language Points in the text

1.It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 当时被人们称作“杀手”的“虎鲸”帮助捕鲸人在须鲸每年 洄游的季节将它们捕获。

本句中when引导定语从句，先行词为time；该定语从句中 又包含as引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句。此处 a time表示“一段时间”，若引导词在从句中作状语，则应用 关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句； 若引导词在从句中作宾语，则一般用which或that引导定语 从句。如：

1. witness 1) (vt ) “亲眼看到” 你亲眼看到那场事故了吗？ Did you ________ the accident? 2) witness (vi) “作证”、“证明” witness to sth/doing sth”： 他作证说他看到那个人进入大楼的. He ______ to having seen the man enter the building. 3）witness (n) “目击者”“证人”证据。 她被传唤作被告证人。 She was called as a _______ _______ . be a witness to ….是…的目击者 bear / give witness to sth为…作证 witness (在法庭上)作证 witnessed defense witness

The witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness. ______________________________________________ 答案：这个目击了这次事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并答 应做证人。

3. On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 在我到达捕鲸场的那个下午, 正当我准备膳宿时, 我听到一声巨响从海湾传来。

as, when和while 1) as强调主从句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as, 不用when或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去, 天气越变越坏。

2) when可表示瞬间、时间段，主从句动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。　　 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

3) as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 　 4) while用于同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴发生, 常对同类动作进行对比。

＊________ you have finished your work, you may have a rest. ＊____________ I stopped my car, a man came up to me. ＊____ the day went on, the weather got worse. ＊____________ was walking down the street, I met an old friend. When When (As) As When (while)

I sort out the mail. 2.澄清,解决(问题/困难) 我们有几个小问题要解决。 我分拣邮件。 I sort out the mail. 2.澄清,解决(问题/困难) 我们有几个小问题要解决。 We’ve got a few little problems to sort out.

3．We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞然大物猛力跃出水面， 然后又坠落到水里。 不定式短语to see an enormous animal...作结果状语。 opposite us 作后置定语修饰an enormous animal；现在分 词短语throwing itself out of the water和crashing down again作宾语补足语。

与THROW相关的短语： throw cold water on 泼冷水 throw off 抛弃，摆脱 throw over 回棋，变换 throw away 浪费，拒绝 throw down 打倒，推翻 throw up 呕吐 throw out 伸开四肢

throw off , throw out , throw away, throw down, throw up The little girl _________ her hands to hug her mother. 2) Tom can’t __________ his cold. 3) He drank a lot, and he ________ on his way home. 4) As a young man, he _________ much money. 5) He __________ the young man and ran away. threw out throw off threw up threw away threw down

与OUT OF 相关的短语： out of breath 上气不接下气 out of date 过时的 out of control 失控 out of question 可能的 out of the question 不可能的 out of repair 失修

A will do 表--不是事先经过考虑的将来动作 are about to is going to is to will ★ be going to 表示打算或计划做某事或根据某种迹象判断将要发生的事。 ★be to do表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 ★be about to 表示即将发生的动作，“正要，即将”，不与具体的表将来时间连用，但可以与when引导的时间状语连用。 ◆ Don’t go out now , we ______ have supper . ◆ The wind went down toward sunset . It _____ ___________ be fine tomorrow . ◆ The Queen _________ visit Beijing next year. ◆ His sister is 13 years old , and she _____ be 14 years old next year . .--- Have you posted my letter ? --- Oh , I forgot it . --- I __________ post it myself . A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to are about to is going to is to will A

③. come on加油,催促,开始 come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见come out 出版, 开（花） come through经历(疾病.困难等) come up走近，发芽 come to 涉及,总计苏醒 The cost of the journey ________ 3000 yuan. Rain ________ just before daybreak . How did the accident ___________ ? When will the book __________ ? I _____________ my teacher in the street yesterday . The seeds haven’t __________ yet . The old man _____________ the World WarⅠ. comes to came on come about come out came across come up came through

went ahead of the others 2) 比……强(好)” A man ______________________to see if the road was clear . 他的语文比我强. He is__________________________. ※ ahead of time “提前” We finish the task________________. head V.朝…方向移动 我们将船驶向外海. We headed the boat out to sea. 他们正朝家走去. They are heading home. head 带领 该党现在由谁领导? Who is heading the party? went ahead of the others ahead of me in Chinese ahead of time

8．head vi.朝……方向移动；出发；动身；驶往…… They are heading home, hand in hand. 他们手拉着手正朝家里走去。

知识拓展 (1)head for向(某处)行进 head out离去；启程 (2)head n．头；头脑；智力；理解力 bury one's head in the sand逃避现实 keep one's head保持镇定 have one's head in the clouds想入非非；做白日梦 They are heading for New York with confidence. 他们满怀信心地朝纽约的方向进发。

I have a long way to go before dark so I'm going to head out. 天黑前我还有很远的路要走，我得上路了。 It is useless to have your head in the clouds all day long. 整天做白日梦是没用的。 She was able to keep her head in the crisis. 她在这次危机中保持了清醒的头脑。 If there is a war, you cannot bury your head in the sand. 如果有了战争，你不能逃避现实。

They were forced to flee the country. 2) vi. flee from sth 恐慌的人们从火里逃出. ②a pack of 一盒,一包;一伙…,一群… 一群猎犬追捕狐狸。 A pack of dogs chased the fox. 我一天抽一包香烟。 I smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. flee – fled – fled “逃避,逃跑, 逃离” 1) vt. flee sth They were forced to flee the country. 2) vi. flee from sth 恐慌的人们从火里逃出. The alarmed people fled from the fire .

brought about bring out was brought up bring in bring up 吐出(vt); 抚养,养育 bring about 带来,造成 What _____________his illness ? Please __________ the meaning of the passage . 3) Henry________________ by his uncle . 4) When he was young , he began to sell goods , which made him _________ a lot of money . brought about bring out was brought up bring in

on to 2. in the meantime = meanwhile (adv.) “在此期间,与此同时” 在事故中, 很多人都死了, 但同时有一些没有 受伤. In the accident ,many people were killed ,but meanwhile (in the meantime ) some were unhurt . . feed on “吃,以……为主食” Cows feed on hay during winter . ◆ feed … on sth= feed sth to …“以…为饲养” We feed our dogs _______meat . = We feed meat _______ our dogs . on to

abandoned 4. abandon (vt.) “放弃,抛弃,遗弃” Many people were killed by the chemical weapons __________ by the Japanese during the World War Ⅱ. ※ abandon one’s country 背弃祖国 abandon one’s friend 背弃朋友 abandon a bad habit 革除恶习 abandon one’s hope 放弃希望 abandon one’s idea 放弃主意 hold up 举起 我举手表示有问题. I held up my hand to show that I had a question. hold up 使延误 我们在前往机场的路上因为堵车而延误了。 We were held up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam. abandoned

help out “帮助……(摆脱困境或危险)” 我做不出这道数学题.请帮我一下. I can’t work out the math problem . Please_________________. ※ help sb (to) do sth help sb with sth with the help of sb = with one’s help can’t help doing sth can’t help to do sth 1.Hearing the news , she couldn’t help __________ ( cry). 2. I am busy now , and I can’t help _____ (do) the housework now . 3. He often helps me _________ (study) . help me out 帮助某人干某事 在......帮助某人 在某人的帮助下 情不自禁地干某事 不能帮助干某事 crying to do with study

5．It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. 我们花了半个多小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地 方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托 着詹姆斯。

(1)and连接两个并列分句。 第一个分句属于“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型， 其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。 第二个并列分句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句。 ①It only takes me thirty minutes to walk from here to the station. 我从这儿步行到车站仅需30分钟。 ②It was raining when I got up this morning. 我今天早上起床的时候天正在下雨。

An experienced worker will know how to approach the problem correctly. 一位有经验的工人知道如何正确处理这个问题。 She took the wrong approach in her dealing with them. 她用错误的手段与他们打交道。 (3)本句中hold up意为“举起，支撑”。此外，hold up还可 表示“阻碍，延误”。如： If you know the answer, hold up your hands, please. 如果你知道答案，请举手。 We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam. 交通堵塞耽误了我们五分钟时间。

知识拓展 hold back抑制；控制；阻挡，拦阻 hold on坚持住，挺住；(电话)不挂断，等一下 活学活用 (1)汉译英 她花了几乎一整天的时间去寻找她的小狗。当她找到它的时 候，她看见它正被一个小女孩牵着。 ______________________________________________ 答案：It took her almost a whole day to look for her dog and when she found it, she saw it being tied by a little girl.

Language points

at the beginning of 在…开始时 It was a time when….. 这是一段….的时期 hear of 听说 witness … with one’s own eyes in time throw…out of yell out be about to do keep doing have on race after sb aim sth at hit the spot lead sb to sth be terrified of 在…开始时 这是一段….的时期 听说 亲眼看到 及时 冲出来 大声喊叫 正要做某事时 保持做某事 穿上 跟着某人跑 把…瞄准… 击中目标 带领某人去…. 害怕……

They are leaving in 3days---____ ______ _____,next Friday.(换句话说) she _______ ______ ____ ____ her new job.(她很快就适应了她的新工作.) It happened in my _________.(这事发生在我没在的时候.) I can’t drink as ____ ____ _____ _____.(我不能喝那么甜的咖啡.) ____ ____ ___ ____ that she should refuse to accept this suggestion.(真遗憾她拒绝了这个建议.) _____ ____ ____ that so many passengers were unhurt in the accident?(在这次事故中,那么多乘客没受伤,这是不是很令人惊讶?) in other words adapted herself quickly to absence sweet coffee as that It is a pity Is it surprising

7. He said he had nothing to _____ _____ ______.(他说他什么都不怕.) 8. it’s time for us to _____ ________ our differences and work together for a common purpose.(放下) 9. She is very upset. _____ ______ ______ for a few minutes.(让她安静几分钟) 10. Did you ________ the accident?(亲眼看到这个意外吗?) 11. I’m just ____ _____ the papers that can be thrown away.(我正在整理可能扔掉的文件.) 12. ______ _____ ______ was a big river.(我们面前有一条大河.) be afraid of set aside Leave her alone witness sorting out Ahead of us

13. The conference will begin in an hour; _____ _______ ____________ , let’s have a coffee.(会议一小时后开始,在此期间,我们喝杯咖啡吧) 14. Many people were killed by the weapons ______ ________ the Japanese during World War Two.(很多人被二战期间日本人遗留下来的化学武器害死了.) 15. Women are often ______ _______ _____ their feelings than men.(更能意识到自己的感情.) 16. Everything is ______ _______ in this house.(乱七八糟) 17. They all _____ _______ the burning building last night.(逃离) in the meanwhile abandoned by more aware of upside down fled from

1. Complete the sentences with suitable words from the Unit. 1) He ________to having seen the man enter the building. 2) I will do my utmost to help you find _____________. 3) In his early days he _____________medicine for literature. 4) He __________that he had no right to do this. 5) Our dining-room tries to cater to all passengers‘_________. witnessed accommodation abandoned reflected tastes

6) He was so __________- minded he could see through a keyhole with two eyes. 7) I'm ________to look down from the top of a tall building. 8) We'd like to see your _______report for the last two years. 9) The teacher has a very good ___________with her students. 10) During the civil war thousands of people ____ the country. 11) The escaped prisoner was _________from his hiding-place. narrow scared annual relationship fled dragged

2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases from the Unit. 1) He's the one man who can ____you ___of your difficulty. 2) By working hard he got _________the rest of the class. 3) Just dump everything over there I'll ______it ______later. 4) I want you to __________the situation before it affects you. help out ahead of sort out be aware of

5) Everything in the room was turned ________ _________. 6) I _____________give up when the good news came. 7) We heard the bell striking 2 o' clock ________ __________. 8) He took ___________cigarettes from his shirt pocket. 9) The corporal and two soldiers had come up ________________. 10) Let them who agree __________their hands! upside down was about to in the distance a pack of in the meantime hold up