非谓语动词作状语.

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1 非谓语动词作状语

2 to have been done having done being done having been done
非谓语动词的时态、语态 主 动 被 动 一般式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 to have done to be done to have been done 不定式 to do to be doing having done being done having been done doing / v-ing 过去分词 done

3 一．不定式作状语往往表示目的、结果、 原因、条件和比较。 a.表示结果、原因时，不可置于句首。 e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone. My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. b.在某些表示喜，恕，哀，乐等的形容词后 作原因状语： e.g. I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.

4 不定式的时态与语态 1.不定式的一般式to do表示的动作通常与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生 He woke up to find everybody gone. 2.不定式的完成式to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.

5 3.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。不定式的被动语态一般式to be done常表示将来动作。
The press conference is to be held tomorrow. 4.不定式的被动语态完成式to have been done 表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 The room seems to have been tidied up already

6 二. 动词的-ing形式可以作状语,在句中往往时间、结果、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
a. 不定式和-ing形式作结果状语时的区别 不定式作状语 v-ing形式作状语 表示出乎意料之外的结果 v-ing形式往往与主句有因果关系，主句表原因， v-ing形式表结果

7 1. He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.
表示出乎意料之外的结果 2. The storm left , having caused a lot of damage to the area. 表原因 表结果

8 b. 动词的-ing形式作条件状语时一般位于句首 。
e.g Going straight down the road, you will find the department store =If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store =Go straight down the road, and you will find the department store

9 V-ing的时态与语态 V-ing的一般式doing表示的动作通常与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生 2. V-ing的完成式having done表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前

10 3.当V-ing的逻辑主语是V-ing所表示的动作的承受者时, V-ing要用被动语态。 V-ing的被动语态一般式（being done）表示的动作通常与与谓语动作同时发生。 V-ing的被动语态完成式（having been done）表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前

11 三. 动词的-ed形式作状语时,在句中往往 表示时间、结果、原因、条件、 方式、让步等。 注意：“be+ 过去分词” 短语在句中出现时，改为非谓语动词作状语时，常用该动词的过去分词作状语 be caught in be faced with be lost in be determined to do be dressed in be seated be hidden be worn out

12 1. 非谓语作状语(主动/被动) 四. 总结 解题关键：主语与所填动词的主被动关系 确定用V-ing/过去分词/ 不定式的主被动动式
2. 非谓语作状语(一般式/完成式) 解题关键： a. 如果和谓语动词几乎同时发生或紧接着发生用一般式 b. 如果两个动作明显有先后/一个动作完成后另一动作才发生，用完成式。

13 问题一 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 和 To do…, +陈述句 的区别
3. 要注意的问题 问题一　 祈使句+and/or+陈述句 和 To do…, +陈述句 的区别 D ______ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite. A. To tie B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie ______ the problem _____ me and I ‘ll see what I can do with it. When left; for B. Leaving; to C. If you leave; with D. Leave; with D

14 问题二 句还子是分词：如果句中有连词（and/ but / or ..），要用句子.
1) ____ but he still could not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times 2) ____ so he had no difficulty ( in ) understanding English. A. Because he had been in London for 3 years B. Having been in London for 3 years C. He having been in London for 3 years D. He had been in London for 3 years C D

15 问题三　要特别注意非谓语的逻辑主语 D 1) Finding her car stolen, _____. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help C 2) While watching television, __________. A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings D 3. In order to make our city green, _____. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees

16 ( As soon as she heard the news,…)
问题四 注意介词+分词和连词+分词的用法 1. On hearing the news, she began to cry. On returning to Beijing, she called on most of her friends. 2. Though separated from each other for almost 20 year, I still recognized her at first sight. 3. If robbed, you can call 110. ( As soon as she heard the news,…) (As soon as she returned to Beijing,…) ( Though we were separated,…) ( If you are robbed,… )

17 Thank you