高考英语短文改错 试题解析 内蒙古师范大学外国语学院 方芳 2011 年 3 月
一、短文改错设疑方式 此 题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有 题号的每一行做出判断: 1) 如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个 ( );如有错误(每行只有一个错误), 则按下列情况改正:
2) 此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用写线划掉。 ( 多一词) 3) 此行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( /\ ), 在该行右边的横线上写出该加的词。(缺一词) 4) 词行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右 边横线上写出改正后的词。 (错一词)
2005 — 2009 年 高考英语短文改错设疑方式 设疑 方式 2005 年 2006 年 2007 年 2008 年 2009 年 2010 年 正确 多一 词 缺一 词 错一 词
二、短文改错主要特点 1. 短文难度符合学生水平; 2. 短文改错的得分年年有保障; 3. 短文改错的试题难度年年在提高; 4. 短文改错的语篇意识年年在强化;
三、短文改错主要考查的能力 1) 识别错误并准确校正错误的能力; 2 )综合运用英语知识的能力; 3 )准确理解语篇,掌握内容及行文 逻辑的能力。
四、短文改错题答题思路 第一步:通读文章,了解大意 第二步:逐句分析,行中找错 第三步:再读短文,检查漏洞 文章 → 句子 → 行 → 文章
五、短文改错应试技巧 1. 了解常见错误 2. 提高语篇意识 3. 掌握答题思路
( 一) 、 短文改错中常出现的错误 名词 动词 形容词副词 介词 冠词 连词 数词 代词 句子结构 常用固定短语或固定用法
1. 名词 : 单复数用错;可数不可数混用。 ( 1 ) He agreed to …and give me advices on how to write like a real writer. 85 (NMET 2010) ( 2 ) I’d like to …there for half an hour, visiting place of interest … 80 (NMET 2008) ( 3 ) …I looked at his other hands… 83 (NMET 2007)
2. 动词 : 时态和语态变化 ( 1 ) He agreed to reading my story and …84 (NMET 2010) ( 2 ) I’d like to staying there for half an hour, visiting…80 (NMET 2008) ( 3) …we walked.then I ask him, ‘grandpa , how come… 78 (NMET 2007)
3. 形容词副词 : 混用 (( 1 ) …gentleman living near my house, who was a very much famous writer. 83 (NMET 2010) ( 2 ) Unfortunate , there are too many people in my family . ( 3 ) I was only about 6 that he held my hand out to me. 78 (NMET 2007)
4. 介词: 多余,缺失和错用 ( 1) I imagine you’ll at vocation yourself by that time. 84 (NMET 2008) (2) Each ∧ these lines stands for a trouble in my life. 82 ( NMET 2007)
5. 冠词 : 定冠词和不定冠词的互改;确 实和增加。 1) there was Uncle Chen, ∧ gentleman living near my house. 82(NMET 2008) Because there are more the honors and joys in my life. 85(NMET 2007)
6. 数词 : 基数词和序数词的混用和错用 主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如 分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等, 基数词的复数形式如几百 hundreds of , 几千 thousands of 漏掉了 s ,或是当其前 有具体数字或 several 时加了复数,如 seven hundred ,写作 seven hundreds 。
7. 连词 : 不合句中的逻辑关系 ( 1 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. ( 2 ) I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
8. 代词: 格与数的的错用。 ( 1 ) …I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. ( 2 ) I was learning to express me in simple English.
9. 常用固定短语或固定用法 : 用错。 ( 1 ) Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things ∧ well as them. ( 2 ) Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I’m an only child. ( 3 ) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
10. 句子结构 : 不完整;成分有冗缺; 词性与功能不对等;关系词引导词不得当。 ( 1 ) They ∧ eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. ( 2 ) I live in Beijing , where is the capital of China. ( 3 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also…
六、短文改错特别注意的几个 问题类型 一、一致性问题 二、词意重叠 三、逻辑关系
1. 主谓一致 1 ) What are your favourite sport? 2 ) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
2. 时态一致 1 ) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home . 2 ) They offered me coffee and other drinks . We have a good time talking and laughing .
3. 名词的单复数一致 1 ) …and asked me lots of question . 2 ) We study quite a few subject , such as maths , … 3 ) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success , …
4. 代词的性、数一致 1 ) The Smiths did his best to make me feel… 2 ) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the games .
5. 语意一致 1 ) She was smiling but nodding at me. 微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关 系。
二、词意的重叠( 1 ) 1 ) Today I visited the Smiths———my first time visit to… 2 ) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow 3) Whenever I see them I often think of my English teacher .
逻辑关系 ( 1 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. ( 2 ) I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
七、应注意的细节 1 .注意联系上下文。 2 .注意破行句。 3 .注意是否虚拟。 4 .注意是否是真理。 5 .注意是否时间、空间变换。 6. 注意拼写正确
7 .发散性思维,注意一词多义,一词多性。 8 .先易后难。 一般来说, 行文逻辑比语法错 误更隐蔽,不会的要放到最后考虑。 9 .注意标记的准确性(左右各给 0.5 分) 10 .以句子为单位而不是以行 为单位进行判断。
Wish you success !