高考基础知识训练 听力、单选、完形 黄子华
听力 单选 完形 设题方向 解题技巧 复习建议
听力复习
高考英语听力要求考生 能够听懂日常生活中简短的英语会话和独白(故事或新闻), 理解说话者的意图和观点, 获取事实性的具体信息, 并能对会话的背景以及说话者之间的关系做出正确的推断。
设题方向 1.时间、数字及计算。 2.地点、方向。 3.职业、身份与人物关系。 4.请求、建议、行动、计划。 5.目的、原因、结果。 6.隐含意思、推理判断。
1.时间、数字及计算 提问方式一般是:When...? At what time...? On which day...? How many hours...? What is sb's house number? What is sb's telephone number? How long...?等。
策略: 读题预测明确此类试题后要特别注意录音中的时间和数字,及时作笔记,如涉及计算,则须把相关数字都记下,以防出错。 平时训练中,可对英语数字、日期,尤其是读音相近的数字(如fifty和fifteen等)和复杂的数字反复练习听,达到熟练程度。
2.地点、方向。 1.对话中涉及到几个地点,试题就某一个地点提问; 2.对话发生在未明说的某一特定地点,要求考生根据话题、对话内容判断其地点。方向题的考点是某一说话人问路或说话者准备去哪儿。提问方式是: Where...?
策略: 根据预测,明确了地点、方向题后,听录音时应特别注意地点,也可适当作记录。 同时要注意对话话题,据此可做出说话人所在地点或去向的判断,如谈看电影则去电影院等。
例 Where does the woman want to go? A. An office. B. A fruit shop. C. A police station. 分析:这个较长对话中虽然也提到police station和fruit shop,但女士开头说:"I think I'm close to your office",然后男士在电话中告诉她怎么走,最后说:"And our office building is right across the road."由此可知,女士要去一个办公室。答案是A。
3.职业、身份与人物关系。 设题方式有:Who are the speakers? What is the (possible/probable) relationship between the speakers?
策略: 考生在听录音时 一要注意对话双方说话的口气, 二要注意对话的地方, 考生在听录音时 一要注意对话双方说话的口气, 二要注意对话的地方, 三要注意所做的工作(由此可判断其职业)。如双方口气热情、随和,则一般为朋友、同学等关系。如一方直言,另一方小心谨慎,则很可能为上下级关系。
4. 建议、行动、计划。 提问方式常见的有:What did...do? What are/is...doing? What will...be doing? What is sb's plan for? 等。
策略: 答案可能从录音中直接得出,也可能要从对话的话题、具体内容中分析、判断出来,故要静心细听,捕捉相关的具体信息,善于思考。
What are the two speakers doing? A. Enjoying meeting each other. B. Saying good-bye to each other. C. Planning to see each other. 录音:M: Well, I'd better go home now. It's been great seeing you again. W: Oh, it was nice seeing you too. 分析:男士讲到要回家了,双方的其它话语是告别用语,故答案为B。
5.目的、原因、结果。 此类试题要求考生就录音内容对某人做某事的目的、产生某结果的原因、某事可能导致什么结果做出判断。 此类试题要求考生就录音内容对某人做某事的目的、产生某结果的原因、某事可能导致什么结果做出判断。 常见提问方式有:What is the purpose/aim of...? Why...?等。
策略:要善于分析,注意事件与事件间的联系。 策略:要善于分析,注意事件与事件间的联系。 Why did the speaker get a parking ticket? A. His car was parked for too long. B. His car took up too much space. C. He left his car in a wrong place. 分析:独白前半部分讲到"So I had to park on the grass, and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket."由此可见是因为车子停错了地方才得到parking ticket的。答案是C。
6.隐含意思、推理判断。 提问方式一般有:What do we know about...? 6.隐含意思、推理判断。 提问方式一般有:What do we know about...? What can we learn about...? What is...? What does sb's think about...? What is sb's problem?等。
策略: 听录音时要注意说话人的语气和措辞,由此可判断其情绪或态度倾向。 要体味相关话语的实质内涵或它所反映出的事实的另一侧面,或把相关事件联系起来做出符合逻辑的推理。例如
What do we know about the mother and son? A. She wants to tell him the result of the game. B. She doesn't like him to watch TV. C. She knows which team he supports. 分析:儿子说要通过录像带(tape)看足球赛,叫母亲别告诉他结果,母亲说:"OK. But you're not going to like it.""不喜欢它"暗示儿子支持的队没有赢,这说明母亲知道儿子是哪个队的球迷,故选C。
复习建议 Part 1 conversational listening 经常听一点全班性的听力训练与重复听时的个别提问 Part 2 informational listening 听前预测---学会预测就是在为自己降低难度。 多练习听长段对话或独白,
单选复习
命题原则 “突出语境,强化语意,强调运用” 学生要--- 有一定的英语语法知识和词汇知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用的能力, 能根据题干所给的语境条件,进行分析、对比并能灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。
设题方向 1 创设语境 2 设置干扰 3 思维定势 4 汉英差异 … …
1 创设语境法 --Do you have anything ____ .? --Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself. to do B. to be done C. doing D. do
解题技巧 1)身临其境,揣摩意图 2) 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。
例如 Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying 此题的关键词是studied,由于这个动词用的是过去时,说明Robert先前在国外学习过而现在不再在国外学习了。故答案是:A
2 设置干扰 -----打乱句式 The officer gave orders that anyone __a gun should be reported to the police station. A saw take B. seen taking C. seeing take D. seen taken
2 设置干扰 -----加入插入语 —We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. 2 设置干扰 -----加入插入语 —We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. —What do you suppose ______ to her ? A was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened
解题技巧:补充还原、简化法 Was it _____ she heard with her ears _____ really made her frightened? A.what;that B.it;that C.that;which D.what;/ 将题目还原---强调句型:It was what she heard with her ears that really made her frightened.
Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving 分析: you think是一个插入语。如果把它去掉,那么答案C也就变得十分清楚了。
2 设置干扰 ----利用形近义近 A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all 2 设置干扰 ----利用形近义近 I’d like to buy a house----modern ,comfortable, and _______ in a quiet neighborhood. A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all
解题技巧: 1)明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思;2)归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同,牢记它们的用法.
3 思维定势 Not far from the club there was a garden, ___ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. whose B. its C. which D. that
3 思维定势 Wang ling was elected ____ all he is the tallest. A. because B. because of C. for D. as
解题技巧: 单项填空像完型填空一样也要以句意通顺、合符逻辑、合符情理为主要选答依据,切勿在未弄清句意的情况下就因为某些固定搭配而上当误选。The day we had been looking forward to ___ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. to come
4 汉英差异 When we got to the top of the mountain the sun was rising ____ the east. to B. from C. in D. at
解题技巧: 留心英汉表达差异 平时要多读多比较多归纳,尽量避免Chinglish。 Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up . A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly (按照汉语习惯,同学们可能要选A或C,而正确选项是:_B__. )
复习建议: 1. 控制难度,精选习题 2. 专项练习和综合练习 3. 练在讲之前,讲在关键处 4. 常考点多练,增加答对率 5. 在各题型训练中注意语言知识点的归纳
完形复习
考查技能 1. 阅读理解的能力,尤其是跳读能力; 2. 归纳、判断、分析和推理的能力,找准主题、话题以及了解篇章结构的能力; 3. 熟练扎实的词汇和语法知识。注重在语境中考查词义的这一试题特点,反映了“强调应用,注重交际”的命题原则。
设题方向1. 利用词语的固定搭配设题 词语的搭配种类繁多,包括各种固定词组、习惯用法。如: I started surfing about five years ago and 38 in love with the sport on the very first day. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell
设题方向2. 利用词语辨析设计 选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系(查工具—语言—近/反义词),考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。
She had no money for her 54 and had to sleep in her car She had no money for her 54 and had to sleep in her car. Then she had to sell her car. (2005北京春) A. block B. cottage C. building D. flat 四个词均为名词,只有联系上下文,并且真正知道这4个词的区别,才能确定为D。
设题方向3. 利用语法知识设计 语法知识包括各种从句、主谓一致、名词/代词的数和格、非谓语动词、倒装虚拟、强调结构、情态动词、动词搭配等等。从近年来考试情况来看,单纯考语法的试题减少,依赖于语境的语法题增加了。
例如 When Ed first phoned and ___ we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. (NMET 2003) A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 从“we play”可知道本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法,故正确答案应选D。这是依赖于语境的语法题
设题方向4. 利用上下文设计 这种设计手法,主要考查学生结合全文结构和中心意思,根据常识或上下文提供的信息进行理解、分析以及推理的能力。这种设计手法在高考完形填空中比例最大。
Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man 41 designed questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them I’d prove myself a 42 fool . In a world where I have to work with my 43 , I' d do poorly. (NMET 2002) A. brains B. effort C. hands D. attention 根据前文作者自述在智力测试中的优异表现以及和my auto repairman 的对比,可知这里指动手能力,因而C项为正确答案。
设题方向5. 利用行文逻辑设计 有时,选项中的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的转换词语,它涉及到文章的启承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折、让步、因果、递进、增补、对比等,并考查学生对转换词语的运用能力。如:
My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ____, at the point in our game when I'd predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor … (NMET 2003) A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last 此处有出人意料之意,而且表示结果,故B项符合行文逻辑。
解题策略--四读法: 1. 细读首句,了解主题,确定范围; 2. 跳读全文,关注动词,把握文脉; 3. 详读篇章,一空三句,逻辑连贯; 4. 复读全文,全盘考虑,调整答案;
复习建议: 1. 特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、同义词的辨析以及生活常识的运用,特别是《教学大纲》和《考试说明》中要求掌握的那一部分词组、习语和句型。 2. . 用近年来的完型填空,不提供后面选项,看学生填入多少,填对多少。 3. 每篇文章讲解时,都让学生找出前后有关系,相呼应的选项。 4. 教师传授必要的技巧及对策
只要教师和学生持之以恒,不断地完善教与学,相互鼓励,共同拚搏,就能最后迎来高考的成功。