话题带动下的 知识框架构建与语用能力提升 西安铁一中 侯智斌.

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1 话题带动下的 知识框架构建与语用能力提升 西安铁一中 侯智斌

2 近年来，陕西中考英语试题既体现了考试的基础性和稳定性，更体现了新课改中“加强对语言综合运用能力的考查”的精神。突出体现在以下十六字：“设置语境，突出语篇，强调运用，注重交际”。为了使英语学习更多的应用于实际生活，并符合新课程标准的要求，包括我校在内的许多学校近年已在各级教科所老师们的带领下，纷纷开始不断尝试以“话题带动总复习”的方法来取代长期以来大家所习惯的“语法为主线”和“教材为主线”的复习方法。

3 《新课标》明确列出话题细目表，包括个人信息，家庭、朋友与周围的人，学校生活，兴趣爱好，个人情感，人际关系, 健康，文娱与体育，节假日活动，世界与环保，语言学习，社会，历史与地理等24项。与此同时，新课标、中考说明及考纲规定以内的功能意念目标，包括问候，介绍，告别，感谢，道歉，邀请，请求许可，祝愿和祝贺，提供帮助，约会，打电话，就餐，就医，购物，指路、问路，谈论天气，语言交际困难，提醒注意，劝告及建议等共20项考查点也是我们在知识框架构建与语用能力提升过程中必须要帮助学生掌握的重点。

4 教材的单元—话题—功能—任务的编写思路为话题式复习提供了依据
话题引领—整合与话题相关的语言知识—互动的语言技能训练—针对性强化训练与模拟检测为全面提高学生语用能力和中考成绩提供了保证。

5 话题 陕西中考真题 教材对应单元 个人情况 2009完形填空个人经历2009书面表达个人信息2011完成句子56题个人信息 人教七上Unit1 人教八上Unit6 冀教Book1 Unit3 家人 朋友与周围的人 2009单选23题家庭生活2010书面表达介绍朋友2013单选21题家庭生活 人教七上Unit3 人教八上Unit9 冀教Book1 Unit5

6 话题 陕西中考真题 教材对应单元 学校生活 2010阅读理解B介绍学校 2011单选26题语言学习 2013单选21题语言学习 2013单选25题语言学习 人教七上Unit12 人教九Unit1 冀教Book1 Unit1 冀教Book3 Unit6 节假日活动 2011单选23题计划与愿望2012单选30题节日 人教八下Unit5 冀教Book3

7 话题 陕西中考真题 教材对应单元 饮食与健康 2013单选22题点餐 2013单选24题健康 天气旅游与交通 2010单选23题天气
人教七下Unit8 冀教Book1 Unit4 冀教Book2 Unit7 天气旅游与交通 2010单选23题天气 2011单选25题交通安全2012任务型阅读学校郊游 人教八下Unit10 冀教Book4 Unit5 社会自然与环境 2009补全对话A环境保护 2011阅读理解A水资源 2013阅读理解A国家与民族 人教七下Unit3 冀教Book4 Unit8

8 话题复习的实施思路 依据话题，整合复习内容 紧扣话题，创设教学情境 围绕话题，精设导学活动 贯穿话题，提升语用能力

9 话题复习课的程序设计 词汇、短语的搜集与整理 易错题为载体的相关语法知识小结与训练 语篇的理解、补全与写作训练 中考题型话题检测
特定语境下的情景反应、功能意念与重点句型大搜捕 易错题为载体的相关语法知识小结与训练 语篇的理解、补全与写作训练 中考题型话题检测

10 话题复习课的实施步骤 情 境 活 动 听说读写 话题整合 词汇积累 句法练习 语法小结 语篇运用

11 第一课时 词汇、短语的 搜集与整理

12 广泛调动学生积极参与“资源共享”，即每组派一位学生代表将本组搜集的词汇、短语投影呈现给全班，其他组的同学进行积极补充。期间，鼓励学生就其中重要的词法进行重点讲解与针对性链接练习，老师补充点评。最后，安排利用15分钟时间进行当堂检测，以帮助学生巩固相关词语。

13 Words and expressions A.天气状况：weather, sun, sunny, cloud, cloudy, rain, rainy, shower, snow, snowy, freeze, storm, wind, windy, cold, hot, warm, cool, dry, wet, humid, fine, temperature, degree, heat, sunshine, etc. B.旅游：travel, tour, trip, journey, passport, map, tourist, visitor, ticket, camp, picnic, guide, sight, etc. C.交通：traffic, rule, passenger, bike, engine, bus, car, taxi, truck, train, plane, ship, boat, sail, across, through, road, way, route, railway, undergroud, subway, airplane, flight, speed, meter, mile, kilometre, accident,etc.

14 Words and expressions D.方位：direction, east, eastern, west, western, south, southern, north, northern, center, middle, on, above, than, blow, under, down, front, back, after, left, right, top, bottom, side, on the other side of, by, about, beside, in, out, inside, outside, among, at, between, then, close, near, behind, in front of, across from, far, high, short, surface, straight, upstair, downstair, etc.

15 Key Phrases: during the holidays, take photos, weather report/weather forecast, have a great time/ enjoy oneself/ have fun doing sth…, take the bus/train/subway/plane…, how far, decide on, by boat/car/bus/taxi/train/ plane/bike…,on the bus/boat/car/taxi/ train/plane/bike…，walk across/ through/past..., have been to, have gone to, have been in, etc.

16 特定语境下的情景反应、功能意念与重点句型大搜捕
第二课时 特定语境下的情景反应、功能意念与重点句型大搜捕

17 由学生代表将课前搜集的有关此话题的功能意念及重要句型进行共享，其他同学补充并相互探讨其用法及注意事项。随后，为学生提供生活中常见的有关旅游的情境，帮助学生分角色进行会话操练，并作出适当评价。本节课老师课前必须多准备相关的听句子选答语和补全对话练习，课堂上供学生趁热打铁，当堂检验听课效果。

18 Key Structures: How is the weather in Xi’an? =What’s the weather like?
It is sunny today. It was windy yesterday. How was your school trip? Where did you go on vacation? How did you go there? Who did you go there with? How are the people/ foods/ sights/ transportations there…? How long did you stay there? Did you visit any places of interest?

19 Key Structures: Have you ever been to an amusement park?
We had a great time at Water World. When are you leaving for Beijing? My family and I are planning to go to the Summer Palace. I love places where the people are friendly and the foods are delicious. When does the train arrive？ How long does it take you to get from…to… by bus?

20 Key Structures: They’ll fly to Qingdao this afternoon.
How does your father go to work every day? David rides to school every day and it’s about 15 minutes ride from his home to school. The traffic is so busy at 8:00 in the morning, I’m afraid I’ll be late because of the heavy traffic. I hope you will enjoy yourself during your stay there, and show me your photos when you’re back.

21 功能意念： 问候，介绍，告别，感谢，道歉，邀请，请求许可，祝愿和祝贺，提供帮助，约会，打电话，就餐，就医，购物，指路、问路，谈论天气，语言交际困难，提醒注意，劝告及建议

22 第三课时 易错题为载体的相关语法知识小结与训练

23 各小组派代表，以事先准备好的平时作业和考试中频频出现的错题为载体，对该话题下所涉及的语法知识进行小结讲解。老师进行补充和评价，并当堂检测课堂效果。

24 高频考点集锦： 考点一: 询问天气情况及其答语。 考点二: 常见的交通表达方式 考点三: have been to, have gone to 和have been in/at的辨析 考点四: 指路问路的表达方式…… 考点五: 表示顺延、转折、条件、让步的连词及副词的用法

25 Key Grammar: 1.一般现在时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、 各种特殊疑问句及其回答。
2.一般过去时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、 3.一般将来时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、 4.现在完成时态的陈述句、一般疑问句及其回答、

26 第四课时 语篇的理解、补全与写作训练

27 以语篇阅读、短文填空和语篇写作为主要任务展开训练，涉及听短文，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、短文填空和书面表达等方面内容。尤其是书面表达要尽可能多的展示学生的习作，以便于学生相互纠错，对习作中普遍出现的语用问题，老师做以重点讲解，重点突破。以帮助学生强化理解。

28 话题板块大练考 整个有关天气、旅游及交通话题复习的四个课时教学内容全部结束之后，我们会以随堂检测过程中学生所暴露出的问题为主要内容，年级统一命题，以大练考的形式安排一次话题检测，对教学效果加以测评并认真分析，为后一阶段的查漏补缺准备素材。

29 知识迁移与中考链接： 听句子，选答语： 1. Why don’t you go to Paris for vacation?
A. Sounds great B. You’re great. C. It’s very nice of you. 2. Have you been to the Summer Palace? A. Yes, several times B. No, I didn’t. C. Yes, I do. 3. How is the weather? A.It’s sunny B. It’s Monday. C. It’s June 27.

30 知识迁移与中考链接： 听对话，选答案 1. A. A bridge B. A police station C. A restaurant.
2. A. trains B. Planes C. Buses. 3. A. How to go to Dalian. B. Tibet is an interesting place. C. How to spend their vacation.

31 听下面一段对话，从每道题后面所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案
1. What’s the relationship between the two speakers? A. Passenger and taxi driver. B. Husband and wife C. Friends. 2. What time does the plane take off? A. At 9: B. At 9: C. At 9:20 3. Why is the woman in such a hurry? A. Because she is going to see five teachers off at the airport. B. Because it’s almost time for her plane to take off. C. Because it’s her first time to take a plane and she is a little nervous.

32 W: Please take me to the airport as quickly as possible.
M: OK! I will drive as fast as I can. When is your flight? W: At 9:30. M: Don’t worry. It takes about half an hour to get there from here. We will be there at 8:30. W: Oh, thank you. I have been feeling a little nervous. M: Is this the first time you are traveling by air? W: Yes, and this is the first time for me to go aboard. M: No wonder you look a little nervous. Are you going alone? W: No, five other teachers will go with me.

33 is Saturday, May 6th. There was a car accident
Hello,everyone！This is Radio Station.Today is Saturday, May 6th. There was a car accident happening this morning in Zhuque Ave. A woman drove too fast and hit a building. Now let the witness Mr. Wang tell us what happened in detail. “It was about eleven o’clock in the morning. I was on my way to the office, and I was walking on the road. Suddenly I saw a car coming very fast. When the red light was on, the driver wanted to stop but she could not. A police car came soon.

34 A policeman helped the driver out of
the car, and took her to hospital. Another policeman went up to me and asked me about the accident.” Mr. Wang said.We hope the driver will be better soon and be more careful when driving in the future. Please remember: Safety must come first! Thank you for listening.

35 2. Where was Mr. Wang going when the accident happened?
听短文，选答案： had a car accident on Zhuque Road. A. A man B. A woman C. Mr. Wang 2. Where was Mr. Wang going when the accident happened? He was going to the hospital. He was on his way to the office. C.He was going to Xi’an Traffic Radio Station.

36 3. Why couldn’t the driver stop her car?
A. The road was icy. B. There was something wrong with her car. C. She drove too fast. 4. What did Mr. Wang do when he saw the accident? A. He called the police. B. He called an ambulance. C. He helped the driver out of the car.

37 听力主要考查学生对口头语言材料的理解能力以及从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。要求学生能理解主旨与大意，获取事实性的具体信息，对说话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能做出简单的推断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。因此，平时的语言教学与测试必须尽可能使用贴近学生实际生活、学习的材料，并力争切合社会热点话题。

38 单项选择： 1. ---_____ is it from here to the supermarket?
---About twenty minute’s walk. A. How long B. How far C. How much D.How soon 2. ---____ is the weather today? ---It’s hot. And the radio says it’ll be much ____tomorrow. A. How, hoter B. What hotter C. How, hotter D.What,hoter

39 3. Water Park is a good place ____.
A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to having fun 4. I didn’t sleep well last night because there was too much ____ on the road. A. bicycle B. accident C. traffic D. car 5. He died in an accident _____ several years. A. accident B. event C. by accident D. happening

40 语言知识属于考查各项基础知识的传统题型，此题内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面，考察学生语法基础知识的运用能力。此题灵活，覆盖面广，而且单纯的语法题近年来呈减少趋势，特定语境下的语法与词法考查则越来越多。此题型主要考核语言在语境中的运用，答题时如果忽视语境，就很容易答错，这就要求学生能对句子进行正确分析，对基础语法进行灵活运用。

41 完形填空 Mr White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was bad for his  1 and now he has near sight ( 近视 ). But he wouldn’t want  2 to know about it and he never wears a pair of glasses. It often  3  him some trouble.     One winter morning he was sent to a village school on business (出差 ). He  4 a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road to the village wasn’t smooth (平坦). He fell over some times and it  5   his clothes dirty.  6  he got to the village. Suddenly it began to blow and it got colder. He was looking for the school while his  7  was blown off. He began to run after it but he couldn’t get it. He couldn’t understand why his hat ran into a house as if (似乎 ) it had  8  . And he ran into the house,  9  .     A woman stopped him and shouted angrily, “  10  are you running after my hen (母鸡 )for?”    

42 1. A. ears    B. nose   C. mouth   D. eyes
2. A. anybody else   B. nobody        C. woman       D. somebody 3. A. follows   B. takes  C. brings  D. carries 4. A. took off       B. got off       C. got on      D. came on 5. A. let  B. made  C. gave     D. felt 6. A. At first   B. At home  C. At times  D. At last 7. A. clothes   B. bag     C. hat        D. glasses 8. A. legs        B. hands C. shoes   D. arms 9. A. always   B. also    C. either   D. too 10. A. What    B. Why    C. Which  D. Who

43 完形填空主要考查以下几个方面的知识与技能： （1）对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力； （2）对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力；
完形填空主要考查学生的阅读理解能力和综合语言运用能力。重点考查学生运用适当的词语重建文意的能力，对词语的涵义、用法及搭配的考查体现在文章的意境中。要求学生从语篇层次上把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理。 完形填空主要考查以下几个方面的知识与技能： （1）对于文章上下文的理解和把握能力； （2）对词汇意义及其用法的理解和运用能力； （3）对习惯用法和常用搭配的掌握程度； （4）根据生活常识进行推理和判断的能力;

44 阅读下面短文，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it. It is true. People usually begin their talks with "Isn't it a nice day?" "Do you think it will rain?" "What a fine day!" etc. Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they hardly agree with each other. One man may say, "Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? It's going to rain tomorrow." Another man will say, "No, it's going to be fine tomorrow."

45 People often look for the weather they want
People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it's going to rain; he won't believe anything else. When friends have a travel, they are sure the weather is going to clear up very quickly. Almost everyone listens to what the weather man says. But he doesn't always tell us what we want, and once in a while he makes a mistake. Still, he probably comes closer to being correct than anyone else.

46 阅读下面短文，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
1. "Nobody does something about the weather" means ____. A. nobody can make weather B. nobody can change weather C. nobody can talk about weather D. nobody likes weather 2. ____ is a common way to start a talk. A. Talking about weather B. Keeping silent C. Asking each other's names D. Smile

47 3. Many people hope the weather will be ____.
fine B. rainy C. cloudy D. like what they like to be 4. A weatherman probably is a man who ____. A. reports weather B. can see weather C. can change weather D. is made of weather 5. When it is cloudy in the east, you know that ____ tomorrow. A. it is going to rain B. it will be fine C. it will be still cloudy D. A or B or C

48 阅读理解着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面语言材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。近年来，陕西英语试题不但题材、体裁颇为丰富，所选用的短文也更加贴近学生的生活实际、生活经验，有较强的时代感和教育性。阅读理解所设问题既有语言表层理解的考查，又有对归纳、分析、判断、推测等能力的考查，侧重对语篇的整体理解。

49 完成句子： They will go to the Great Wall if it ____this Sunny.
1. 如果这个星期天不下雨，他们将去长城。 They will go to the Great Wall if it ____this Sunny. 2. 这周末是否出去玩还得看天气如何。 Weather we will play out of doors ___the weather. 3. 在马路上保持安全是每个人的职责。 It’s our duty to ____ on the road. 4. 去年我们度过了一个精彩的夏令营，大家都玩 得很愉快。We had a wonderful ____ last year and enjoyed themselves very much.

50 完成句子要求考生有较精确的语言素养，考查考生对词义的理解、词汇的拼写、词性的选择和运用，以及固定搭配、句子的类型结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。这个题在一定程度上提高了对学生的综合语言运用能力的考查力度。

51 短文填空： fly have sight why that
moon side China visit travel fly have sight why that   I’m Cathy Brown. I am now working for the Sunshine Travel Service in Fuzhou, Fujian. I have just come back from Taiwan, the largest island of   1  .         Last week, I took a group of officials for a week’s trip to Taiwan. We   2   all around the island. There are lots of fascinating   3   on the island. My favorite is the Sun Moon Lake. You may ask   4  people call it so. If you   5   high up over the lake and look down from your plane, you’ll find the answer yourself. In the

52 middle of this lake, there’s a small island
  6   is called Lalu. On one   7   of Lalu the lake looks like the sun, and on the other side it looks like the  8  . That is why people call it the Sun Moon Lake.        There are many mountains around this lake. One of the nearest is Mount Ali. We stayed there for three days. We also   9    a dancing party with Gaoshan people there.         Why not consider   10   Taiwan for your next vacation? It’s a wonderful place to visit.

53 短文填空可以说是整套试卷中综合性最强、难度最大的题型。它主要考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力以及对词汇或短语在语篇中的运用能力。学生必须在读懂文章，把握文章脉络的基础上用所给词的适当形式来填空，使短文意思连贯，语法正确。用所给词的正确形式填空和阅读短文，复述文章大意等训练方式均可对学生的能力提高产生积极影响。

54 任务型阅读 Having a few days off always sounds so great. Everyone needs a vacation. And so does US President. US President Barack Obama went on holiday with his family in winter in Where did they go and did the first family have fun? Now Obama is trying to share his experience with us. Let’s listen to him. “We travelled to Honolulu Hawaii in December 2011 for Christmas. Of course we went there by air. We spent 17 days there. Hawaii is my hometown. We had a wonderful time

55 there. This was one of the sweetest vacations in my life
there.This was one of the sweetest vacations in my life. My wife Michelle and I visited US Marines and their families in Hawaii on ChristmasDay. I even held the eight-month-old baby of a captain in my arms. I also spent part of Christmas Eve playing golf with my old friends from Hawaii and some White House staff. I went to Hanauma Bay Nature Park with my two daughters. That’s our favourite place. We dived there and set four sea turtles free. We all had a good time. And both my daughters said that they wanted to go there for a second time later.”

56 根据短文的内容，回答下列问题： 1.Where did US president go on holiday in
winter in 2011? He went to ________. 2. Who did he go there with? He went there with his____________. 3. What did the president think of his holiday? He thought that it ___________. 4. What did the family do in Hanauma Bay Nature Park? They ______________. 5. How many times have they been there before? They have been there _________.

57 任务型阅读旨在考查学生通过阅读获取信息并进行信息整合与转换的能力。有时候可以直接从文章中得出答案，有时候需要对文章彻底理解并重新加工整合才能得出答案，对学生的概括能力要求较高。因此，相应的练习与总结指导应贯穿总复习的始末。

58 补全对话： A: Hi, Tony! What are you doing here?
B: Hi, Judy! I’m reading about traveling. A: About traveling? 1.____________? B: Yes, I’m planning to travel during my summer vacation. Summer is the perfect time for fun and I’d like to stay cool in the hot weather. A: That’ll be fun. 2. ____________?

59 B: Not yet. I’m looking for a place I’ve never
been to. Any suggestions? A: 3.___________.It’s quite cool there in summer. I’m sure you will like that place because it is also special there. B: 4.___________. Thanks for your suggestion. What’s your plan for the summer vacation? A: I’ll stay at home. 5._____________. But please tell me about your vacation after you come back. B: No problem.

60 近几年来, 陕西中考英语补全对话涉及到的话题或功能项目涵盖日常生活的方方面面, 考查的重点内容主要有: 打电话、问路、购物、就餐、看病、计划、谈论天气、节能环保、谈论节日等。同时，辅以考查问候、介绍、告别、感谢、祝愿等日常交际用语的掌握和运用情况。要求学生在通读全篇的基础上，根据对话的具体情景及特定语境提供的各种信息进行全面分析、比较和逻辑推理，充分理解对话内容及双方意图，仔细推敲上下文的语境，进而确定空缺处的答案。补全后的对话应句意通顺、前后连贯，且符合英美人的语言习惯。避免中文思维习惯产生的影响。

61 书面表达： 最近，包括西安在内的全国各大城市雾霾天气严重。假如你是王林，请写一封信给报社，呼吁政府关闭一些污染严重的工厂；呼吁市民尽量不要买车，即使有车也尽量少使用，也可以从自身做起，出行尽量不行、骑自行车或坐公交；呼吁大家尽量不要放鞭炮(set off firecrackers).为了 我们的环境，每个人都应该出一份力。

62 书面表达： 重点词语： there be too much/heavy haze.
urge sb. not to do sth. try not to do sth. shut up the factories that make too much pollution, to begin with, what’s more, in addition, on the one hand, on the other hand, therefore…, be supposed to do sth. It’s one’s duty to do sth. In order to reduce… make a contribution to doing sth.…

63 书面表达侧重考查学生的创新思维能力和灵活运用所学语言知识解决问题的能力。 它考查到学生的单词拼写、书法、遣词造句、以及对句型、词组、固定搭配的把握和语言表达的逻辑性、连贯性、准确性。为了帮助学生尽可能完整、得体地表达自己的思想，我们要求学生通过对课内外的佳句和美文加强听读与背诵。尽可能多地给学生机会训练写作并提供互评和公开批改的机会，以加深印象，完善语用技能。

64 总之，实践话题带动下的英语教学，给英语中考总复习润色，给学生带来的是语言学习的感觉、动力和信心。它跳出了课本复习的枯燥、语 法规则的抽象和解题方法的束缚，提升了综合语言运用能力。但要求教师必须在课前设计好包括诊断练习的预习方案，在教学环节中注意复习内容、知识和学法的完善。

65 Thanks for listening!