虚拟语气用法小结.

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1 虚拟语气用法小结

2 一、虚拟条件句 1.If引导的非真实条件句(以动词do为例)
在现在时中，从句用过去时did (be用were) ，主句用should (would, could, might) +do 在将来时中，从句用过去时did (should do, were to do) ，主句用should (would, could, might) + do 在过去时中，从句用had done，主句用should (would, could, might) + had done

3 例如： If I were you, I would consider their proposal. ( 与现在事实相反)
If I were to do it, I would do it another way. (与将来事实相反) She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. (与过去事实相反)

4 2.Suppose / supposing相当于what if可引出虚拟条件句，例如：
Suppose I accepted this offer. 假如我接受这个帮助，你会怎么说。 Supposing the train were late, what should we do? 假如火车晚点，我们怎么办？

5 3. 如果条件句中的渭语动词含有were, had或should, 有时可省略if, 将were, had或should移至主语的前面。例如：
Had he come a little earlier, I might have met him. Were he to leave tomorrow, I would go with him.

6 4. 错综时间的虚拟条件句 句中主、从句的虚拟语气的形式，根据主、从句不同的时间情况用适当的形式来表示。例如：
If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now. 如果你上次看到他时跟他说一下，现在就知道怎么做了。(从句和过去相反，主句和现在相反) If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. 要是我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的那场电影了。(从句和现在相反，主句和过去相反)

7 5. 含蓄虚拟条件句 Without his help, I couldn’t have done it. 没有他的帮助，我不可能完成它。
无if从句的出现而用其他的形式表现出虚拟的意义。例如： Without his help, I couldn’t have done it. 没有他的帮助，我不可能完成它。 But for the rain we would have had a pleasant journey. (要不是下雨，我们的旅途会很愉快。

8 二. 虚拟语气出现在名词性从句中，表示愿望、建议、命令或请求
用于宾语从句中。请熟记下列动词： suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, advise, beg, decide, deserve, determine, prefer, recommend, require, urge, vote, ask, desire, suppose, move… 上述动词后接宾语从句时，其谓语动词均采用(should)+ 动词原形来表示虚拟语气。

9 1、例如： I suggest that he (should) go at once.
In the past man generally preferred that their wives work at home.

10 2、用于主语从句中 It is desired (suggested, requested, ordered, decided, arranged, recommended…) that… It is strange (necessary, incredible, urgent, possible, essential, advisable, natural, important, preferable, ridiculous, vital, insistent, best, better…) that… It is a pity (shame, must…) that… 上述结构引起的主语从句中谓语动词采用(should)+ 动词原形构成虚拟语气。

11 例如： It is necessary that he be sent to prison at once.
It is best that workers have a pleasant place to relax.

12 3、用于表语从句或同位语从句中。请注意下列名词：
suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, recommendation, advice, decision, instruction, insistence, preference, necessity, requirement, resolution, motion, desire… 以上名词后出现的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词采用(should)+ 动词原形构成虚拟语气。

13 例如： My suggestion is that we (should) start out at once.
The professors gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 10:30. What do you think of the idea that we (should) go out for dinner this evening?

14 4、wish表示强烈的主观愿望，其宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气。
A.表示对将来的愿望，其从句中用could/would + do或were doing, 例如： I wish she would come tomorrow. She wishes that she were coming with us.

15 B.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，其从句中用过去式，例如：
I wish I remembered his address. They wish that they didn’t have to go to that place.

16 C.表示在此之前没有实现的愿望或不可能实现的愿望，其从句中用过去完成时或could have done，例如：
I wish we had traveled yesterday when the weather was fine. She wishes she could have been their yesterday.

17 三. 虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的应用 1.在lest, for fear that, in case (以防、惟恐) 引导的状语从句中，通常用(should) +动词原形来构成虚拟语气，其中in case也可用陈述语气。例如： Here is some money in case you (should) need it. The criminal escaped to another country for fear that he (should) be caught by the police. She obeyed her husband in everything lest he (should) be angry.

18 2.在so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中，常用should/might/could +动词原形的形式。例如：
She stood away so that he could enter. They went to the seaside in the summer in order that they could enjoy their vacation together.

19 3.在as if/though所引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气用过去式表示与现在事实相反或有所怀疑，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。例如：
She is so kind and beautiful as if she were an angel. He appeared as though he had known nothing about it.

20 注意：如果用于客观陈述，则用陈述语气。例如： It looks as if it is going to rain.

21 四. 其他形式的虚拟语气 1. It is (high, about) time that-从句中动词用过去式，表示“该到……的时候了”，例如： It is time that we left. It is high time he were taught a lesson.

22 2. would rather后的that-从句表示“宁愿、但愿”
表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 从句中用过去式，例如： He would rather it were winter now. I’d rather he sat next to me. 表示对现在或将来的愿望，从句中用原形动词，例如： I would rather that you call on me tomorrow. We would rather that he take this train. 表示与过去相反的事实用过去完成时，例如： Jim would rather that Bill had gone to the class. I’d rather that he had told me about that.

23 3. But that But that he saw it (= if he had not seen it), he would not have believed it. But that he helps (= if he doesn’t help), I should fail.

24 4.if only表示“但愿；要是……就好了”
If only he were alive！他要是活着就好了！ If only the explosion had not happened！爆炸没有发生就好了！