Unit 4 Language points.

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1 Unit 4 Language points

2 1.procedure 程序;手续;步骤[U][C] The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting. 主席对开会的程序很熟悉。 The next procedure is as follows. 下一个步骤如下。

3 2.bunch cn .串,束,卷,团 a bunch of bananas bunches of flowers a bunch of keys

4 Para 1 1. merely adv.只是,仅仅,不过 That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一种猜测。

5 2. most ,mostly (1)most 大多数 most students most of the students
most of you very 非常 It is most kind of you to help me. This is a most useful reference book. at (the) most 至多 make the most of 充分利用

6 (2)mostly adv. 主要地，大部分地通常；强调所占比例，成分。 相当于 mainly,chiefly
e.g. She is mostly out on Sundays. My friends are mostly basketball fans. The medicine is____made of soda water. most B. almost C. mostly D nearly C

7 3. (L2) “Attempts had been made by others to classify plant species into groups…” means…
Others had made efforts for the classification of plant species. Others had been trying to group plant species. Others had attempted to classify plant species.

8 make an attempt to do sth. 企图，尝试某事
They make no attempt to escape. He is very successful at his first attempt.

9 4. classify vt. 将...分类;将...分等级 People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books. 在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。 Eggs are classified according to size. 鸡蛋按大小分等级。

10 5. (L3) Showing how plants were related was a complex and strange thing before Linnaeus developed his system. Linnaeus’ system made it simple and common to show how plants were related. Before Linnaeus developed his system, it was complex and strange to show how plants were related.

11 Please fix the picture on the wall.
6. fix vt. Please fix the picture on the wall. He fixed his eyes on/upon the beautiful picture . Please fix a date for a face-to-face interview. 固定；安装 （用眼睛）盯住 安排

12 7. (L6) … Linnaeus’ idea of grouping plants in families was unique.
It is very special that he classified plants into families. His idea that plants should be grouped in families was unique.

13 family (1)（动，植物的）科，（语言的）语族 e.g. Tigers are related to the cat family.
The Germanic family of languages includes German, Dutch and English. (2)family是集合名词。作主语时，当表整体---动词谓语用 单数； 当表所有成员----复数 My family_____ all fond of swimming. His family_____ very large. are is （3） family可表“子女” e.g. He has a family of three.

14 the identification of criminals by fingerprint 凭指纹确认罪犯
8. identification n. 1. 认出;识别;鉴定;确认[U] the identification of criminals by fingerprint 凭指纹确认罪犯 2. 身份证明;身份证[U][C] I used my driver's license as identification. 我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。

15 identify vt 确认 ,认出 Can you identify your umbrella ? She identified the man as her attacker. identify…with 认为…与…等同 One can not identify happiness with wealth.

16 9. base sth. on sth. be based on 这本小说是以历史事实为基础。 This novel is based on historical facts. base n. 这是一个空军基地。 This is an air base.

17 Para 2 promote vt. 提升；促进；增长；宣传 1. He was promoted to the rank of captain. 他被提升为上尉。 2.The Prime Minister's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries. 首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。 3. The volunteers are promoting the spirits of Olympic Games. 志愿者正在宣传奥运精神

18 Para 3 ( L1) Born into a life of privilege,…
(分词作状语) When he was born, he enjoyed a life of privilege. He is a born artist. 他天生是个艺术家。 e.g. 1)Interested in the subject, he insisted on going to the college. 2) Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.

19 2.appetite n.[U][C] 1). 食欲,胃口[(+for)] Exercise gave her a good appetite. 运动使她胃口大增。 2). 欲望;爱好[(+for)] At the moment she had no appetite for gossip. 此时此刻她无心闲聊。 have an appetite for = have a desire for =long for

20 6. (L3) Despite his wealth, he worked to make a career in science.
despite = in spite of; 尽管，不论 despite his wealth = even though he was wealthy. 2)make a career 向上爬，谋求发迹 He worked to make a career in science means He worked hard for the cause of science.

21 Para 4 1. (L1) …the Royal Navy appointed James Cook as the commander of the Endeavour to take the members of Royal Society on an expedition to Tahiti. appoint … as… 任命 take the members … 带领皇家学会成员

22 appoint vt. They appointed him (to be) manager.
He appointed Williams as his deputy in New York. 任命；委任 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time. They appointed a place to exchange experience. 指定（时间、地点）；约定; 安排

23 2.primary adj. 基本的，首要的，主要的；最初的，初级的原始的，原来的，原著的；一次性 的；（地理）原生的
a primary forest the ~ meaning of a word 一个字的原意 ~ cell 一次性电池 ~ mineral 原生矿物

24 3.calculate vt. 1). 计算[+(that)][+wh-] He calculated the costs very carefully. 他仔细计算开支。 2). 估计;预测;推测[+(that)][+wh-] 3). 计划,打算;使适合(某种目的) [+to-v] His remark was calculated to hurt her. 他的话是故意要伤她的。 4). 【美】【口】以为,认为[+(that)] I calculate they will soon arrive. 我看他们快要到了。 vi. 计算 Have you finished calculating yet? 你计算好了吗?

25 at the expense of以……为代价 go to the expense of sth. / doing sth. 在某物上花钱
Para 5 1.expense n. at one’s expense 由某人出资 at one’s own expense 自费 at the expense of以……为代价 go to the expense of sth. / doing sth. 在某物上花钱 put sb. to the expense of sth. / doing sth. 使某人花钱……

26 Para 6 1. look out (for) 寻找，留意（别让某物错过）
Look out for Xiao Lin, or we shall miss her. 注意小林，别错过了. I’m looking out for mistakes. 当心，提防 Look out! The car is coming here. When crossing the road, look out for cars.

27 2. on a large scale 大规模的 Beijing is beautiful on a large scale to greet the Coming Olympics. The work of reforming industry carried out in all provinces on a large scale.

28 1.(L2) Wonderful discoveries had been made of strange new lands, …
Para 7 1.(L2) Wonderful discoveries had been made of strange new lands, … ------Wonderful discoveries included new lands, … He made discoveries of 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes. 他的发现包括花生的三百种用途和红薯的二百种用途。

29 involve v. 包括；牵涉 The strike involved many people. The case involved several leaders. involve sb/sth in(doing) sth. 使某人/物参与，卷入 Don’t involve me in solving your problem. They are deeply involved in debt. be involved in 从事；忙于 We are involved in preparing for the exam. He was involved in working out a plan.

30 4. accumulate vt. vi. accumulation n. He accumulated a large fortune. 他积存了庞大的财产 Dust accumulated on the desk. 桌上积满了灰尘

31 The crew abandoned the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
5. abandon vt. 1. 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃 The crew abandoned the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。 The broken bike was found abandoned by the river. 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。 2. 放弃,中止 He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。

32 Phrases 1try to/make attempt to do sth 1试图做某事 2 classify sth into sth
3 have an appetite for 4 on a large scale 5 involve in 6 be involved in 7 be based on 8 be appointed as 9 look out for 10 be born in a rich/wealthy family 1试图做某事 2 分离 3有求知欲 4 大规模 5 牵涉/干预 6 从事 7 以 … 为基础 8 被… 任命 9 当心 10 出生于富贵家庭

33 Exercises 1.accumulated 积累 appointed 任命,委派 abandon 放弃 appetite 胃口 5.calculate 计算 cosy 舒适的 7. identification 鉴别,证件 privilege 特权 9. astronomy 天文学 promote 促进

34 1.Saving money year after year his parents put together enough
money to pay for his living expenses. 2.Bookshops across the country invited the author to sign his new novel ,hoping to push it. 3.Can you work out the cost if we stay in Europe for a couple of weeks ? 4.After 15 days it was decided to stop the search for people who might have survived the coal mine accident. 5.Unlike other officials, the mayors of the country’s major cities are chosen by the government. accumulate promote calculate abandon appointed

35 astronomy appetite cosy adj. privilege
6.To open a bank account here you should show them an evidence of identify such as a passport or a driver’s license. 7.The ancient study of the heavens has progressed from studying stars and planets to the study of the nature of the universe and possibilities for space travel 8. Despite all the fame Tom hanks has gained as a movie star, he has a strong desire for further success in his career. 9.At her grandparents’ Anna was offered a small, but warm and comfortable room. 10.Few of the younger students have the special right to use the professor’s private library. identification astronomy appetite cosy adj. privilege

36 2. Complete the passage on the next page with the words
from the box, using their proper form. abandon appoint botanical enterprise expense female group globe herb Oceania 放弃　　　　任命　　　　植物学的　　　　事业 费用　　 雌性的　 分类　 地球　　 药草 大洋州 Carl Linnaeus earned the title “father of classification” for the contribution he made to (1) _______ plant species. Linnaeus’ system was based on the arrangement of the male and (2) ______ organs of the flowers. at that time the study of botany was part of the study of medicine. (3) ______ were the base for medicines, and t become a doctor a sound knowledge of botany was essential. In 1741 group female Herbs

37 was appointed botanical was abandoned globe Oceania enterprise expense
Linnaeus (4)_____________ a lifelong professor at a Swedish university. During the next few years he undertook the task of restoring the university (5) _________ garden. The garden (6) ____________ after the great city fire in Linnaeus was a very popular teacher. His lectures inspired his students to travel around the (7) ______ in the race for the discovery of new plant species. Daniel Solander, for example, who joined Joseph Banks and Captain Cook on their voyage in 768 to (8) _______, was one of his famous students. Linnaeus was also involved in the (9) ________ of making Sweden’s economy more independent. In 1758 he bought a farm in the countryside, where he built a small museum at his own (10) ________ to keep his natural history collections from many parts of the world. Suffering from heart problems for more than four years, Linnaeus passed away in 1778. was appointed botanical was abandoned globe Oceania enterprise expense