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Unit 10 American literature

American literature Native Americans Pioneers slavery the Civil War Important themes Native Americans 印第安人 Pioneers 西进的移民 American literature slavery 奴隶制 the Civil War 美国内战

印第安人 印第安人的文化兴起于欧洲人发现美国新大陆的时候

印第安人 在向大自然的斗争中创造了自己的文化， 主要是民间口头创作，包括神话传说和英雄传说

早期移民的文化， 开始时文学发展比较缓慢。 西进的移民 最 早 的作品 是游记、日记之 类 的文字

奴隶制 的产生形成了黑人文学     美国黑人文学起源于黑人奴隶歌曲，这些歌曲，不论是悲歌还是民歌，倾诉了黑人背井离乡、沦为奴隶的痛苦心情。

美国内战催生了 美国民族文学的形成. 这场斗争产生大量的革命诗歌

美国文学中的民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈 美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程 总的特点是开朗、豪放,内容庞杂与色彩鲜明

A sacrifice for love

Sacrifice 牺牲,献出 祭品 作动词: vt. 作出牺牲；献出 sacrifice one’s life to do sth 牺牲某人的生命做某事 He sacrificed his life to save the child 2. 作名词: n. 牺牲 奉献 make sacrifices for sb 为某人作出牺牲 父母经常为子女作出牺牲. Parents often make sacrifices for their children

《麦琪的礼物》写一对穷困的年轻夫妇相互赠送圣诞礼物中的巧合，刻划了他们捉襟见肘的生活与相互体贴的感情。

O Henry

　本文作者是美国２０世纪初最著名的短篇小说家欧·亨利。他擅长写短篇小说，共创作了将近三百篇，使他享有国际声誉。尤其是《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》等多篇脍炙人口的佳品

Careful reading

Decide whether the following sentences are true or false. James Dillingham Young was a rich young man. 2. Della lived in a neighborhood with many trees and flowers. 3. Jim and Della had two possessions. 4. Della thought having a haircut will make Jim happy. 5. Della decided to have her hair cut out of her love for Jim.

Della’s beautiful and long hair

Jim’s gold watch

Pennies saved one or two at a time by bargaining at the grocery, at the bakery and the butcher’s until one’s cheeks burnt. (Para1) 这些一分分的钱是在杂货店、面包店和肉店每次通过讲价直到争得面红耳赤省下来的。 Time 的词组 at a time 一次；每次 2. all the time 一直地 3. at times 有时候 4. at one time 曾经 过去 5. at the same time 在同时 6. at no time 绝不

Bargain vi. [就买卖之事] 讨价还价,议价,讲价 He bargained with the salesman about the price. There was an electric bell that did not work, with a card next to it bearing the name “Mr James Dillingham Young” (Para2) 有一个坏了的电铃， 电铃旁边有张卡片上面写着 “詹姆斯 狄龙汉姆 杨先生” Bear 为动词 意思是“负担，承担，忍受，携带” Bearing 在此处作 a card 的定语 意思为 “携带 写着， 上面有”

She can’t bear him. 2. He bears the responsibility of supporting the whole family. 3. The book bears the author’s signature. 她无法容忍他 他担负着照顾他全家的责任 书上有/写着作者的签名

attend to: pay attention to, deal with, look after 注意；专心，处理；照料，关照 Notes Della finished crying and attended to her cheeks with the power rag.(Para.3 p84.) 德拉哭完了，用粉饼在脸颊上抹了一点粉 attend to: pay attention to, deal with, look after 注意；专心，处理；照料，关照 Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 出席，参加 attend school /church /the meeting /the wedding

Twenty dollars a week does not go far. (Para.3 p84) 每周20美元根本就不够用 go far （钱等）耐花，价值大(常用于否定句); 效力大，大有帮助；成功 Although he earns 1000 yuan a month, It doesn’t go far for his family.

Expenses had been greater than she had calculated at great /little/ no expense 花费很大/很少/ 没有花费 2. at the expense of sb/sth “以… 为代价” at one’s (own) expense 由/让某人付费 He bought a car at great expense He saved the girl at the expense of his life. The dinner was at my own expense.

Many happy hours had she spent planning for something nice for him Many happy hours had she spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare--- something worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim. 她花费了很多时间来为他准备了一件好礼物，一些精美的东西，一些珍奇的东西－－ 一些值得吉姆拥有的东西 这句话的使用了倒装， 正常语序为 She had spent many happy hours planning ……..

Be worthy of sth/ being done/ to be done He is worthy of your trust. 他值得你的信任 Your advice is worthy of being considered. = Your advice is worthy to be considered. 你的建议值得考虑

She pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.（第5段） 她披散开头发，让它尽情舒展开来 And then she quickly did it up again.（第5段） 她很快把头发梳理好 do up 系，扣；收拾，整理；打扮，梳妆 do up the buttons do up the furniture do up the rooms 系纽扣 整修家具 粉刷房间

Down flowed the brown cascade. 棕色的小瀑布飘垂下来（第7段） 此句为倒装语序， The brown cascade flowed down. “If Jim doesn’t kill me.” she said to herself, “before he takes a second look at me , he’ll say I look like a Coney Island choir girl.” “如果吉姆不杀了我，”她自言自语道：“在他再看我一眼之前，他会说我看起来像一个科尼岛歌舞女孩” a Coney Island choir girl: 科尼岛属于纽约市布鲁克区。科尼岛歌舞女孩是当时那里娱乐业从业人员的一种典型形象

with +宾语+分词(或adj./adv./prep./不定式) 在句中常作状语 With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. （第8段） 这条表链若装在吉姆的表上，他无论在哪家公司里上班都会很关注时间的。 with +宾语+分词(或adj./adv./prep./不定式) 在句中常作状语 1.It is not polite to speak with your mouth full. 2. With many things to do, I have to hurry up. With +名词＋形容词 作伴随状语 With ＋名词＋不定式 作原因状语

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