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Unit 4 Earthquakes
Section Ⅰ Warming up, Prereading, Reading & Comprehending Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Warming up, Prereading, Reading & Comprehending
课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课 时 作 业 4
课前新知预习
Ⅰ.单词速记 1．__________(vi.)爆裂；爆发 (n.)突然破裂；爆发 2．__________(n.)事件；大事 3．__________(n.)废墟；毁灭 (vt.)毁灭；使破产 4．__________(vt.)破坏；毁坏；消灭 5．__________(vt.& vi.)(使)震惊；震动 (n.)休克；打击；震惊 6．__________(n. & vt.)援救；营救 burst event ruin destroy shock rescue
7．__________(vt.)使陷入困境； (n.)陷阱；困境 8．__________(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 9．__________(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽处 10．dirt(n.)污垢；泥土 →__________(adj.)脏的；弄脏的；卑鄙的 11．suffering(n.)苦难；痛苦 →__________(v.)经历；遭受；患病 12．extreme(adj.)极度的 →__________(adv.)极其；非常 trap bury shelter dirty suffer extremely
13．injure(vt.)损害；伤害 →__________(n.)伤害；损害 →__________(adj.)受伤的 14．survivor(n.)幸存者；生还者；残存物 →__________(v.)幸存，生还 →__________(n.)幸存；继续生存 15．electricity(n.)电；电流；电学 →__________(adj.)用电的；带电的 →__________(adj.)与电有关的；电学的 injury injured survive survival electric eletrical
Ⅱ.短语互译 1．立刻；马上 ____________________ 2．仿佛；好像 ____________________ 3．结束；终结 ____________________ 4．in ruins ____________________ 5．dig out ____________________ 6．a (great) number of ____________________ right away as if at an end 严重受损；破败不堪 掘出；发现 许多；大量的
Ⅲ.完成句子 1．老鼠从地里跑出来找地方躲藏。 Mice ran out of the fields ____________________.(现在分词短语作伴随状语) 2．仿佛到了世界末日！ It seemed __________________！(as if引导的状语从句)
3．人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。 ____________________nearly everything was destroyed. (everywhere引导的状语从句) 4．并没有丧失所有的希望。 ____________________.(all...not部分否定) 答案：1.looking for places to hide 2.as if the world was at an end 3.Everywhere they looked 4.All hope was not lost
Ⅳ.课文理解 1．Read the passage and complete the main idea of each part. Part 1 (Para. 1) Before the quakes—________ happened. Part 2 (Paras. 2,3) During the quakes—________ were caused. Part 3 (Para. 4) After the quakes—________ was carried out.
2．Choose the best answers according to the passage. (1) What does the title “A night the earth didn't sleep” mean? A．The whole earth didn't sleep that night. B．A terrible earthquake hit Tangshan that night. C．The earthquake happened here and there. D．The whole nation didn't sleep because of the earthquake.
(2)Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake? A．The soldiers and the rescue workers. B．The college students. C．The miners in the coal mines. D．The injured local government officers. (3)We can infer from the text that ________. A．the whole city was at an end B．the army's coming brought hope to the city C．people lost hope faced with the terrible earthquake D．the signs before the earthquake weren't obvious at all
(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．People were all hopeless after the earthquake. B．Only small cracks appeared in the well walls. C．The big quake was felt all over the country. D．Another big quake shook Tangshan later that afternoon. 答案：1.Strange things; Damage and loss; Rescue work 2．(1)－(4) BABD
The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent to help the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig __7__ those __8__ were trapped. They also built shelters for the survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. Slowly, the city began to come back to life. It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside. The water in the village wells __9__(rise) and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of __10__. 答案：1.injured 2.instead 3.shocked 4.off 5.destroyed 6．at 7.out 8.who 9.rose 10.them
课堂要点探究
①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (1)vi.爆裂；爆发 ①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开了。 ②They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face. 看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。 www.xkb1.com
(2)v.猛冲；突然出现 He burst into the room without knocking. 他没敲门就闯进了房间。 (3)n. [C]突然破裂，爆发 ①The sudden burst of the tyre caused the car to roll over. 轮胎突然爆裂导致翻车。 ②He gave a burst of laughter. 他突然大笑起来。
活学活用 用正确的介词填空 ①He couldn't help bursting ________ tears when he heard the bad news. ②We all thought his heart would burst________ happiness. ③One minute she burst ________tears，and the next she burst ________laughing. We just couldn't catch her mood at any moment. 答案：①into ②with ③into; out
2．ruin (1)n.废墟；毁灭 ①In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就被掩埋在了一片废墟之中。 ②An earthquake left the whole town in_ruins in Yiliang. 一场地震使彝良到处是断壁残垣。 (2)vt.毁灭；使破产 The rain ruined our holiday. 这场雨把我们的假期毁了。
归纳拓展 (1)be/lie in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 fall/come into ruin 衰败；败落 bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭 bring sb. to ruin使某人破产 (2)ruin oneself自我毁灭 ruin one's hopes使某人的希望破灭
活学活用 完成句子 ①His father has made the farm ________________(败落)． ②Drugs ________________________(毁掉了他的前程)． ③Years of fighting left the city _____________(破败不堪)． 语法单句填空 ④With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely________ ruins. 答案：①fall/come into ruin ②ruined his future ③in ruins ④in
3．extreme adj.极度的 The suffering of the people was extreme. 人们遭受的灾难极为深重。 归纳拓展 extremely adv.极端地，极为，非常 It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的任务。
活学活用 完成句子 ①The heat in the desert ______________. 沙漠中极其炎热。 ②The book is ______________. 这本书非常受欢迎。 答案：①is extreme ②extremely popular
①Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 4．injure vt.损害；伤害 ①Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们之中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。 ②People have been seriously injured in a traffic accident. 在一次交通事故中，有人严重受伤。 www.xkb1.com
归纳拓展 (1)injury n．伤，伤害 do an injury to sb.＝do sb. an injury 伤害某人 (2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 伤员
易混辨析 injure 多指在意外事故中受伤 His left leg was injured in an accident.他的左腿在一起事故中受伤了。 hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害 I don't want to hurt your feelings.我不想伤害你的感情。 wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤 The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤。 harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等 Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重损害了他的健康。
活学活用 选词填空(injure/harm/wound/hurt) ①I don't believe those fairy tales will ________ our students. ②That'll ________ her feeling. ③The bullet ________ him in the shoulder. ④Tom ________ his leg in a skating accident. ⑤Five passengers were ________ in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital. 答案：①harm ②hurt ③wounded ④injured ⑤injured
5．shock (1)vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 ①People were shocked.人们震惊了。 ②People were shocked at the news that 39 people died in the ship accident in Hong Kong. 人们对在香港撞船事故中39人死亡的消息感到震惊。 (2)n.休克；打击；震惊 The news of his death was a shock to us. 他去世的消息令我们震惊。
归纳拓展 (1)be a shock to... 使……吃惊 (2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj.令人震惊的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
易混辨析 shock 表示来得突然，而且常指不好的事情，惊讶的程度要大于surprise It came as a great shock to hear she was leaving home.她要离家的消息令人听了大吃一惊。 surprise 表示意外的事情，但不一定是不好的事情 It was quite a surprise to know I was actually good at drawing.我发现自己原来对画画很在行，真叫人大感意外。
名师点津 情感动词的两种形容词形式 表示情感的动词，如shock, surprise, frighten, amuse, interest, excite, tire等的形容词有ed和ing两种形式。ed形式表示“感到……的”，常用来修饰人；ing形式表示“令人感到……的”，常用来修饰物。 The end of the film is so shocking that everyone was very much shocked at it. 这个影片的结局令人如此震惊，以至于每个人都感到惊讶。
活学活用 用shock的适当形式填空。 ①We are ________ to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver. And the ________ scene ________ three taxi drivers nearby, who saved the officer bravely. 语法填空 ②Judging from his ________(shock) look, Mike was entirely unprepared for the ________(frighten) news.
答案：①shocked; shocking; shocked ②shocked; frightening 考查形容词辨析。句意：从他吃惊的表情来看，迈克对这个令人恐惧的消息完全没有准备。shocked adj.震惊的，惊讶的；shocking adj.令人震惊的；frightened adj.害怕的，受惊的；frightening adj.令人恐惧的。
6．rescue (1)n.援救；营救 ①Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。 ②His father came to his rescue and lent him the money. 他的父亲借钱给他，从而救了他。 (2)vt.援救；营救 She died when trying to rescue her children from the fire. 她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。
归纳拓展 come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人 rescue sb./sth. from...把某人/物从……营救出来 活学活用 语法单句填空 ①He rescued the boy ________ the river. ②His father came ________ his rescue when his company was closing down. 答案：①from ②to
7．trap (1)vt.使陷入困境 ①Twenty miners were trapped underground. 20名矿工被困在地下。 ②Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. 因为遇到交通阻塞，他上班迟到了。 (2)n.陷阱；困境 She led him into a trap. 她引诱他中了圈套。
归纳拓展 (1)trap sb. into(doing) sth.诱使某人(做)某事 be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中 (2)set traps to do sth. 设置陷阱做某事 巧学助记
活学活用 完成句子 ①The guests________the big fire, and we must________ them ________it. 客人们被大火所困，我们必须马上把他们救出来。 语法单句填空 ②The police ________(trap) the thief into a situation where he could not escape. 答案：①were trapped in; rescue; from ②trapped 句意：小偷被警察困住了，无法逃脱。trap使陷入困境；trap sb. into...使某人陷入……。
8．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading. 我们需要尽快将尸体埋葬，以防止疾病扩散。
巧学助记 一词多义的“bury”
活学活用 完成句子 ①In the evenings he ______________ his books. 他每天晚上都专心读书。 ②Their house ______________________a heavy snow. 他们的房子被大雪掩埋了。 ③______________，he didn't notice me enter the room. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
语法单句填空 ④Mr. Richard hasn't got any time to play golf these days, because he ________ (bury)in the research of bird language. 答案：①buries himself in/is buried in ②was buried by ③Buried in his book/Because he was buried in his book ④is buried 句意：这些天理查德先生没有时间打高尔夫球，因为他专心于鸟类语言的研究。be buried in专心于。
The long hot summer was at last at an end. 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。 归纳拓展 (1)bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终结 put an end to (使)结束；终结 come to an end 结束 make ends meet 使收支相抵 www.xkb1.com
(2)at the end of... 在……末端 by the end of... 到……为止(用于完成时) in the end 最后；终于 ①That job came to an end last month. 那项工作上个月完成了。 ②By the end of this week, I will have finished most of the work. 到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。
活学活用 用end的短语填空 ①The meeting ______________ at midnight. ②Everything will be all right ______________. ③We must ________ these endless arguments. ④The meeting was nearly ________ when I got to the meeting room.
⑤Since Mike lost his job, he can hardly __________. ⑥He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________. 答案：①came to an end ②in the end ③put an end to ④at an end ⑤make ends meet ⑥at an end
10．dig out掘出；发现 ①The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。 ②We had to dig the car out of a snow drift. 我们必须把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。 ③The truth was dug out. 真相被发现了。
活学活用 完成句子 ①They __________________________ the ground. 他们从地里挖出了马铃薯。 ②He was buried by an avalanche(雪崩) and had to ________. 他遇到雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。 答案：①dug the potatoes out of ②be dug out
11．a(great) number of许多；大量的 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 由于地震发生时人们正在睡觉，所以很多人都死去了。 易混辨析 a number of 意为“许多，大量的”。在number之前可加large, small, great等表示程度。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 意为“……的数量”。后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数而不用复数
①A large number of people have applied for the job. 很多人申请了这份工作。 ②The number of cars on the expressway is rising because of free passage during holidays. 由于节假日免费通行，高速路上轿车的数量在增加。
活学活用 语法单句填空 ①A number of students ______(be) invited to the party, but the number of the students present ________(be) twenty. ②As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ______ (keep) rising these days.
答案：①have been; is 考查主谓一致。句意：很多学生被邀请参加晚会，但是到场的学生的数量是二十人。a number of“许多，大量的”，作主语时谓语动词要用复数；the number of“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词为单数。 ②keeps 考查主谓一致。句意：正如你所见，目前道路上汽车的数量在不断增加。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数；再根据时间状语these days可知描述的是现在的情况，所以用一般现在时。
12．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ 句式分析 (1)as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。 (2)当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。例如： It looks as if it is going to snow. 看来要下雪。
(3)当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。 a．如果从句表示与现实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。 b．从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 c．从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。例如：
①The woman loves the children as if she were their mother. 这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。(与现在事实相反) ②He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反) ③He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)
活学活用 语法单句填空 ①(2012·北京高考改编) Don't handle the vase as if it ______ (be) made of steel. ②(2014·重庆，13改编)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I________(do) it? 答案：①were 考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把那个花瓶当成是钢铁做的那样处理。as if引导的是状语从句，从句中用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，应用一般过去时。在虚拟语气中，常用were代替was。 ②had done
13．All hope was not lost. 并没有丧失所有的希望。 句式分析 (1)该句为不完全否定。all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的”。 (2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。
①All that glitters is not gold. ＝Not all that glitters is gold. 闪闪发光的未必都是金子。 ②I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 ③ Not every book is educative. ＝Every book is not educative. 不是每本书都有教育意义。
活学活用 语法单句填空 I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________. 答案：everything 考查代词辨析。句意：你说的绝大部分我都同意，但我并不是一切都同意。只有everything与not连用才能构成部分否定。
课堂达标验收
1．His rude manners s________ everyone. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．His rude manners s________ everyone. 2．A great many houses were d________ in the earthquake and many people became homeless. 3．The hurricane left the whole city in r________. 4．He was t________ in a nowin situation. 5．She b________ out laughing at the joke. 6．Many men were ________(埋葬) underground when the accident at the mine happened. www.xkb1.com
7．It is an area where natural ________(灾难) often happen. 8．The firemen ________(援救) the boy from the burning house. 9．They began to recover slowly from their nightmare of pain and ________(苦难)． 10．One Thursday afternoon he got seriously ________(伤害) in an accident. 答案：1.shocked 2.destroyed 3.ruins 4.trapped 5.burst 6.buried 7.disasters 8.rescued 9.suffering 10．injured
Ⅱ.选择适当的短语填空 right away， burst out， as if， a great number of， in ruins，dig out，be buried in， at an end 1．When I told her the news she ________ crying. 2．At present, the once beautiful town is ________. 3．We should ________ weeds before sowing seeds. 4．He is ill; you should call in the doctor ________.
5．Seeing the picture, he ________ thoughts. 6．He behaves ________ he had no common sense. 7．__________ birds fly to the south in winter. 8．The voyage was finally ________. 答案：1.burst out 2.in ruins 3.dig out 4.right away 5.was buried in 6.as if 7.A great number of 8.at an end
Ⅲ.语法单句填空 1．The stranger shook me by the hand warmly as if he ________(be) to say he knew me well. 答案：were 句意：这个陌生人和我热情地握手，好像要说他和我很熟。as if从句可用虚拟语气。 2．________(bury) in heavy school work, many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies. 答案：Buried 考查非谓语动词。句意：埋头于沉重的学业，很多高中生被告知要把自己锁在书房里。be buried in埋头于，专心于。作状语时常省略be动词。
3．(2014·天津，4改编)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. 答案：Once 4．When the boss got to the factory ________ midnight, he found it ________ ruins. 答案：at; in 考查介词。句意：当老板在午夜到达工厂时，他发现工厂已经成了废墟。at midnight在午夜；in ruins成为废墟。
答案：injured injured受伤的。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女应该予以急救。 5．He found his son ________ (trap) inside the lift, ________(feel) very worried. 答案：trapped; feeling 考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现他的儿子被困在电梯里，感到非常担忧。his son和trap之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。he和feel之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。 6．The women ________(injure) in the accident should be given first aid. 答案：injured injured受伤的。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女应该予以急救。 www.xkb1.com
7．On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she burst________ laughter. 答案：into 考查动词短语辨析。句意：听到她儿子赢得比赛的消息，她突然大笑起来。burst out laughing/burst into laughter突然大笑起来。 8．The war was finally ________an end. 答案：at 考查介词短语辨析。句意：战争终于结束了。at an end结束，终结。
9．(2014·湖南，31改编)I am looking forward to the day ________my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 答案：when 10．Some people were dug________ from the fallen building after the earthquake, which excited many people. 答案：out 句意：地震后一些人从倒塌的建筑物中被挖出来，这让很多人感到激动。dig out挖掘，发现；
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