I wonder (9) if you’d like to come to a party on Friday? B: That sounds nice. A: It’ll be held in the country (10) cottage at about 8:30. B: Thank you. See you then. A: See you.

15 Activity 3 Passage Directions: In this part there is only one passage. Listen to the passage twice and then complete the chart with the information you hear.

16 ‘ Herb Ritts was a well-known photographer in the 80’s and 90’s and he died yesterday in a Los Angeles hospital. He was 50 years old and a native of Los Angeles. The cause of his death was complications from pneumonia. Born in Los Angeles in 1952, Mr. Ritts grew up in a wealthy family that owned a furniture business. After graduating from Bard College in New York with a degree in Economics in 1975, he returned to Los Angeles to work for his family’s company. Then he started taking adult-education classes in photography. One day in 1979, while waiting for a tire to be changed, he took pictures of a young actor friend he was driving around with. The actor was Richard Gere, and the pictures, ultimately published in various national magazines, served as the turning point for Mr. Ritts’s career as a portrait photographer. BACK

17 Death (Age) Death (Reason) 50 (1) Pneumonia Place of Birth Year of Birth Los Angeles 1952 (2) Graduated from Bard College Year: 1975 (3) Place: New York Major: Economics (4) The First Picture Taken (Year) The Career of the Person in the First Picture 1979 actor (5)

18 Speaking Activity 1 Samples
—— I think there are several factors that lead to the different reactions, such as one’s personality,education and knowledge of the world and cultural backgrounds. —— Some people are more sensitive to humor. They are very imaginative, and they enjoy jokes. —— Sometimes people cannot understand the humor because of the cultural barrier. Chinese people all like crosstalk very much. But even though they understand Chinese, many foreigners cannot enjoy it, because they are lack of the common cultural background. —— One key point is the language. Sometimes when a foreign teacher tells a joke, the students cannot understand it because of some unfamiliar words.

19 Activity 2 Samples —— My favorite holiday is the Lantern Festival. During that day, many kinds of delicate and beautiful lanterns are exhibited and red lanterns can be seen everywhere. Every family eats Yuanxiao, a kind of rice ball filled with bean paste and sugar. It is the symbol of family reunion and happiness. —— My favorite holiday is Christmas. I have many foreign friends. On that day, we will wrap up our gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree. We will sit down to a big turkey dinner. After that, we will exchange our gifts and good wishes. —— My favorite holiday is April Fool’s Day. It is a day when people play embarrassing tricks on their friends and colleagues. We even can play tricks on our teachers. —— My favorite holiday is the Spring Festival. It is time for us to take a complete rest after a whole year’s hard work. We will have a big meal, set off fireworks, and watch the New Year’s programs on CCTV. It is one of the most important days in China.

20 Part Two Reading Elements Text A Text B

21 Lead-in Activity: Discussion
Activity 1 Word Association key activity, absorb, pursuit, excite, praise, applaud, clap, congratulate, audience, spectator, interest, interesting, zest, zeal, zealous, passion, passionate, keen, crazy, enthusiasm, enthusiastic Activity 2 Talking about Internet Dating Answers are open.

22 Reading Language Focus
1. It was reported in a research paper that ancient people used to spend 60 percent of their time on forms of entertainment such as story telling and dressing-up. (Para. 1) it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。that可以引导主语从句，在句中用作主语，但通常置于句尾，而用it置于句首充当其形式主语。例如： ◆ It is very important that we should get up earlier and do morning exercises. 我们有必要起得早一些，做做广播体操。 ◆ It is unbelievable that the boy might have stolen the money and fled. 真是难以相信这个男孩会偷了钱逃跑。 动词spend表示“花费”，通常有两种结构：spend on sth.和spend (on) doing sth.。例如： ◆ He doesn’t spend much time on his homework. 他花在作业上的时间不多。 ◆ Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college. 现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造。

23 2. With the development of society, people have created more and more kinds of entertainment, such as listening to music, playing cards, seeing movies, singing and dancing, and watching television. (Para. 2) 介词with表示“随着”。例如： ◆ We grow older with the hours. 我们随时光流逝而长大。 ◆ With the advent of the rockets, the Space Age began. 随着火箭的出现，太空时代开始了。 more and more是固定词组，表示“越来越”。例如： ◆ The questions get more and more difficult. 问题变得越来越难了。 ◆ I seem to spend more and more on food every week. 我每周花在食物上的钱似乎越来越多了。

24 such as是固定短语，表示“例如”，后面跟了几个结构一致的动名词短语。注意：句子中的同等成分应该在结构上保持一致，否则会使句子失去平衡和协调。例如：
◆ Collecting stamps, playing chess and catching butterflies are Mary’s hobbies. 集邮、下棋和捉蝴蝶是玛丽的爱好。 ◆ He had a chance to invest wisely, establish his position, and display his ability as an executive. 作为一名经理，他有机会明智地投资、确立自己的地位和 展现自己的能力。

25 3. Cell phones, computers, and PDAs now come with games as standard equipment. (Para. 2)
◆ Happiness doesn’t always come with money. 幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。 ◆ Buying a bunch of flowers always comes with free packing. 买一束花总是给予免费包装的。

26 4. In fact, there is little about life in the United States that is not influenced by entertainment. (Para. 2) that is … entertainment是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词life。in fact是固定短语，表示“事实上”。例如： ◆ I said it was Tuesday, but in fact it was Monday. 我说那天是星期二，实际上是星期一。 ◆ Officially he is in charge, but in fact his secretary does all the work. 名义上他在负责，事实上所有工作都是他的秘书做的。 修饰不可数名词的不定代词little意为“很少”(意思接近no)；而另一个类似的不定代词a little意为“有些，一点”(意思接近some)。例如： ◆ He could get little help from them. 他从他们那里得不到什么帮助。 ◆ She had a little conversation with me. 她和我谈了一会儿话。

27 5. Laura Bush, the First Lady of the United States, once told a Moscow audience during her trip to Russia that she believed many American children were addicted to television. (Para. 3) 这是一个复合句，during her trip to Russia是介词短语用作句子的时间状语，that she believed … much是谓语动词told的直接宾语。英语中有一些双宾动词的后面跟名词或代词作间接宾语，而用that引导的从句做直接宾语。例如： ◆ He notified us that he was coming here on a visit. 他通知我们他即将来此访问。 ◆ He warned us that the roads were icy. 他警告我们道路上结了冰。

28 the First Lady of the United States意为“美国第一夫人”，是名词词组用作同位语，是对前面名词的进一步说明。名词词组可用作同位语。例如：
◆ This is Mr. Johnson, Director of the Health Centre. 这是约翰逊先生，医疗中心的主任。 ◆ They are going to visit Qingdao, a summer resort in northern China. 他们准备访问中国北方的避暑胜地青岛。 be addicted to意为“沉溺于”。例如： ◆ He was addicted to computer games. 他热衷于电脑游戏。 ◆ He became addicted to the drug. 他沉溺于毒品。

29 6. What the First Lady said holds some truth. (Para. 4)
what … said是关系代词what引导的主语从句。关系代词what可引导主语从句。例如： ◆ What he said was perfectly true. 他讲的都是事实。

30 7. In fact, television, as one of the most popular means of entertainment, is only the delivery system for a much more common addiction. (Para. 4) more common是形容词比较级形式，much表示“更加”，是表示程度的副词，用作状语。形容词比较级前面可加表示程度的副词。名词means意思是“手段，工具”，其单复数同形。例如： ◆ The plane is the quickest means of travel. 最快的交通工具是飞机。 ◆ There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication. 毫无疑问,收音机和电视是信息交流的重要工具。

31 8. However, it appeals not only to children, but also to adults, which shows that American society is now filled with the great force — entertainment. (Para. 4) appeal to是固定搭配，表示“感兴趣，吸引”。例如： ◆ She appeals to me. 我对她感兴趣。 ◆ Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you? 你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作? which shows … entertainment是非限制性定语从句，这里关系代词which不是指某一个名词，而代表前面整个句子。例如： ◆ He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他从没见到过她，这是不真实的。 ◆ Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车太快，这是很危险的。

32 9. Americans have electronic diversions through television and computer as well. (Para. 5)
◆ I’m going to New York and my brother’s coming as well. 我要去纽约，我弟弟也要去。 ◆ We’ll visit Linying Temple and Huagang Park as well. 我们将游览灵隐和花港公园。

33 10. The Internet, which helped open up the information age, is now mainly used for amusement — much of which is improper. (Para. 5) much of which is improper是关系代词which和介词of一起引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词amusement。which可以和介词of一起引导非限制性定语从句。例如： ◆ The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 多数公共汽车已经挤满了人，周围是一群愤怒的群众。 ◆ I picked up the peaches, some of which were badly bruised. 我捡起那些桃子，其中有些已经碰伤了。

34 11. Movies are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year via cable. (Para. 5)
◆ I sent the letter via airmail so that he would receive it earlier. 我通过航空邮寄这封信以便他能早点收到。 ◆ I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

35 12. I was treated to an NBA game this past season. (Para. 6)
treat常与to连用，表示“请客，款待”。例如： ◆ I treated her sister to the theater. 我请她妹妹去看戏。 ◆ No, no, put your money away; let me treat you! 不，不，你把钱收起来，我请你！

36 13. During breaks in the action there were contests, souvenir give-aways, dancing girls, and video replays. (Para. 6) give-aways是合成名词，多数合成词变复数是直接在末尾加-s。例如： make-ups (化妆)；try-outs (试用)；living-rooms (起居室)；grown-ups (成人)

37 14. In a way, even politics is now controlled by entertainment. (Para
◆ I like the new styles, in a way. 某种程度上我喜欢这些新款式。 ◆ In a way, you’re right. 从某种程度上看你是对的。

38 15. A candidate’s image has become more important than a political principle. (Para. 7)
more … than表示“比……更……”，在两者相比较时，要用连词than。例如： ◆ Facts are more eloquent than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 ◆ Charles was more amiable than his predecessor. 查尔斯比他的前任更和蔼可亲。

39 16. Televised debates are nothing more than rehearsed programs. (Para
televised和rehearsed都是过去分词用作前置定语，分别修饰debates和programs。过去分词可用作前置定语。例如： ◆ She is the daughter of a retired professor. 她是一位退休教授的女儿。 ◆ This is one of our required subjects. 这是我们的必修课之一。

40 17. A political expert recently said that a particular individual would make a good candidate if he makes the public feel good. (Para. 7) if he makes … good是连词if引导的条件状语从句。

41 18. The church is even being affected by society’s need to be entertained. (Para. 8)
to be entertained是动词不定式用作定语，修饰need。动词不定式可用作定语，通常置于所修饰词之后。例如： ◆ It is a device to test lung function. 这是一台测试肺功能的装置。 ◆ This is a foolish attitude to take. 采取这样的态度是愚蠢的。

42 19. Many who come to worship now hope to hear music and humor in church. (Para. 8)
◆ Many voted against the plan. 很多人投票反对这个计划。 ◆ Many of us were too tired to go further. 我们中的很多人太累不能再往前走。 who come to worship是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰many。关系代词who可代表人，引导定语从句。例如： ◆ That’s the man who came to our house yesterday. 他就是昨天到我们家来的人。 ◆ The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。

43 20. There is little in American society that hasn’t been affected by the entertainment addiction. (Para. 9) 不定代词little意为“很少”，含有否定意义，that hasn’t … addiction是that引导的定语从句，修饰little，that在从句中用作主语。that在从句中用作主语不能省略，而作宾语时，常可省略。例如： ◆ It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。 ◆ Those books (that) you lent me were very useful. 你借给我的那些书很有用。

44 21. It seems that we would rather watch reality on television than experience it first-hand. (Para. 9) would rather … than是英语中的一个特殊的表达方式，意为“宁愿……而不愿”。例如： ◆ We would rather rent the house than buy it. 我们更愿意租下这幢房子，而不是买下它。 ◆ He would rather resign than take part in such a dishonest transaction. 他宁愿辞职也不愿意参加这样一桩欺骗的交易。

45 22. Those addicted to amusement lose their desire to think critically
22. Those addicted to amusement lose their desire to think critically. (Para. 10) addicted to amusement是过去分词短语用作后置定语，修饰those。过去分词可用作后置定语。例如： ◆ They imported many cars manufactured in Japan. 他们进口了大量日本制造的汽车。 ◆ She is a dancer trained in our college. 她是我们大学培养的舞蹈演员。 to think critically是不定式用作定语修饰desire。不定式可用作定语。例如： ◆ She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这主意的人。 ◆ I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。

46 23. Emotion, rather than fact, becomes very important to those addicted to entertainment. (Para. 10)
◆ It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me. 让我生气的不是他所说的话，而是他话中的意思。 ◆ The decision was taken for political rather than military reason. 作出这个决定与其说出于军事原因，不如说出于政治需要。

47 24. Hence, those obsessed with entertainment desire more and more fantastic amusement. (Para. 11)
◆ She is obsessed with the desire to become a great scientist. 她一心想当一名伟大的科学家。 ◆ She’s obsessed by the thought of another war. 她被另一场战争的想法所困扰。

48 25. In the end, people become more excited. (Para. 11)
◆ She tried several times to pass the exam, and in the end she succeeded. 她努力了几次要通过考试，最后终于成功了。 ◆ In the end, we stay at home and look after everything. 最后，我们还是待在家里照看着一切。

49 26. The attention span is greatly reduced because of addiction. (Para

50 27. The entertainment addict is not only easily bored and distracted, but also has difficulty keeping relevant information for a very long period of time. (Para. 12) have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做……有困难”。例如： ◆ I have difficulty (in) solving this maths problem. 我解答这个数学题有困难。 ◆ The old man seemed to have difficulty (in) walking. 这位老人似乎走路有困难。

51 28. Those obsessed with amusement are unable to relate current happenings with history. (Para. 12)
relate … with … 是固定搭配，表示“把……与……联系起来”。例如： ◆ I can’t relate what he does with what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。 ◆ I can’t relate his music with the theme. 我无法把他的音乐与主题联系起来。

52 29. A society addicted to entertainment is made of individuals whose obsession is their own pleasure. (Para. 13) whose obsession … pleasure是whose引导的定语从句，关系代词whose表示“……的”的意思，后面必须带名词。例如： ◆ The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. 那个窗户破了的房子没人住。 ◆ The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it. 那个雨伞被你拿走的女人对此很生气。

53 30. Once a people lose the desire to pursue life and to think critically, once a society fails to recognize the realities and once these realities become the rule rather than the exception, a society is in danger. (Para. 13) once a people … exception是三个由连词once引导的状语从句。两个及两个以上的并列从句，应当保持其结构上的平行。例如： ◆ Collecting coins was his favorite pastime, but listening to music also gave him great pleasure. 收集硬币是他喜爱的娱乐，但听音乐也给他带来了极大的 乐趣。 ◆ Jean had not realized how long the magazine was or how difficult it was to read. 简没有意识到这本杂志有多长或者阅读它有多难。

54 31. However, America has crossed the line of moderation and is plunging into addiction. (Para. 14)
plunge into是固定词组，表示“投入”。例如： ◆ The students plunged into their examinations. 学生们全神贯注在考试上。 ◆ He plunged into the water to save the child. 他跳入水中去救小孩。 the line of moderation表示“适度的界线” 。

55 Translation of Text A 对娱乐的过度迷恋 娱乐消遣是人类生活的必需，谁都离不开它。一项研究表
明，古代人约60%的时间花在娱乐上，例如讲故事、化妆等。英 文中有句谚语：“只学习不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。 “随着社会的发展，人们的消遣方式也越来越多，例如听音 乐、打牌、看电影、唱歌、跳舞、看电视，等等。袖珍游戏机、 随身听、DVD光盘都可以随时随地为人们提供快乐。现在的手机、 计算机及掌上电脑也都把游戏作为标准配件。事实上，在美国， 人们的生活几乎无一例外地受到娱乐的影响。 美国第一夫人劳拉· 布什在出访俄罗斯时，曾告诉莫斯科 的听众，她相信许多美国孩子都很迷恋电视。 第一夫人所言只说对了一部分。事实上，作为最受欢迎的娱 乐方式之一，电视只是一个更为普遍的瘾源的传递系统。但是它 不仅吸引了孩子们，还有成年人。这表明，现在的美国社会充斥 着一股强大的力量——娱乐。

56 美国人可以通过电视和电脑享受电子娱乐。互联网帮助开
启了信息时代，现在却主要用作娱乐，而且大多数内容不健 康。有了电缆，人们可以一年365天全天候欣赏电影。 甚至连职业运动也受到了美国娱乐成瘾的影响。我应邀观 看了刚刚结束的美国职业篮球联赛这一赛季的比赛。在那里， 我遇到了无休止的娱乐。比赛中场休息时，现场竞猜，发放纪 念品，女子啦啦队，视频重放，场面令人眼花缭乱。 甚至政治在某种程度上也会受娱乐控制。与其政治立场相 比，候选人的形象变得愈发重要。电视辩论也不过是排练过的 节目而已。最近，一位政治专家称： 如果一个人可以让公众 感觉良好，那他就是一位好的候选人。 甚至教堂也因社会对娱乐的需要而受到影响。许多来教堂 祷告的人希望在教堂中可以听到音乐和幽默笑话。 美国社会娱乐成风，几乎没有不受影响的地方。对娱乐的 过分迷恋使得美国人对生活表现得越来越消极，人们似乎宁愿 收看电视纪录片也不想去亲身经历。

57 娱乐的存在是为了唤起观众的情感。过分迷恋娱乐的人
不会去批判地思考。对于他们来说，情感比事实更重要。 上瘾在本质上也是与日俱增的。也就是说，上瘾的人的欲望永无止境。因此，那些迷恋娱乐的人会不断追求更多奇妙的 消遣方式，最终变得愈发不可遏制。 由于迷恋很多事物，人们注意力集中的时间长度大大缩 短。对各种娱乐的迷恋既容易厌倦和分心，也很难长时间记住相关信息。过分迷恋娱乐使得人们无法将现在发生的事情与历史联系起来。因此，当前的事件变成了一些微不足道的记忆碎片。 一个沉迷于娱乐消遣的社会是由沉溺于各自乐趣的个体组成的。一旦一个民族不再有追求生活的欲望、不再批判地思 考，一旦社会无法认清现实，一旦这些现实变成常规而非例 外，那么这个社会就岌岌可危了。 生活中的很多事情，只要适度，都并非绝对是消极的。娱 乐就是其中之一。然而，美国已经超过了这个度，并已上瘾成 性。用纽约大学尼尔· 伯斯曼的话来说，我们似乎想要“娱乐到死”。

58 Exercises Understanding the Text Reading Comprehension
第一句和第八段的第一句。 7. 答案：A。解析：参照课文第十四段第三句和第四 句。 8. 答案：C。解析：通读全文中可以推断出作者对娱 乐过度迷恋持反对观点。

59 Language Power Building Word Focus Column Matching
Facts and Opinions 1. O 2. F 3. O 4. F 5. O Language Power Building Word Focus Column Matching 1. appeal H. 吸引 2. exception K. 例外 3. relevant D. 相关的 4. reduce J. 减小 5. critically A. 批判地

60 6. dizzy G. 眩晕 7. addict C. 对……入迷的人 8. entertainment L. 娱乐 9. provide E. 供给 10. available N. 可用的 11. portable I. 轻便的 12. audience B. 听众 13. design F. 设计 14. expert O. 专家 15. particular M. 独特的

61 Multiple-choice 1．答案：B. exception。
解析：exception：除，不计；exhibition：展览；except： 除……之外；reception：接待。 2．答案：D. to。 解析：be relevant to sth.表示“与……有关” 。其他选项不能与 relevant搭配 。 3．答案：B. portable。 解析：portable：便携式的；likely：可能的；daily：每日的； tender：柔弱的。 4．答案：C. reduce。 解析：reduce：减少；drop：落下；cut：削减；decrease： 下降。 5．答案：A. available。 解析：available：可利用的；favorite：被喜爱的，受欢迎 的；accessible：易接近的；convenient：方便的。

62 6．答案：A. avoided。 解析：avoid：避免；conquer：征服；defeat：击败； ignore：忽略。 7．答案：A. to。 解析：be addicted to时固定结构，表示“沉溺于……”。 8．答案：C. by nature。 解析：by nature：生来；or else：否则；in the end：最 后；now and then：偶尔。 9．答案：C. influenced。 解析：influence：影响；determine：决定；perform：执 行；effect：产生。 10．答案：D. offer。 解析：offer：提供；desire：期望；afford：付得起； receive：收到。

63 11．答案：B. appeals。 解析：appeal to：对……有吸引力；bring：带来；refer： 提及；regard：当作。 12．答案：B. dealing。 解析：have difficulty doing sth.是固定结构，表示“做某事 有困难”。 13．答案：C. in danger。 解析：in danger：处于危险中；at risk：冒险；in the end 最终；in short：简而言之。 14．答案：B. informed。 解析：inform：获悉；advise：建议；disagree：反对； satisfy：满足。 15．答案：D. professional。 解析：professional：职业的；reasonable：合理的； suitable：适当的；obvious：明显的。

64 Sentence Emphasis Sentence Development
1. I won’t go with you until I finish my homework. 2. As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 3. They started out early, so that they would not miss the train. 4. I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money. 5. Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 6. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 7. No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I am busy. 8. The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed. 9. I didn’t buy that dress because it was too expensive. 10.When you cross a main road, you must be careful.

65 Sentence Completion 1．答案：B. which。 解析：which引导非限制性定语从句。 2．答案：B. What。
3．答案：C. There are。 解析：这是there be句型，表示“存在有” 。 4．答案：D. It。 解析：先行词it作形式主语，真实主语是that引导的主语从句。 5．答案：C. which。 解析：which为关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语。

66 6．答案：C. to be given。 解析：这是不定式的被动形式，作定语，修饰foreigner。 7．答案：B. swim。 解析：rather … than意为“宁愿……而不愿……”， rather和than 后接平行结构 8．答案：C. has been。 解析：谓语动词的单复数形式应当依主语的单复数形式而定。 9．答案：A. learn from。 解析：not only … but (also) …表示“不仅……而且……”，所连 接的两个并列成分必须结构一致。also可省略。 10．答案：B. confused。 解析：confuse表示“混淆”，confused是过去分词用作定语修饰 feelings。

67 Extra Reading Language Focus
1. Nowadays, more and more single people are turning to the Internet for better dating opportunities. (Para. 1) turn to是动词短语，表示“转向”。例如： ◆ Unsuccessful in mathematics, the student turned to biology. 在数学上一无所成，这个学生转而从事生物学的研究。 ◆ In desperation, he turned to alcohol. 他于绝望中借酒浇愁。 dating opportunities表示“约会机会”，dating是现在分词用作定语，修饰opportunities。现在分词可用作定语。例如： ◆ That’s a convincing argument. 这是一个有说服力的论点。 ◆ She found herself in an embarrassing position. 她发现自己处于尴尬的地位。

68 2. For instance, newbies have to learn how to figure out the meaning of such cyber language as :-) and LOL. (Para. 1) how to … LOL是带有连词的动词不定式。动词不定式有时可以和连词how一起使用，表示“怎样……” 。例如： ◆ I shall teach you how to cook. 我将教你怎样做饭。 ◆ He will soon find out how to drive the car. 他不久就能学会开车。

69 3. So, most new Internet chat users first begin as “lurkers” , content to quietly watch others interact. (Para. 1) content to … interact是形容词短语用作状语。形容词短语可用作状语。例如： ◆ The boy nodded, pale and scared. 男孩点点头，脸色苍白，且十分惊恐。 ◆ Greatly disappointed, she decided to leave the place. 她大为失望，决定离开这个地方。

70 4. In the first phase, Internet users feel the excitement of a rapidly deepening relationship. (Para. 2) deepen是形容词deep加后缀-en构成动词，表示“加深” 。类似的词还有：weaken(削弱)；lessen(减少)；darken(使变黑)。 在the excitement of a rapidly deepening relationship中，of是名词所有格形式。英语名词有两种属格：’s属格和of属格，前者主要用于表示有生命事物的名词所有格，后者主要用于表示无生命事物的名词所有格。例如： ◆ The woman over there is Julia and Mary’s mother. 那边那个女人是朱丽叶和玛丽的妈妈。 ◆ The numbers of the unemployed are still increasing. 失业的人数还在增加。

71 5. In the second phase, users commonly try to take things from the virtual to the real but are usually disappointed. (Para. 2) but连接了两个并列的分句，其中为避免重复，省略了第二个分句的主语。动词try的意思是“尝试”，后面常跟动词不定式作宾语。例如： ◆ Shelley attempted to get in touch with them. 雪莱试图和他们联系。 ◆ I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起车。 the virtual和the real都是名词化的形容词词组，其结构为“定冠词＋形容词”，可表示某类事物或品质。例如： ◆ It was quite out of the ordinary for a woman to go to college. 那时女人上大学是很不寻常的。 ◆ This policy is a mixture of the old and the new. 这个政策是新旧结合。

72 6. Online, they are who they say they are, if only for a few hours
6. Online, they are who they say they are, if only for a few hours. (Para. 2) who they say they are是连接代词who引导的表语从句。连接代词who可引导表语从句。例如： ◆ The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。 ◆ The trouble is who would like to go out and buy some soft drinks. 问题是谁愿意出去买饮料。 If表示“即使，虽然”。例如： ◆ It is a handsome， if useless ，trinket. 虽然无用却很漂亮的小饰物。 ◆ You should do some exercise everyday, if only for half an hour or so. 你应该每天锻炼，即使是仅仅半个小时左右。

73 7. However, this escape from reality can ruin a relationship because the fantasy can make them dishonest. (Para. 2) make them dishonest意思是“使他们不诚实”。make可以后接形容词作其宾语补足语。例如： ◆ What made you so sure of yourself? 什么使你这般自信？ ◆ Sit down and make yourself comfortable. 请坐，不要拘束。

74 8. Trish, a friend of mine, once met a man online, and she lied at the beginning of the relationship by understating her own weight by 150 pounds. (Para. 2) at the beginning of是固定词组，表示“……之初，开始”。例如： ◆ I let them make a working schedule at the beginning of the year. 年初的时候我让他们制订一个工作计划。 ◆ You’ll be charged at the beginning of next month. 下个月初开始向你收费。 by doing … 是行为方式状语，表示“通过(做)……”。例如： ◆ She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。 ◆ He saluted her by raising his hat. 他举起帽子向她致意。

75 9. When he asked for her picture a week later, she worried about her lie, and sent a picture of a slimmer woman instead. (Para. 2) ask for是固定词组，表示“要求，索要”。例如： ◆ The hotel guest asked for an extra key card. 这位酒店客人多要了一张钥匙卡。 ◆ I asked for a cup of coffee and some cakes. 我要了一杯咖啡和一些糕点。

76 10. In her mind, however, he would come to accept her physically once he fell in love with her soul. (Para. 2) come to表示“达到某种状态”。例如： ◆ In time you may come to like it. 你最终会喜欢它的。 ◆ This is the kind of behaviour we have come to expect of him. 我们预期他会有那种表现，现在果然应验了。

77 11. She felt confident that her lie would be forgiven if she confessed in person. (Para. 2)
that … forgiven是that引导的状语从句。“be动词或系动词＋形容词”这类结构后面常可跟状语从句。例如： ◆ We are confident that we can overcome these difficulties. 我们有信心克服这些困难。 ◆ She was not certain whether he would come. 她不能肯定他是否会来。 in person是固定词组，表示“亲自”。例如： ◆ You have to apply for the job in person. 你得亲自应聘这份工作。 ◆ I can’t attend the meeting in person, but I am sending someone to speak for me. 我不能亲自出席会议，但我将派人代我发言。

78 12. However, the woman he met was nothing physically like that she had led him to imagine. (Para. 2)
that she … imagine是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词nothing。当先行词是不定代词nothing时，应当用关系代词that而不用which引导定语从句。例如： ◆ There’s nothing that is worth mentioning. 没什么值得一提。 ◆ Nothing (that) I’ve read is about information technology. 我阅读的内容与信息技术无关。 to imagine是不定式短语用作had led的宾语补足语。不定式短语可用作宾语补足语。例如： ◆ What caused him to change his mind? 是什么使他改变主意的？ ◆ This will enable them to get over the difficulty. 这会帮他们克服困难。

79 13. Trish was very angry and blamed society’s focus on beauty, not willing to realize that she had betrayed him. (Para. 2) (not) willing to do表示“（不）愿意做某事”。例如： ◆ Are you willing to help? 你愿意帮忙吗？ ◆ I’m willing to concede that I have hurt her, but that’s not my real intention. 我可以承认我是伤害了她，但那并不是我的本意。

80 14. I know of several couples that met online and are now happily married. (Para. 3)
◆ My brother and his wife are a happy couple. 我弟弟和他的妻子是一对幸福的夫妻。 ◆ The couple decided to spend their vacation in Italy. 这对夫妇决定在意大利度过他们的假期。

81 15. These relationships require work, dedication, and reality, as do real-time-originated relationships. (Para. 3) as引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式，如同……那样”，从句有时可以是省略句。例如： ◆ I have changed it as you suggest. 我已照你的建议作了改动。 ◆ Robbie didn’t feel as she did. 罗比没有她那种感觉。

82 16. Do not readily make your name, address, phone and social security number available online. (Para. 3) your name, … number是名词词组用作make的宾语，available是其宾语补足语。readily是副词，表示“容易地”。例如： ◆ Francis is readily distinguished by his uniform. 弗朗西斯凭他的那身制服，很容易被人认出。 ◆ This type of plug is readily available. 这种型号的插头容易买到。

83 17. Beware of “players”. (Para. 3)
◆ We had to beware of the dog. 我们得当心狗。 ◆ Travelers must beware of fast traffic. 旅行者对快速行驶的车辆必须十分小心。

84 18. So, look for inconsistencies in what they say, or try not to do anything that you are uncomfortable with. (Para. 3) 介词in后面跟了what引导的宾语从句。what引导的宾语从句可作介词的宾语。例如： ◆He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描绘了他看到的情况。 ◆He was not happy at what she had said. 她说的话使他不高兴。

85 连词or连接了look for … say和try to … with这两个并列分句。连词or可连接两个并列分句，表示“否则，要不然，或者”。例如：
◆ Be quick, or you will be late. 快点，不然你会迟到。 ◆ Do not move, or you are a dead man. 不要动，不然要你的命。 that … with是定语从句，修饰先行词something。当先行词是不定代词something、anything时，关系代词用that而不能用which。例如： ◆ There was something that I wanted to show you. 我有一些东西要给你看。 ◆ There is always something that you can do to improve it. 你总是可以做些什么来改善它。

86 19. It is appropriate to remain anonymous online until you establish mutual trust. (Para. 3)
it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to remain … trust。it可代替动词不定式短语作句子的形式主语; remain是系动词，表示“保持”，后面跟形容词用作表语，表示状态的继续。

87 20. Realize that what you see online isn’t the whole picture. (Para. 3)

88 21. Avoid intimate online conversations until later. (Para. 3)
Avoid表示“避免”，后面通常跟名词或动词-ing形式。例如： ◆ I try to avoid illness with rest and a balanced diet. 我尝试以休息和平衡的饮食防止疾病。 ◆ I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。

89 22. You’d better not tell all your inner secrets to your new online lover, otherwise you might later regret it during your first face-to-face encounter. (Para. 3) had better表示“最好……” ，后面跟动词原形；如果要表示否定意义，则用had better not。例如： ◆ You’d better stay at hospital for another few days. 你最好在医院再住几天。 ◆ I’d better not disturb him. 我最好别去打扰他。 连词otherwise表示“否则”，引导了结果状语从句。例如： ◆ Give me back my money, otherwise I’ll ring the police. 把我的钱还给我，否则我报警。 ◆ We’ll go early, otherwise we may not catch the train. 我们得早一点去，不然就赶不上火车了。

90 23. Until you hit it off on all levels, keep your options open. (Para
◆Let’s wait until the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停吧。 ◆He lay still until the sun was up. 他静静地躺着直到太阳出来。 hit it off是固定词组，意为“相处得好，合得来”。例如： ◆We hit it off well at school. 我们在学校里相处得很好。 ◆These foreign students hit it off with the natives. 这些外国留学生和本地人相处得很好。

91 24. So you’d better meet in a public place, such as a restaurant, or consider bringing along a friend. (Para. 3) consider意为“考虑”，后面跟动名词作宾语。例如： ◆I consider waiting a few more days. 我考虑再等几天。 ◆I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。

92 25. With so many people using the Internet, chances are great that you will find your mate, provided you use common sense, a lot of patience, and are willing to take the online relationship into the real world. (Para. 4) 介词with表示伴随状况。例如： ◆ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗，微风习习。 ◆ He fell asleep with the light burning. 灯还开着他就睡着了。 provided(that)表示“如果，只要”，引导条件状语从句。例如： ◆ I will agree to go provided (that) my expenses are paid. 假如为我负担费用，我就去。 ◆ Provided (that) you keep quiet, you can come to the concert. 只要你保持安静，你就可以去音乐会。

93 Translation of Text B 网恋：真实与虚拟
现在，越来越多的单身一族转向互联网来寻找较好的约会机会。然而，网上约会的过程与真实生活中的差别很大。比方说，网络新手必须首先学会如何猜出网络语言的意义，如：-) 和LOL。就其本质而言，网络环境局限性很大，网络文化可能会妨碍人们的即时约会。所以，大多数网络聊天初试者一开始都潜水，他们愿意静静地看别人交流。 网络关系包含两个阶段。在第一阶段，网络使用者会因为可以很快和别人发展关系而兴奋不已。到了第二阶段，网络使用者们通常会尝试将虚拟的东西延续到现实生活中，但往往都会失望。这样，网络约会被当作是一种逃避方式，因为网络对于他们是虚幻的、不真实的。在线的时候，他们说是谁就是谁，即使只有短短的几个小时。然而，这种逃避现实的做法会破坏关系，因为网络的虚幻会使他们变得不诚实。我的一个朋友翠西曾经在网上遇到一个男人，开始时她撒谎说自己重150英磅。一周后那个男人向她要照片时，她开始为自己的谎话担心，发了一张身材苗条的女子的照片来代替。然而，她一直认为，一旦他真正爱上自己了，就一定会接受自己的外貌。几周之后，他们的关系更加亲密。他决定飞过去与她见面。她坚信，只要自己亲自坦白的话，他一定会原谅自己的谎话。然而，他所见到的女人和她给他的印象迥然不同。他生气地走了，拒绝再和她说话。翠西很气愤，责备现在的人都太看重外表，却不愿承认自己欺骗了他。

94 当然，确实存在一些网恋成功的例子。我认识几对恋人是通过网络相识的，现在婚姻生活很幸福。网上的关系和真实生活中的一样，也需要付出努力、甘于奉献、表现诚实。因此，要想网恋成功，下列建议可供参考：
● 具有安全意识。不要随便在网上公开自己的姓名、地址、电话号码和社会保险号码。 ● 谨防“玩游戏者”。网恋对一些人来说只是一场游戏。所以，注意他们话语中的互相矛盾之处，或者，不要做那些令你感到不舒服的事情。 ● 匿名。在与别人取得相互信任之前最好匿名在线。不过，骗人总是不对。 ● 切记你在网络上看到的并非一个人的全部写照。时刻保持警觉，不要过快地和想象中的人相爱。 ● 开始应避免过于亲密的网络聊天。最好不要把自己内心所有的秘密告诉刚刚认识的网络情人，否则，以后在第一次见面时你可能会后悔。

95 ● 不要轻易许诺。“一键钟情”很浪漫，但并不总是真实的。所以，慢慢来，做出正确选择。
● 尽早见面。如果对网上的某个人有好感，并且他／她也喜欢你，尽早安排见面。在与网友各个方面都很合得来之前，尽量保证比较宽的选择范围。 ● 见面时保证自身安全。牢记你是与陌生人见面。因此，最好在公共场所见面，比如饭店，或者带朋友一起。网络中既有爱情也有心痛。使用网络的人不计其数，只要您有常识、有耐心、并愿意将网络上的关系延续到真实生活中，您找到另一半的机会也很大。

96 Exercises Understanding the Text READING COMPREHENSION
2. 答案：B。解析：参照课文第一段第二句。 3. 答案：A。解析：参照课文第二段第二句。 4. 答案：D。解析：参照课文第二段第七句。 5. 答案：A。解析：参照课文第三段第三句。 6. 答案：D。解析：参照课文第三段。

97 Structure Analysis 1. Introduction (Para. 1)
The process of an online relationship is very different from real time dating process. 2. Features of Internet relationship (Para. 2) A. Internet relationship has two phases a. In the first phase, Internet players feel the excitement of a rapidly deepening relationship. b. In the second phase, players commonly try to take things from the virtual to the real but are usually disappointed. B. In this way, Internet dating will be used as an escape. However, this escape from reality can ruin a relationship because fantasy can make them dishonest.

98 3. Suggestions for successful Internet dating (Para. 3)
4. Conclusion (Para. 4) A. The Internet has its share of love and heartache. B. Chances are great if you use common sense, a lot of patience, and a willingness to take the online relationship into the real world.

99 Vocabulary and Structure
1．答案：B. Since。 解析：since：既然；for：因为；because：因为； even if：即使。 2．答案：C. as。 解析：这里as引导了非限制性定语从句，对整个句子做 进一步说明。 3．答案：C. to blame。 解析：这是带疑问词who的不定式短语，用作动词know的 宾语。 4．答案：A. It。 解析：这里it用作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。 5．答案：B. taking。 解析：consider表示“考虑” ，后面要跟名词或动词-ing 形式。

100 6．答案：D. has been taken。 解析：本题考察动词不定式的完成时态。take … into consideration是固定词组，表示“考虑”。 7．答案：B. conscious。 解析：conscious：有意识的，有知觉的；astonished：惊讶 的；alert：提防的；awake：醒的。 8．答案：D. intimate。 解析：intimate：亲密的；famous：著名的；used：旧的； private：私人的。 9．答案：A. confessed。 解析：confess：承认；inform：告诉；say：说；confirm： 确认。 10．答案：B. confident。 解析：confident：自信的；convincing：令人信服的； believing：有信仰的；reasonable：合理的。

101 Translation and Writing
Part Three Translation and Writing

102 Translation Practice 1．这个会议的重要性怎么估计都不过分。 2．有利必有弊。 3．不雨则已，雨必倾盆。
4．开车时，越仔细越好。 5．我今天感觉再好也不过了。

103 Writing Sample 1 Contributions Wanted
Published on 15th every month, our newspaper mainly serves our company staff. We welcome contributions of all forms. The writing can be: 1. Reports on all departments. 2. Opinions and suggestions on production, sales and product promotion. 3. Lives of company staff in their spare time. 4. Others. Your contributions shall not be over 1000 words. Contributions are required to be typed. If not adopted, the contributions will be returned to the authors in three months. Here is our correspondence address: Lin Yue Department of Public Relations Hangzhou,

104 Writing Sample 2 Contributions Wanted
Our newspaper mainly serves our company staff. It is published on 15th every month. We welcome contributions of all forms. The writing can be the following : 1. Reports on all of the departments. 2. Opinions and suggestions on production, sales and marketing. 3. Lives of company staff in their spare time. 4. Others. Your writing shall not be over 1000 words. Contributions are required to be typed. If not adopted, the contributions will be returned to the authors in three months. Here is our correspondence address: Lin Yue Department of Public Relations Hangzhou,

105 Part Four Grammar

106 Grammar Practice 1. wouldn’t be 2. wouldn’t leave 3. spoke 4. would have reunited 5. could have had; would have been 6. were 7. had 8. had been; would have seen 9. might/ would do 10. would do

107 Part Five Further Development

108 Oral Work Activity 1 Samples
—— I enjoy taking care of my tropical fish （热带鱼）. I have a large aquarium （养鱼缸） in my living room, and I have many books about tropical fish and how to take care of them. I also have a few friends who like keeping fish, too. We get together once a week at a coffee shop nearby and talk about what’s new with our fish and what new fish we’ve bought. You’d be surprised to know that keeping an aquarium is a lot of work. I have to change the water regularly and check the water chemistry. I also have to make sure that none of my new fish eat my other fish. But watching my fish is very relaxing after a day of hard work.

109 ——I like to go dancing. My boyfriend and I go dancing
almost every weekend. Every Friday and Saturday night we go dancing at clubs in our area. We meet our friends and we make new friends when we go dancing. We like all kinds of music, but we usually go to clubs that play Latin music or hip-hop. Those are our favorite kinds of music. Besides, once a month my boyfriend and I take a dancing class together. Dancing is a really good way to keep in shape. I don’t need to work out at a gym. Dancing keeps me fit.

110 Activity 2 Sample —— I will choose my home to hold the birthday party for Linda. I will invite our close friends to take part in it. First I will decorate my room. The nearby supermarket will be the best place to buy some colorful ribbons, paper lanterns, and small bells for decoration. Besides, I will also buy some fruits, candies, chocolate for them to eat. Most important of all, I will choose a gift for my friend Linda. I think a nice MP4 will be a good choice. The birthday party will begin at 10 o’clock in the morning. All of the friends will bring gifts for Linda. We will see Linda open the gifts. Then we will have a birthday cake and sing the birthday song for Linda. Afterwards, we will use the leftover cream of the cake as make-ups and dance to disco music. Then we will go out to see a film. The film called Lord of the Ring will interest us. I’m sure Linda and all other friends will enjoy it very much .

111 Written Work I. Word Matching
1. (F) (I) (A) (C) (L) (D) (N) (E) (B) (G) II. Gerund or Infinitive 1. It was impossible to find a job in my country. 2. Have you ever considered becoming a citizen? 3. My uncle refused to change his long name when he came here. 4. Sometimes I regret coming to this country. 5. She is proud of starting her own import business. 6. Carlos enjoys reading books about American history. 7. In addition to sponsor his sister, Andres is supporting his parents. 8. I have invited my cousins to live with me during their first month in the United States. 9. New immigrants can’t help worrying about money and work. 10. My high school counselor advised me to apply for a scholarship.

112 III. Short Answer Question
1. Internet chat rooms compatible 3. specific interests month 5. IV. Translation 1．A ．A ．C ．D 5．依我看，公司应当树立平易近人的友好形象。无论公司如何对待顾客，他们都应该让每一位顾客感觉受到特殊的关照。

113 Key to Test Yourself of the Student’s Book
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. He tried his best to avoid making such a mistake in his work. 12. When we visited the city last year, a bridge was being built over the river. 13. With the development of society, more and more people are aware of the importance of environment protection. 14. The Internet, which helped open up the information age, is now mainly used for amusement. 15. Even the church is being affected by society’s need to be entertained. 16. It seems that we would rather go to movies than watch TV at home. 17. Those students addicted to the Internet may lose a lot of chance to succeed. 18. They have got a lot of difficulty (in) solving the problem.

114 19. Thus, current events become nothing more than
passing bits of unimportant things. 20. Once I fail to lift it up, I will be out of job. 21. Y 22. NG 23. N 24. Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in Paris. 25. Notre Dame is located on an island in the middle of the Seine River, called the Ile de la Cité. 26. Don’t lose time in correcting this kind of mistakes. 27. Our freedom of speech cannot be denied. 28. That tall man in the shirt is a stranger to me. 29. This difficult problem is beyond her power. 30. Nobody doubts that he should not express himself in this way.