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名词.

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Presentation on theme: "名词."— Presentation transcript:

1 名词

2 名 词 考点解读   1.名词复数的构成。    2.可数和不可数名词的用法。   3.名词的所有格和of格。 4.名词作定语。

3 疑难透析 1.名词的分类(略) 注意:(1)抽象名词具体化现象:
疑难透析   1.名词的分类(略)   注意:(1)抽象名词具体化现象: success一成功 a success--一个成功的人/物   (2)含义不同,可数与不可数性有了变化; paper---纸 a paper--一份论文/试卷   .名词的复数形式   (1) 规则变化:①一般在词尾加一s;②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词常加一es;③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加一es;④以f,fe结尾的名词,多数将f或fe改为v,再加一es;也有直接加一s的;⑤以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,多加一es;以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词,多加一s。

4 3.名词所有格 (2) 不规则变化: ①改变元音或词尾; ②单复数同形; ③合成名词通常将主体名词变为复数,没有则将最后一个名词变为复数;
④由man, woman构成的合成词,各部分均变为复数。 3.名词所有格    (1)名词所有格: ①在表示有生命的东西的名词词尾加’s; ②词尾是一s或一es的复数名词,末尾只加s’; ③词尾无一s或一es的复数名词,末尾加’s; ④若一物为两人共有,则在后一个名词后加’s;若为各自所有,则在两个名词之后都加’s; ⑤有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇、组织、价值等无生命的名词后加’s。

5 ①表示无生命东西的名词一般与of构成词组; ②有些表示有生命东西的名词,若有较长的定语,一般也用of词组表示所有关系。 (3)双重所有格:
①用于有生命的东西(尤其是人)的所有关系; ②必须用于表示明确对象的所有关系,of后面应用限定的名词或代词。

6 高考链接想一想:2007年高考会怎么考。  4.名词的作用 (1)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、定语、状语、同位语、呼语和连词等; (2)名词作定语常表中心词所表事物发生的时间、地点或该事物的材料、用途、类别、内容、性别等;名词所有格作定语一般表示所属关系。如a girl’s friend女孩的朋友(所属关系)a girl friend女朋友(表性别)bus driver公汽司机(表类别)telephone card电话卡(表用途) 命题预测: 2007年的高考动向是怎样的。

7 1. 名词的单复数变化,尤其是特殊名词的复数; 2. 抽象名词,物质名词的用法。注意抽象名词和物质名词之间的转化; 3
1. 名词的单复数变化,尤其是特殊名词的复数;   2. 抽象名词,物质名词的用法。注意抽象名词和物质名词之间的转化;   3. 名词所有格和of属格的用法;   4. 名词的同义词,近义词在一定语境中含义的区别。 [名题导悟] 近年来高考是怎样考的。 [考题1](NMET1996年高考题) Oh,John!_____you gave us! A.How a great surprise   B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 命题预测:2007年的高考动向是怎样的。 导悟:C 英语中有一类名词一般情况下是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,如"一个、一种、一阵、一类……",它们便成了可数名词,这便是"抽象名词具体化"。

8 [考题2](NMETl995年高考题) He gained his____by printing_____of great writers.    A.wealth;work     B.weahhs;works   C.wealths:work     D.wealth;works 导悟:D 本题要求区分wealth及work是可数名词还是不可数名词,以及它们的复数形式是什么问题。wealth是个不可数名词,表示"财富",没有复数形式;work作"工作"讲时是个不可数名词;works作"作品"讲时,通常以复数形式出现。 [考题3](NMET 2001年京、内、皖春季高考题) If this dictionary is not yours,______can it be?   A.what else    B.who else    C.which else's   D.who else's 导悟:D 本题要求区分who else(其他什么人)及who else‘s(其他什么人的),条件状语从句中所说是谁的词典,主句主语要用所有格。

9 十年高考真题再现(名词1) B 1.Do you have any ______ of what life would be like if we lived on other planets? [05春季上海--46]   A.plan    B.idea    C.impression   D.imagination 2.Beginners are expected to be familiar with the ______of the reading material before they come to the class. [05春季上海--48]   A.condition   B.concept   C.contest    D.content 3.If you buy more than ten , they knock 20 pence off_____. [04NMET-II--31]   A.a price     B.price     C.the price     D.prices 4.The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ____ of 60 miles. [04NMET-IV--28]   A.length     B.distance    C.way       D.space 5.The environmentalists and wild goats' ______on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. [04上海卷--45]   A.escape   B.absence   C.attendance   D.appearance D C B D

10 6.In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____in personality. [04上海卷--52]   A.contact(接触)  B.contrast (收缩) C.connection  D.conflict(冲突) 7.Chinese arts have won the_____ of a lot of people outside China. [04上海卷--53] A.enjoyment  B.appreciation C.entertainment D.reputation (名声) 8.Don‘t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within______ of little children. [04湖北-21]   A.hand    B.reach    C.space    D.distance 9.That doesn’t sound very frightening, Paul . I’ve seen______. What did you like most about the film? [04湖南-29]   A.better    B.worse    C.best      D.worst 10.The village is far away from here in deeded. It’s_____ walk. [04上海春招-27]   A.a four hour   B.a four hour's C.a four-hours  D.a four hours' D B B B D 十年高考真题再现(名词2)

11 11. ---I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired
11.---I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. ---There is no _____ for this while you are on duty. [03北京-29]   A.reason   B.excuse   C.cause    D.explanation 12.The manager has got a good business______ so the company is doing well. [NMET 03]   A.idea    B.sense     C.thought    D.thinking 13.The _____ is just around the corner and you won't miss it. [NMET 2001] A.bicycle' s shop B.bicycle shop  C.bicycles shop D.bicycles' shop 14. What he has done is far from______. [2000上海-33]   A.satisfactory  B.satisfied   C.satisfaction  D.satisfy 15.We all know that______speak louder than words. [1999上海-24]  A.movements   B.performance   C.operations   D.actions B B B C D 你可知“妈港”不是我的真姓名?/我离开你的襁褓太久了,母亲!/但是他们掳去的是我的肉体,/你依然保管着我内心的灵魂。/三百年来梦寐不忘的生母啊!/请叫儿的乳名,叫我一声“澳门”!/ 母亲!我要回来,母亲! 七子之歌——澳门

12 A A C B C 16.My parents always let me have my own_____ of living.
[1999上海-25]   A.way     B.method     C.manner     D.fashion 17.The new law will come into_____ on the day it is passed [1999上海-29]    A.effect    B.use    C.service     D.existence 18.You'll find this map of great_____ in helping you to get round London. [NMET ]   A.price     B.cost     C.value      D.unefulness 19.You can take as many as you like because they are free of ______. [98上海-26] A.fare     B.charge     C.money     D.pay 20.A______ will be offered to information leading to the arrest of the bank robber. [1998上海-29]   A.price    B.find    C.reward    D.profit A A C B C 小时侯/乡愁是一枚小小的邮票/ 我在这头/母亲在那头/ 长大后/乡愁是一张窄窄的船票/ 我在这头/新娘在那头/ 后来呵/乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓/ 我在外头/母亲呵在里头/ 而现在/乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡/ 我在这头/大陆在那头 ——余光中《乡愁》

13 A 21.Do you know the_____ of the saying I just quoted ? [1998上海-32]   A.source    B.resource    C.course    D.cause 22.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.[NMET ]   A.message   B.letter    C.sentence    D.notice 23.Those football players had no strict______ until they joined our club. [1997上海-20]   A.practice   B.education   C.exercise   D.training 24.I‘ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ______. [NMET ]   A.wait     B.time     C.patience     D.rest 25.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ____.[1996上海-17]   A.energy    B.source    C.power     D.material 26.He gained his____ by printing_____of famous writers. [NMET ]  A.wealth; work B.wealths;works C.wealths; work D.wealth;works A D C A D

14 2007高考预测练习 1. -How long is your _____ to work, Miss Tian Lily
2007高考预测练习 1. -How long is your _____ to work, Miss Tian Lily?  --Only about a quarter.   A. trip    B. journey    C. travel    D. voyage 2. We live on the _____ . Who lives in the sky?   A. earth     B. ground    C. soil     D. floor 3. I'm busy today, for I have lots of _____ to do.   A. job     B. work      C. position    D. works 4. The dictionary is of _____ to learners of English. A. importance B. important C. very important D.very importance 5. It is a top secret. You should keep it _____ .   A. a secret   B. secret     C. secrets     D. secreting A A B A B 小时侯/乡愁是一枚小小的邮票/ 我在这头/母亲在那头/ 长大后/乡愁是一张窄窄的船票/ 我在这头/新娘在那头/ 后来呵/乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓/ 我在外头/母亲呵在里头/ 而现在/乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡/ 我在这头/大陆在那头 ——余光中《乡愁》

15 名词答案    1. A trip是指短期旅行,强调往返;journey指从一地到另一地的长途或短途旅行;travel泛批名种旅行;voyage是指海上或空中旅行。   2.A 相对天天空而言,earth作"地球","大地"解。   3.B job泛指"应做的某种具体工作",也可指"任务","职务",是可数名词;position是正式用语,在专门职业上的工作,一般为"白领阶层"的工作。   4.A 此题考查"be of + 抽象名词"。   5.B 在本句话中,形容词充当代词it的补足语。 小时侯/乡愁是一枚小小的邮票/ 我在这头/母亲在那头/ 长大后/乡愁是一张窄窄的船票/ 我在这头/新娘在那头/ 后来呵/乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓/ 我在外头/母亲呵在里头/ 而现在/乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡/ 我在这头/大陆在那头 ——余光中《乡愁》

16 C 6. ____ car broke down on the way, but luckily they knew how to fix it.   A. Tom‘s and Jane’s      B. Tom‘s and Jane   C. Tom and Jane’s       D. Tom and Jane 7.These things must be put into ______ .   A. products  B. product   C. production  D. producing 8.I have three ______ .  A. sister-in-law        B. sisters-in-laws  C. sisters-in-law       D. sister-in-laws 9.What a lot of ______ I have to finish today!   A. works   B. work    C. job     D. workings 10.This is a ______ report.   A. three-thousand-words    B. three-thousand-word   C. three-thousands-words    D. three thousands-words C C B B 6.C 从it知,这车属于二人共同所有。   7.C put into应接名词作宾语;product指“产品”,production指“生产”。   8.C sister为中心名词,复数加在它身上。   9.B works表示“作品”,不合题意;job要用复数形式才行;workings指“矿内巷道”,不合题意。  10.B thousand前由具体数字,不加复数;有连字号时,名词应用单数。

17 11. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many ___. A
11. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many ___.   A. furniture           B. furnitures   C. pieces of furniture       D. furniture pieces 12. What ______ we have today!   A. a fine weather          B. fine weathers   C. fine weather          D. fine weathers 13. Yesterday he told me ______ news.  A. a good   B. such a good   C. so good a  D. a piece of good 14. What _____ it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather.   A. a fun    B. funs    C. the funs    D. fun 15. Our ______ protects us from the cold.  A. dress     B. clothing    C. clothes    D. cloth C C D D B 11.C furniture为不可数名词,只能由many pieces of来修饰。   12.C weather为不可数名词,不可由a修饰,也无复数形式。   13.D news为不可数名词,只可用a piece of修饰。   14.D fun为不可数名词,表示“有趣的人,有趣的事”。   15.B “衣物”表示为clothing(总称))clothes指除鞋帽之外的衣服, cloth指布匹。

18 B B 16. He said that two _____ would come to our village the next day.   A. women’s doctor          B. women doctors   C. women’s doctors         D. women doctor 17. In this strange village, there are many small flags on their _____ .   A. roof    B. roofs    C. roves    D. roofes 18. We saw a lot of _____ .   A. cow and sheep          B. cows and sheeps   C. cows and sheep          D. cow and sheeps 19. If you need an extra bed for your guest, you can use one of _____ .   A. my friend   B. friend   C. my friend’s   D. friends 20. We can’t judge her by her ______ . She might be a good guy.   A. look     B. looks     C. handsome     D. face B C C A 16.B woman(以及man)作定语,变成复数时,它和后面的名词都要变为复数。   17.B roof的复数形式应为roofs。   18.C sheep的复数形式仍然是sheep。   19.C one of my friends是双重所有格的表示。   20.A look指"长相、面容"。 练一练

19 祝同学们高考金榜题名!


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