Articles

1. 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使 用，也没有词义，它用在名词 的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 2. 冠词分为不定冠词 a(an) 和定冠词 the 两种。

一. 不定冠词的用法

分析 ： a 和 an 均用于单数可数名词 之前，表示一类人或事物中的 “ 任何 ” 一个，相当于汉语中的 “ 一 ” ，但不 用于强调数目的概念。 例 1 Jack’s father is _____ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. /

例 2 There is ____ “f” and ____ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an 分析 ：在名词前使用 a 或 an 要取决于 该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是 元音因素，应用 an ；如果首字母的读 音是辅音音素，应用 a 。

1. a, e, i, o, u 五个元音字母处于词首 时，未必都是元音音素， u 发音 [ju:] 或 [ju] 前面用冠词 a ， u 读 [ ۸ ] 时 前面用冠词 an 。

2. 26 个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的 字母有： f [ef], h [eit], l [el], n [en], r [a:], s [es], x [eks] 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a European country. European 词首字母不发音， [j] 是辅 音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one [w] 是辅音音素。

例 3---Why not take ____ friend with you? ---That’s ____ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 分析 使用不定冠词指某人或某物， 但不具体说明是 何人或何物。

例 4 Take the medicine three times ____ day. A. a B. the C. an D./ 分析 使用不定冠词表示单位， fifty miles an hour 意为 “ 每小时 50 公里 ” ， twice a week 意为 “ 每周两 次 ” 。

例 5. English is _____language. It is _____ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / 分析 a language 意为 “ 一种语 言 ” 。 language 是可数名词。

例 6____ steel worker makes steel. A./ B. A C. This D. That 分析 a(an) 放于单数的可数名词前表 示 “ 一类 ” 。该句中 a steel worker 是指 钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式： A bike is slower than a car. The bike is slower than the car. Bikes are slower than cars.

例 7 Tom has ____ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./ 分析 表示生什么病前应用 a, have a headache, have a cold 。

例 8 Mary takes ____ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one 分析 give, take, have 与一些动词名 词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名 词前要加 a 。 have a talk (bath, look); make a living (promise); take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile)

例 9 The old woman had____ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this 分析 抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时， 该名词前要加 a 。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper.

二、定冠词的用法

例１ There is ___bridge over the river. ___ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A 分析 文章中第一次出现的可数名词 前用 a(an) 。下次再出现此名词则用 the 。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow.

例２ ___ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That 分析 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短 语限定时，名词前应加 the 来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports.

例 3 ____ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B. A C. One D. An 分析 序数词前表示顺序时前加 the 。 Mary is the third to come in.

例４ Winter is ____ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so 分析 形容词最高级前及 Only 修饰的名 词前均要加 the 。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class.

例５ ____ moon moves around __ earth, and they both are smaller than ____ sun. A. The, the, the B. A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a 分析 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无 二的物体名词前。

例６ We live in ____ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some 分析 表示东、南、西、北方的名词 前要加 the 。 The sun rises in the east.

例７ ____ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A 分析 the 放于姓氏的复数形式前时， 表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。

例８ He will go to see you off at ___ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./ 分析 the ＋普通名词构成专有名词。 the United States ／ the United Nations the People’s Republic of China

例９ I was playing ____ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this 分析 play ＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名 词前加 the 。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示数量时可用 a 。 This is a new piano against the wall.

例 10 Our teacher gets up early in ____ morning. A. the B./ C. a D. an 分析 牢记一些含 the 的习惯用语，在 句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening) ／ in the daytime at the beginning ／ in the end

例 11 There is a large ship in ____middle of the river. A. a B./ C. the D. any 分析 牢记一些含 the 的习惯用语，在句 中用作地点状语。 on the right (left)/in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest/ at the foot of the hill

例 12 Last night we went to ____ cinema. A. the B. a C./ D. those 分析 牢记一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre)

例 13 ____ young should care for and help ____ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an 分析 the ＋形容词（形容词名词化） 表示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful

例 14 The small town lies on ____ Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the 分析 定冠词 the 用在江河、海洋、山 脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain 华北平原

三. 零冠词的用法 不用冠词就叫做零冠词

例 1 Paper is made of ____ bamboo. A. a B. the C. / D. that 分析 物质名词和抽象名词前一般 不加冠词。 Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal.

例２ ____ January is the first month of the year. A. The B. A C. / D. That 分析 表示节日、月份的名词前一般 不加 the 。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时， 季节和月份前要加 the 。 He was born in the Summer of 1964.

例３ We have no classes ____ Sundays. A. the B. these C. \ D. those 分析 表示一周中七日的名称前一般 不加冠词。

例４ I studies ___English in___ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the 分析 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加 冠词。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe …)

例５ They often take a walk in ____ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C. / D. this 分析 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日） 之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New year’s Eve National Day Children’s Day Teachers’ Day Wall Street

例６ The thief was thrown into ___ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. / 分析 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工 作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。

背会下列词组： go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school 上这所学校 go to bed/ be on the bed 东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里

例７ He doesn’t have ____ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. / 分析 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词， 如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示 “ 一顿 … 的饭 ” ，可加 a 。 have a big supper (nice lunch)

例８ We go to work by __ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one 分析 表示交通工具的手段时，用 by ＋ 名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。 by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship) 或 by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介词 in 或 on ，名词前要加冠词或 物主代词。

例９ ____ running is good. A. The B. A C. / D. An 分析 动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing.

例 10 These boys play ____ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. / 分析 球类、棋类、游戏名称前 不加冠词。

例 11 The students of ____ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an 分析 名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加 冠词 the ；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序 数词前加冠词 the 。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson gate Five/ the fifth Gate

例 12 There is no ____ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. / 分析 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不 定代词、名词所有格或 any 和 no 时，均 不再用冠词。 no books, not a book, not any books

例 13 He often works late at ____ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all 分析 表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名 词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加 冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact 等。

例 14 What does this word mean, ____? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father 分析家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担 任的职务名词前不用冠词。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father 和 mother 大写时前不加物主代词， 小写时前要加物主代词，如： my father, his mother 。

注意： 有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其 意义有所不同。如： 1) at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 2) in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中

3) go to school 去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 4) go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那边去 5) in front of 在 … 的前面 in the front of 在 … 的前部

sit at table 吃饭 sit at the table 在桌子旁 be in charge of … 负责 … be in the charge of 由 … 负责 by day 在白天 by the day 按日 take place 发生 take the place of 代替 in possession of 拥有持有 in the possession of 某人所占有 in place of 代替 In the place of 在 … 的地方 be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 It is out of question 那是毫无疑问的 ＝ beyond question It is out of the question 那是根本不可能的 in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据 … 的见解

for a moment 一会儿 go to sea 去当水手 for the moment ( 暂时） go to the sea 去海边 two of us 我们中的两个 by sea 乘船 the two of us 特指我们两个 by the sea 在海边 on earth 在世上, 究竟 on the earth 在地球上 a number of 许多 the number of 的数字 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院

1. 表示一类人或事物中的 “ 任何 ” 一个，相当于汉语中 “ 一 ” ， 但不用于强调数目的概念。 2. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明 是何人或何物。 3. 表示单位 4. 表示 “ 一类 ” 不定冠词的用法

1. 文章中第一次出现的可数名词前 用 a (an) 。下次再出现此名词时。 2. 名词后有表示范围、地点的介词 短语限定时 3. 序数词前表示顺序时 4. 形容词最高级前及 only 修饰的名词 前。 5. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的 物体名词前。 定冠词的用法

6. 表示东、南、西、北方的名词前 7. 姓氏的复数形式前时, 表示一家人 或一姓的夫妇二人 8. the ＋普通名词构成专有名词。 9. play ＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名 词前加 the 。 10. the ＋形容词（形容词名词化） 表示一类人或事物 11. 定冠词 the 用在江河、海洋、山脉、 湖泊、群岛名称的前面

1. 物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词 2. 表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加 the 3. 表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词 4. 学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词 5. 在一些专有名词（地名、节假日） 之前不加冠词 6. 表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的 部门时，名词前不加冠词 7. 表示三餐的名词前不加冠词 不用冠词的场合

8. 表示交通工具的手段时，用 by ＋名词表 示，该名词前不用冠词。 9. 动名词前一般不用冠词。 10. 球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。 11. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代 词、名词所有格或 any 和 no 时，均不再 用冠词 12. 表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词 组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词 13. 家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任 的职务名词前不用冠词

在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们 改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字 读法特点。以下面一个数字为例： 6 ， 500 ， 431 ， 729 hundredthousand million billion 注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、 十、个向下读。

6 ， 500 ， 431 ， 729 seven hundred and twenty- nine thousand million billion six billion, five hundred million, four hundred and thirty-one thousand, hundred

1. Write a, an or the Where necessary. Mina lives in a-big city. She is (1)____ eighteen-year-old girl. She’s got. (2)___ brother and (3)___sister. Mina is (4)____ oldest child in (5)___ family. (6)_____city where she lives is very big. (7)_____ population is more than 10 million. Mina doesn’t have (8)____education. She has (9)____job working in (10)___factory. She hopes that one day she will have (11) ____chance to go to (12)____school. an a athe The an aa a/

2. Write the words with a, an, no article (/) or in plural form. 1 The (1)___________of many countries is increasing quickly. Because of this, it is difficult to provide enough (2)_____ which people need. crime experience hospital job population rubbish traffic population jobs

2 People who are ill need places in (1) _________. Policemen are also needed to fight (2)______. The cities and countryside need to be clean and free from(3)_________. 3 And because of too many cars, trucks and buses, there are a great number of(1)_______problems. This is not right. Living in a city should be an(2)________ which people enjoy, not one which is bad for them. hospital crime rubbish traffic experience

3. Complete the conversation with a, an, the or no article(/). to me, Venice is / most beautiful city in / Italy. To me, Venice is the most beautiful city in Italy.

1 A: we’re going on / holiday / at/end of / school term 2 B: are you going skiing in /mountains again? 3 A: no, we’re going to/Sicily 4 B: is that Capital city of Italy? 5 A: no, it’s / island / off / west coast of / Italy 6 A: all / people who have been there say it’s one of/most beautiful places in / world We’re going on holiday at the end of the school term. Are you going skiing in the mountains again. No, we’re going to Sicily. Is that the capital of Italy? No, it’s an island off the west coast of Italy. All the people who have been there say that it’s one of the most beautiful places in the world.

4. Work in pairs. Guess the population of each country in the list. Write the list in order, starting from the largest population. Australia the Bahamas China United States of America 1,313,000, ,000,000 20,137, ,00 Now, listen and check.

Exercise

1.There’s no air or water on ____ moon. 2. ___ Yellow River is ___ second longest river in ___ China. 3. My mother bought me ___ very nice bike. I like ____ bike very much. 4. Xiao Ming likes playing ____ basketball, but he doesn’t like playing _____ piano. the The the a / /

5. The students don’t have classes in ___ afternoon on ____ Saturday. 6. I often watch TV in ____ evening. 7. Let’s go out for ____ walk. 8. What would you like for lunch, __ coffee or ____ milk? the / a / /

1. - Is it ___ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is ___ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an 2. There’s ___ dictionary on ___ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the 3. ___ earth we live on is bigger than ___ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the

4. It takes us nearly ___ hour to go to Korla by ___ air. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, / D. a, the 5. My uncle isn’t ___ old man, and he likes playing ___ football. A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, / 6. ___ car in front of our school gate is__. A. The, the Turners’ B. A, the Turner’s C. /, the Turners’ D. The, the Turners