Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading－Language Points

急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种临时的救助。 重点难点探究 词汇精研 1 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种临时的救助。

品味经典 ①After the earthquake, our government sent aid to Chile in time 品味经典 ①After the earthquake, our government sent aid to Chile in time.地震之后，我国政府及时向智利发送了救援物资。 ②She made no effort to aid Sophia. 她根本不去帮助索菲娅。 自我探究 aid n．[U] & vt. 帮助；援助；资助；救助。[C]辅助用品。

归纳拓展 (1)do/give /offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救 come to one’s aid 来援助某人 with the aid of sb.＝ with sb.’s aid 在某人帮助下 a hearing aid 助听器 (2)aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with sth. 以某物给某人帮助 aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面帮助某人

③The old woman walks with the aid of a stick ③The old woman walks with the aid of a stick. 那老妇人拄着拐杖走路。 ④The new dictionary is a great aid to me. 这本新词典对我很有帮助。 ⑤The classmates aided him in his English study. 同班同学帮助他学习英语。

牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)他太忙了，不能来帮我。 He was too busy to ____________ 牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)他太忙了，不能来帮我。 He was too busy to ____________. 答案：come to my aid (2)我的教授帮助我继续做研究。 My professor ________________my study. 答案：aided me to continue

2 Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 通常情况下这些患者的伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，给予紧急援助能挽救人的生命。

品味经典 ①Several train passengers received serious injuries in the crash 品味经典 ①Several train passengers received serious injuries in the crash.在这次碰撞中火车上有几位乘客受了重伤。 ②What you said was an injury to her fame. 你所说的有损她的名声。 自我探究 injury n．[C，U]损伤；伤害(感情)。

归纳拓展 ③Two people have been seriously injured in a road accident. 两个人在一次道路交通事故中受了重伤。 ④This could seriously injure the company’s reputation. 这会严重损害公司的名誉。

易混辨析 injure，hurt，wound injure 一般指由于意外或事故受伤，指一时难愈之伤。 通常指外界暴力造成的创伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗中、战争中受伤。

⑤He was slightly injured in the accident ⑤He was slightly injured in the accident. 他在意外事故中受了轻伤。 ⑥A bullet injured his left eye. 一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。 ⑦What you said hurt her greatly. 你所说的话深深地伤害了她。 ⑧The soldier was badly wounded in the right leg. 那士兵右腿严重受伤。

【助记】 ⑨After being wounded in the fighting，he was caught in an accident and his car was damaged but he himself was not injured. 在战斗中负伤后，他又发生了事故，汽车被损坏，但他自己并没有受伤。

牛刀小试 (1)You have no idea how she finished the relay race ________her foot wounded so much. A．for B．when C．with D．while 解析：选C。此处是with＋复合宾语结构。其余三项为连词，后接句子，wounded前应加was。

(2)—Mother, I’ve cut my finger and I’m bleeding (2)—Mother, I’ve cut my finger and I’m bleeding. —Press a clear piece of cloth on the ________ first. I’ll call the doctor. A．hurt B．injury C．wound D．harm 解析：选C。根据“I’ve cut my finger and I’m bleeding.”可知是“刀伤”，应用wound。第二句意思是“先在伤口上按一块干净的布，我给医生打电话”。

3 The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water；... 皮肤的功能也十分复杂：它能保暖或御寒，阻止体内水分过多流失……

品味经典 ①Please keep the room clean 品味经典 ①Please keep the room clean.请保持房间干净。 ②She kept me waiting for half an hour. 她让我等了半个小时。 自我探究 keep you warm or cool是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。其中，keep vt.使(人或物)保持在(某一状态)。

归纳拓展

③The doctor kept him in for several days ③The doctor kept him in for several days. 医生好几天都没有让他出去。 ④Some actors keep their marriages a secret. 一些演员已结婚，但却秘而不宣。 ⑤Please keep us informed of the demands of the market. 请随时通知我们市场需求。 ⑥Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因病在床上躺了一个星期。

牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)什么事使你离开这么久？ What ____________________for so long 牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)什么事使你离开这么久？ What ____________________for so long? 答案：have kept you away (2)对不起，让你久等了。 I’m sorry to have ________________. 答案：kept you waiting

4 You can get burned by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation (by being close to high heat or fire，etc)，the sun，electricity or chemicals. 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。

品味经典 ①There are a variety of flowers in the garden 品味经典 ①There are a variety of flowers in the garden. 花园里有各种各样的花。 ②Varieties of reasons were offered for the failure. 这次失败原因很多。 ③We all need variety in our diet.我们需要饮食多样化。 ④Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 由于种种原因，每个人赴会都迟到了。

自我探究 variety n．[C，U]变化；多样(化)；多变(性)。 various adj 自我探究 variety n．[C，U]变化；多样(化)；多变(性)。 various adj.不同的。various＝a variety of (varieties of)＋n.(pl.) 各种各样的，不同种类的。

归纳拓展 ⑤Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting. 为了增加趣味，教师应该使自己的课的形式多样化。

牛刀小试 用vary，variety，various的正确形式填空 (1)There are wide ________of flowers in the park. (2)As in China，the climate in Canada ________from area to area. 答案：(1)varieties (2)varies

5 little or no pain if nerves are damaged； 若损坏了神经，则没有疼痛感或轻微疼痛感； 品味经典 ①This autumn a great number of crops in the area were damaged by the storm. 今年秋天这个地区的许多作物都被暴风雨毁坏了。 ②His behavior damaged the relations between the two families. 他的行为损害了两家之间的关系。

自我探究 damage v．损坏；损害；对……产生不好的影响。 归纳拓展

③The earthquake caused great damage to Haiti—a poor country ③The earthquake caused great damage to Haiti—a poor country. 地震给贫穷的国家海地造成了极大的损害。 ④She has not got any damages. 她没有得到任何赔偿金。

易混辨析 damage，destroy，ruin damage “损坏”，指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部损坏，或表示可以修复的破坏。 destroy “毁坏，毁灭”，强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉。多指不可以修复的破坏。 ruin “毁掉”，主要指因天气、年龄、忽视等因素造成的损坏。含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。

⑤The car was badly damaged, but it wasn’t destroyed ⑤The car was badly damaged, but it wasn’t destroyed. 车受损严重但还没毁掉。 ⑥The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了农作物。 ⑦He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined my painting. 他打翻了一瓶墨汁，把我的画给毁了。

牛刀小试 单项填空 (1)His family helped him give up drinking，or his life must have been ________by drink. A．damaged B．ruined C．destroyed D．broke 解析：选B。生命被摧毁应是喝酒长期损害的结果，所以选择B。

用damage，destroy，ruin填空 (2)His house was completely ________，so the farmer decided to build a new one. (3)How did you ________your bike? Why haven’t you had it repaired? (4)The house has fallen into ________. 答案：(2)destroyed (3)damage (4)ruins

6 For second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉。需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。

品味经典 ①My teacher has told me over and over again not to get addicted to computer games. 我老师已多次告诉我不要沉迷于电脑游戏。 ②I have warned you over and over again not to do that. 我已多次告诫过你不要做那件事。

自我探究 over and over again反复；多次。 归纳拓展

牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)We’ve discussed this problem ____________________(很多次)． 答案：over and over again (2)The students couldn’t understand the theory, so the teacher had to explain it to them __________________________(一遍又一遍地)． 答案：over and over again/time and time again

7 Hold the bandage in place with tape 7 Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。 品味经典 ①She has a habit of having everything in place. 她习惯把每件东西都放在适当的位置。 ②Her dress was quite in place at the party. 晚会上她的打扮非常得体。

自我探究 in place 在适当的位置；适当。 归纳拓展 out of place 不合适的，不恰当的；不在适当的位置 in place of 代替 in the first place 首先，第一 take the place of 代替，取代 take place 发生，举行 take one’s place 就座；代替

③These clothes are out of place. Please put them away，Lucy ③These clothes are out of place.Please put them away，Lucy. 这些衣服摆乱了。露西，请把它们放好。 ④You can use a pencil in place of a pen. 你可以用铅笔代替钢笔。 ⑤Electric trains have now taken the place of steam ones. 电气化火车现已取代了蒸汽火车。 ⑥I’ll take her place to attend the meeting. 我将替她出席会议。

牛刀小试 完成句子 (1)约翰，你的发型在学校里不合适。 John，your hairstyle is ____________at school. 答案：out of place (2)我希望你把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。 I wish you would put things back ____________. Otherwise，it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in place

(3)你查清楚印度社会发生的变化了吗？ Have you found out the changes __________________ in Indian society? 答案：that (which) took place/taking place

8 Her husband took off her blouse and picked off bits of the blouse stuck to the burn. 她的丈夫脱下她的衬衣，还把粘在伤口上的碎布拉了下来。 品味经典 ①Pick off all the dead leaves off the flower. 把这棵花上的枯叶全部摘掉。 自我探究 pick off 去除；剪掉；撕开，撕掉。

归纳拓展 ②The bus picks up passengers outside the airport. 公共汽车在机场外接乘客。 ③She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job. 她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。

牛刀小试 (1)After a successful operation, Catherine is beginning to ________and will soon come back to school. A．pick up B．wake up C．grow up D．show up 解析：选A。pick up“恢复健康”；wake up“唤醒”；grow up“成长”；show up“暴露；露面”。

(2)I ________a flu when I was on a spring outing with my classmates (2)I ________a flu when I was on a spring outing with my classmates. A．caught up B．picked up C．took up D．brought up 解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。pick up在这里和catch同义，意思是染上。句意为：当我和同学一块春游的时候，染上了感冒病毒。

句型巧析 9 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种临时的救助。

自我探究 “get ＋过去分词”有两种情况：一是get代替be，实际上是一种被动语态；二是一种系表结构，并非真正的被动，表示动作的结果。 ①Some glasses got broken(＝were broken) when we were moving. 我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。 ②Did you get invited(＝ Were you invited)to the party? 你被邀请参加聚会了吗？ ③They’ve just got married.他们刚结婚。(系表结构)

归纳拓展 get lost 迷路 get hurt受伤 get drunk喝醉 get killed 丧命 get paid付给酬金 get married 结婚 get tired累了 get changed 换衣服 get caught in the rain被雨淋 get stuck in the mud陷到泥里

牛刀小试 My car got ________at the weekend 牛刀小试 My car got ________at the weekend. A．steal B．stealing C．stolen D．to steal 解析：选C。get代替be，实际上是一种被动语态。

译文助读 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease，poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water；it is where you feel cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.

Causes of burns You can get burned by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation(by being close to high heat or fire，etc)，the sun，electricity or chemicals. Types of burns There are three types of burns.Burns are called first，second or third degree burns，depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

·First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin ·First degree burns　These affect only the top layer of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan，stove or iron for a moment.

·Second degree burns　These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal.Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.

·Third degree burns　These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.

Characteristics of burns First degree burns ·dry，red and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed Second degree burns ·rough，red and swollen ·blisters ·watery surface ·extremely painful

Third degree burns ·black and white and charred ·swollen；often tissue under them can be seen ·little or no pain if nerves are damaged；may be pain around edge of injured area First aid treatment

1 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn. 2 Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.(The cool water stops the burning process，prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.)Do not put cold water on third degree burns.

3 For first degree burns，place cool，clean，wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.For second degree burns，keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 4 Dry the burned area gently.Do not rub，as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.

5 Cover the burned area with a dry，clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.Hold the bandage in place with tape.Never put butter，oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 6 If burns are on arms or legs，keep them higher than the heart，if possible.If burns are on the face，the victim should sit up. 7 If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.

烧伤的急救 皮肤(skin)是身体必不可少的(essential)部分，也是身体的最大器官(organ)。皮肤有三层(layer)，像是三层屏障(barrier)，可以防病、防毒(poison)、抵御有害太阳光线(ray)的侵害。皮肤的各种功能也很复杂(complex)：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，保持体内的水分；正是皮肤使你感到冷、热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，正如你所想象的，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，问题就会非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。

烧伤的原因 你可能由于下列各种(a variety of)原因导致烧伤：灼热的液体(liquid)、水蒸气、火、辐射(radiation)(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电和化学物品。 烧伤的种类 烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。 一度烧伤 这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的(mild)晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅(pan)、炉子(stove)或熨斗而导致的烫伤。

二度烧伤 这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需数星期才能痊愈(heal)。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。 三度烧伤 所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织(tissue)和器官都受到损害。例如由电击(electric shock)引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。

烧伤的特性 一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、微肿(swollen) ·微痛 ·受压时变白 二度烧伤 ·粗糙、发红、肿胀 ·起水泡(blister) ·表面有水(watery水的) ·极其疼痛

三度烧伤 ·黑、白和焦炭色(char烧焦)相间 ·肿胀，常可看到皮下组织 ·若损坏了神经(nerve)，则没有疼痛或很少疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感 急救处理 1 如果衣物未粘在皮肤上，(如有必要)要用剪刀(scissor)除去。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣物和首饰。

2 马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的(unbearable)疼，还可以消除肿胀。)三度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。 3 对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回一盆(basin)冷水中，拧出(squeeze out)水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地(over and over again)做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。

4 轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，感染伤口。 5 用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带(bandage)盖住烧伤面。用胶布把绷带在适当的位置(in place)固定住。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏(ointment)，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染(infection)。

6 如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。 7 如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就要(vital至关重要的)立即把患者送去看医生或住院。