2014秋季CET-4 单词及词组听写专题
题型说明 单词及词组听写测试采用一篇220-250词的短文,删去若干个单词和词组。考生需根据所听到的原文填写空缺的单词和词组。共10题。单词及词组听写在四级考试中的分值比例为10%。 在朗读模式上,单词及词组听写全文共朗读三遍。第一遍全文朗读时,考生需着重获取短文的主旨大意。第二遍朗读时,考生需用所听到的原文填空。第三遍全文朗读时,考生需核对填入的内容。
单词及词组听写6大应试技巧 技巧1 由上下文语义预测答案 英语文章通常是由段落、意群等构成的,上 技巧1 由上下文语义预测答案 英语文章通常是由段落、意群等构成的,上 一个意群与下一个意群间往往存在一定的前后关系 。在听写中,所缺单词或词组的前后文通常是完整 的,语义也较清晰。此时,我们可以考虑利用卷面 的这些已知信息,预知空格可能缺的内容。
【四级真题】 …There are no simple anwsers. Still, there are certain conditions ____ with rising crime: increasing heterogeneity of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments…
【分析】应填入associated。该句所在句子的上 文提到,日益增加的犯罪(rising crime)没有简 单的答案,随后用Still一词在意思上进行转折,接 着列出几个原因(conditions)。由这些已知信 息可推断,所缺单词要表达这些原因与日益增加 的犯罪有关联。加上空前面的系动词are及其后 的with,可预测答案可能是relevant, related, associated等。带着这些预测,相信不难听出答案就是associated。
技巧2 由上下文并列关系预测答案 当需填的单词或词组所在的空格前后出现并列 关系时,考生可好好利用。通常来说,并列关系前 技巧2 由上下文并列关系预测答案 当需填的单词或词组所在的空格前后出现并列 关系时,考生可好好利用。通常来说,并列关系前 后的内容常常是相互对应的。通过分析并列关系前 后的内容,常常能准确预测空格所缺的成分。
【四级真题】 …For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the _____ a composer included in a musical composition… 【分析】应填入instruments。并列连词or前面讲 到artist画画使用的颜色,根据并列的对应关系, 那么后面要讲的可能是作曲家进行音乐创作使用 的乐器。由此可预测此空可能要填instruments。 结合录音即可确认答案就是instruments。
技巧3 由固定搭配预测答案 固定搭配常常是听写中一个常见的考点。如果平时注重积累一些常用的固定搭配,应该不难通过所掌握的固定搭配预测答案。
【四级真题】 In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be _____ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process… ,
【分析】应填入classified。通读句子可知,这里想要表 达的意思是:inform的方法可分成三类。所缺的单词与前 面的be及后面的into正好是要表达“可分成”这个语义。常 用表示这一语义的词组包括divide into, separate into, classify into 等。带着这三个预测的答案,结合录音,即 可确认答案是classify into。注意此处用了被动语态, classify 要改成classified。 ,
技巧4 由空格所在句关键词预测答案 英文句子,无论其结构多复杂,归根到底常常都是由一个或数个关键词,通过一定语法关系组合起来的。其中,句子中表达最主要意思的往往就是那些关键词。在听写中,预读时准确把握空格所在句的关键词, 常常有助于预测所缺的内容。
【四级真题】 …Factual writing provides ____ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art…
【分析】应填入background。通过预读可知,空格所在句介绍factual writing这种文体,这是怎样一种文体呢?writing前面的关键词factual 表明这是一种基于事实的文体。介绍作者、作曲家的有关事实的文体,相信应该会提供介绍性的或背景类的信息。因而,在预读时,我们可预测该空需填basic,general,background等词。结合录音可快速确定background是答案。
技巧5 掌握语音规则 尽管可以借助卷面的已知信息预测答案,从而辅助答题,但准确辨音是听写以及其他听力理解考试答题的最基本要求。如果不能分辨出单词的正确发音,词义的理解上难免会出现偏差,甚至可能将要求填入的单词理解成与其意思完全相反的单词。听力考试中要准确辨音,常常可借助于对语音规则的掌握和运用。
通过分析可发现,听力考试中经常可能出现的语音现象包括连读、弱读、同化等。连读是指语速加快时,处于同一意群的两个相邻单词连在一起发音的语音现象。弱读,即音的弱化,指在口语中,某些元音由于语速快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准音,而变为弱化元音的语音现象。常见的弱化方式有长元音被读成短元音,如been /bi: n/读成 /bin/;省掉一个元音或一个辅音,如have /hæv /省略读成/v/;等等。
同化: 指一个音在连贯发音中由于受邻近音的影响而发生读音变化,如Couldn’t you do it by yourself 同化: 指一个音在连贯发音中由于受邻近音的影响而发生读音变化,如Couldn’t you do it by yourself? 这个问句中, Couldn’t 结尾的/t/与you 中/j /由于连贯发音则可能发成[t∫] ,从而导致读音发生变化。
此外,英语中存在多个单词发同一个音的现象,即单词同音现象。这就意味着,即使我们准确听出一个单词的发音,还应借助上下文语境,确保填入的单词是正确答案。
【四级真题】 …The _____ size of growth is bad enough… 【分析】应填入sheer。听录音时可发现,此处所缺单词的发音为 /ʃiə / 。然而,发/ʃiə / 这个音的单词有两个,一个是形容词sheer“绝对的,纯粹的”;另一个是动词shear “修剪,剪切 ”。不要着急填入其中一个,根据空格前后的上下文分析一下即可发现,此空需要一个形容词修饰后面的名词size, 动词一般不作名词修饰语,由此排除动词shear,填入形容词sheer。
技巧6 熟悉单词书写规则 听到空格缺什么单词还不够, 要真正拿分最后还得落实到写的环节,即要按要求把单词或词组的正确形式拼写出来。在听写过程中,需要听写的单词常常在形式上有要求注意的地方(如需要听写的单词常常可能是复数形式,需要在单数形式上做相应的变化),没能把握住这些单词拼写需要注意的地方会被扣分。为确保准确性,在拼写单词时应注意以下几点:
1.句首及专有名词等要大写。如果要听写的单词位于一个句子的开头,或根据上下文得知这是一个专有名词成分,那么所填写单词的首字母记得要大写。
2. 单词各音节之间的辅音字母,注意是否双写,例如, success, process, necessary, recommend 等词都包含了需要双写的辅音字母。
3. 注意不发音的字母。有些单词里面包含了不发音的字母,比如,island, exhausted, isle, comb 等词中分别包含了不发音的s, h, e, b。注意,不要漏写了单词的不发音字母,而要把不发音的字母写好,则应注重平日的积累。
4. 掌握单词词尾的变形, 如掌握名词单数与复数,抽象名词的常用后缀,所有格;非谓语动词与谓语动词的形式;形容词的比较级及最高级变化形式等。
【四级真题】 …_____ for the change has been the astonishingly (swift) development in recent years of the computer… 【分析】应填入Responsible。该词需与介词for 构成搭配,responsible for 表示“对……负责”。注意要听写的该词位于句子的开头,其首字母r记得要大写。
【四级真题】 … one result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis, which simply means the amount you learn ____ on the time you spend trying to learn it… 【分析】应填入depends。由空格前面的 the amount 可知, 此空需要一个第三人称单数形式的动词作谓语,并与介词 on 构成搭配。depend on“取决于”,注意词尾的s不要漏掉。
【四级真题】 …rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few _____ … 【分析】应填入 offences/offenses。由空格前的few判断此处需要复数动词作动词 report 的宾语。offences 意为“犯罪,冒犯”,注意复数词尾s不要漏掉。该词美式英语拼写为offenses。
常用单词缩写(仅供参考) APT apartment ADV advice ASAP As soon as possible DEPT Department FLT Flight GD Good IMPS Impossible I/O In stead of IVO In view of MDL Model MGR Manager MKT Market NCRY Necessary ORD Ordinary WK Week WT weight ADS Address BAL Balance FNL Final INFO Information IMP(T) Important INTST Interested PC Piece RPT Repeat SEC Section STD Standard UR Your WL will PLS Please POSS Possible RCV Receive TKS Thanks U you
四级单词及词组听写核心词汇与短语列表(仅供参考) 2006-06 expense research responsibility interrupt decay immigrant necessarily I don’t get along with her. Too much fat and sugar will ruin your health. What kind of benefit package do you offer?
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2012-12 passive smoking popular igures participate interdependence complicated human behavior confusing responsible When you are first learning something, you are better off working alone. The school’s success or failure depends on their decisions and their behavior. We don’t choose friends on the basis of how much money they have.
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