Unit 18 Beauty 美

话题之十八——课堂学习 三年2考 　　［2009湖南］假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下：1. 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；2. 介绍你处理该事的方式；3. 谈谈你的感想。注意：词数不少于120。

Dear Zhang Hua, 　　Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I can’t wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.

　　Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang an English song I had practiced many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.

　　How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. 　　Looking forward to your reply. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours, Li Hong

1. 本文首先以寒暄开头并简要说明写信意图。然后具体描述课堂上令人印象深刻的事情的经过以及处理方法。最后说明对此事的感想。 2. 全文行文流畅，句式多变，用词地道高级。 ①高级词汇和短语：can’t wait to do, leave sb. a deep impression, take a deep breath, concentrate on, stay calm, solution ②高级句型：Seeing. . . , feeling. . . (现在分词短语作状语) ③语篇过渡语：then, after, actually

【佳作习得】用多样性表达补全该句 _______________________________________________________________(一看到妈妈)，the baby stopped crying. 1. Seeing its mother/2. At the sight of its mother/3. After seeing its mother

Ⅰ. 单词盘点 根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇 1. ________ (adj. ) 高级的，上等的 2. _________(adj. ) 一致的，始终如一的 3. __________(adj. ) 超重的，过重的 4. __________(vt. ) 伴随，陪同 5. ______(n. ) (数、量、年龄等的)变化范围 superior consistent overweight accompany range

6. _________(n. ) 良心 7. _________(n. ) 命令，指挥 8. ______(n. ) 尊贵; 庄严 9. ____(adj. ) 自负的，炫耀的 10. ______(adj. ) 平稳的; 稳定的 11. ______(vt. ) 传达，表达 12. _______(n. ) 方式，方法 13. ___________(vt. ) 推荐，介绍 conscience command dignity vain steady convey manner recommend

14. _________(adj. ) 令人屏息的→______ (n. )呼吸→_______ (v. )呼吸 15. ___________(n. )责任，义务；承诺→_______ (vt. )犯(罪)，做(错)；承诺，约定 16. _________(adj. ) 容易理解的→______ (n. ) 接近，进入，通道，利用……的权利/机会 17. _______(vt. ) 递送，传送→________ (n. ) 递送 18. ______(vt. ) 消除……的疲劳，使振作精神→ _________(adj. ) 使振作精神的→_____ (adj. ) 新鲜的，清新的 breathless breath breathe commitment commit accessible access deliver delivery refresh refreshing fresh

tendency 19. ________(n. ) 倾向，趋势→____ (v. ) 有……的趋势，倾向于 20. _________(adj. ) 使人烦恼的→_______ ( v. ) 妨碍，扰乱 21. _______(adj. ) 严寒的, 冰冻的→______ (v. ) 将……冷冻，冻僵→ ______(adj. ) 结冰的，冷冻的 22. _____(v. )弯曲→ _____ (adj. ) 弯曲的 23. _____ (vt. ) 对待→_________ (n. )对待，处理 24. ______(vt. ) 打；打动→_______ (adj. ) 引人注目的，突出的 25. _______(adj. ) 明显的，明白的→________ (n. ) 证据，征兆 tend disturbing disturb freezing freeze frozen bend bent treat treatment strike striking evident evidence

【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空 ①He made a ___________ that he would never _______ the same mistake again. (commit ) ②The ___________ decided to _________ his troops to march on, which was the last _________ before they attacked the enemy. (command) ③The young fellow spoke to his friend in a rude _______ , which was thought bad ________ . (manner) ④The scenery of the mountain village ______ me, especially the _______ tower beside it. (strike) commitment commit commander command command manner manners struck striking

Ⅱ. 短语回放 1. 为……做准备 _______________ 2. 依靠，依赖 _______________ 3. 完全消失，灭绝 _______________ 4. 热衷于……，非常喜欢 _______________ 5. 说实话 _______________ 6. 不再看见 _______________ 7. 对付，处理 _______________ in preparation for rely on die out be keen on to be honest lose sight of deal with

8. 负责，管理 _______________ 9. 立即，马上，突然 _______________ 10. 爱上 _______________ 11. 被困在……中 _______________ 12. 对……厌倦 _______________ 13. 被烦死 _______________ 14. 等一下 _______________ 15. 各种各样的零碎东西 _______________ in charge of in an instant fall in love with be trapped in be tired of be bored to death hang on a second bits and pieces

Ⅲ. 句式扫描 1. Traditions and fashions, like society itself, change and adapt with time, so _________________ (是合理的) our ideas of beauty change as well. 2. In 19th-century Europe, women ______ (过去常常) wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. it is reasonable that used to

3. In contemporary society, culture _____________________ (仍然起重要作用)determining our ideas of beauty. 4. In other cultures, ___________ (显得苗条) for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. remains a major part in looking thin

5. _________________________ (受历史的影响), society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. 6. The human race ________________ (会很快灭绝)if we could only see beauty within a set of limited criteria. With the influence of history would soon die out

7. ______________________ (正是内在美) requires us to truly see. 8. He used to be quite rich but something __________________ (一定发生了)to him, probably problems with drink. . . . it is inner beauty that must have happened

【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子 ①remain a major part in仍然在……中起重要作用 仿写：中学老师的激励这些年在他的工作中仍然起重要作用。 The encouragement of his middle-school teacher remains a major part in his work these years.

②with the influence of在……的影响下 仿写：在父亲的影响下，他开始喜欢上打篮球。 With the influence of his father he began to like playing basketball. ③It is. . . that. . . 强调句型 仿写: 正是他们的帮助才使得公司有了新的生机。 It was their help that made the company have a new life.

核 心 要 点 recommend 三年2考 deal with to be honest

1. accompany vt. 伴随，陪同 (1)accompany sb. (to) 陪同某人去…… accompany sb. in doing sth. 陪某人做某事 be accompanied by sb. /with sth. 由……陪同/伴有…… accompany sb. (at/on sth. ) 为……伴奏 (2)company n. 陪同，伙伴 keep sb. company 陪伴，陪同 in company with 与……一起

①I am going to accompany my old friend John in seeing his hometown. 我打算陪老朋友约翰去看看他的老家。 ②Thunder often accompanies lightning. 雷声常伴有闪电。 ③Mother ___________ ___ __ the piano while I was singing. 我唱歌时妈妈用钢琴为我伴奏。 accompanied me on

2. range n. (数、量、年龄等的)变化范围 (1)a range of 一系列 in/within/outside/out of the range of 在……范围内/外 (2)range v. 分类；排列；涉及 range from. . . to. . . 从……到……变化 range between . . . and. . . 从……到……变化

①The company made a range of arrangements before the meeting. 会议开始前公司做了一系列安排。 ②Your request is out of the range of my ability. 你的要求超出我的能力范围。 ③We can provide all kinds of computers whose prices _____ ____￥3, 000 __￥5, 000. 我们可以提供各种各样的电脑，其价格从3, 000元到5, 000元人民币不等。 range from to

【助记】

【真题链接】 ［2010湖北，21］This restaurant has become popular for its wide ______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A. division　　　B. area　　　C. range　　　D. circle 【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 由于有多种不同的食品适合不同的口味和消费层次要求，这家饭店已经变得非常红火了。由题干中的定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可知，此处应选range表示“(选择)范围”，因此选C。 division 分割，分开；area 面积，地区；circle 圈子，环形物，均与句意不符。

3. command n. & v. 命令，指挥 (1)in command of 掌握，控制 under one’s command 在……控制下；由……指挥/统帅 take command of 控制 at sb. ’s command 任由某人支配 (2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 command that-clause ［(should) do］命令……

①Nobody can take command of the situation where everything is in a mess. 没有人能控制混乱局势。 ②The captain commanded his soldiers to withdraw. 上尉命令他的士兵撤退。 ③The police officer commanded that all the people present ___________ still on the square. 警察命令所有在场的人待在广场上不动。 (should) stay

【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思 ①Applicants will be expected to have a good command of international trade. A. 控制　　　B. 精通　　　C. 命令　　　D. 俯视 ②The house stood on a hill commanding the whole town. 【答案】①B　②D

4. freezing adj. 严寒的；冰冻的 (1)freezing point 冰点 above/below freezing 冰点以上/冰点以下 freezing cold 冰冷的 (2)freeze v. 将……冷冻，冻僵; 冻死 frozen adj. 结冰的，冷冻的; 极冷的；无情的 freezer n. 冰箱；冷冻库；制冷工

①The north wind has frozen the water in the pool in the garden. 北风使花园小池里的水结冰了。 ②Nobody wants to see your frozen face. 没有人想看你那张板着的脸。 ③The family is managing a big freezer in the town. 这个家庭在镇上经营着一家大冷库。 ④I was frozen stiff after sitting so long and could hardly walk. 久坐之后我都冻僵了，几乎都不能走路了。

freezing ⑤Alcohol has a lower ________ point than water. 酒精的冰点比水低。

5. treat vt. 对待; 看作；治疗；款待 ①He was coolly treated by the boss. 他受到老板的冷遇。 ②While he stayed in the countryside, the master treated him as a distinguished guest. 他住在乡下时，主人把他视为上宾。 ③The dentist will treat my tooth. 这名牙医将医治我的牙齿。

④He treated his friends in his country cottage，which was built three years before. 他在他的乡间别墅款待了他的朋友们, 这座别墅是三年前盖的。

【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空 treat cure heal 治疗，采取各种手段进行治疗，强调过程和 动作。记住结构“treat sb. for +疾病”。 治愈，指消除疾病、痛苦和弊端等，也可表 示改正、戒除等，强调结果。记住结构 “cure sb. of +疾病/缺点”。 作不及物动词时，意为“愈合，痊愈；恢复 健康”，指伤口变好，疼痛消除。作及物动 词时, 意为“医治好，使痊愈，使康复”。 相 当于cure。记住结构 “heal sb. of +疾病”。

⑤He could ________ you of your pneumonia(肺炎), and you’d better go to see him as soon as possible. ⑥She tried every means to _____ her child of the bad habit. heal/cure cure

6. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍 (1)recommend. . . for 因……而推荐 recommend sb. sth. 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb. as. . . 推荐某人为…… recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend that-clause ［(should) do］ 建议……

It is/was recommended that-clause［(should) do］ 有人建议…… (2) recommendation n. 建议，称赞，介绍信

①He recommended me as secretary in the company. 他推荐我做这家公司的秘书。 ②It’s strongly recommended that the machine should be repaired every year. 强烈建议每年都要对机器进行检修。 ③He ___________ _______ safety equipment while inspecting the construction site. 他建议视察建筑工地时要佩戴安全装备。 recommends wearing

【真题链接】 ［2010福建, 29］Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 【解析】选A。考查recommend 宾语从句用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。句意：老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑脚踏车去学校。

7. die out 完全消失，灭绝 ①He is the last of the family; after his death the family will die out. 他是他家族活在这世上的最后一个成员。他一死, 他们家族便不复存在了。 ②The species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒于灭绝。

【拓展】补全下列“die”短语 die _____ (声、光、风)渐弱，逐渐消失 die _____ (火、暴风雨、光)渐弱，平息，渐息 die ___ 相继死亡 be dying ___ 渴望 die _______ 死于 away down off for of/from

8. deal with 对付，处理；惩处，处罚；对待(人)；论述，讨论，关于，谈到；与……做生意 ①We like to deal with that company for their products are of high quality. 我们喜欢和那家公司做生意是因为他们的产品质量很高。 ②I’ll deal with you when I get home from the office. 我下班回家后再收拾你。 ③This book deals with life in the United States. 这本书谈的是美国的生活情况。

【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空 deal with do with 意为 “处理，对待；对付，论述或谈论(某问 题)”, 其中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词 how连用。 句型中的do是及物动词，故其结构应为 do sth. with. . . ，即“做某事来处理……”。 要表示“如何处理”之意时，常与疑问词what 连用。

④I don’t know what they will _______ the problem. ⑤How to ________ the gang is a tough problem. do with deal with

9. in charge of 负责，管理，主管, 掌管, 看管, 在……掌管/看管之下 ①The manager in charge of the sales department was criticized by his boss yesterday. 昨天老板批评了负责销售部的经理。

【拓展】take charge of sb. /sth. 掌管、负责某人/某事 in the charge of sb. 受某人的管理 free of charge 免费的

② The president decided to put the financial office __ ___ ______ __ Mr. Zhang. 董事长决定把财务部交给张先生来管理。 ③He ____ ______ __ the farm after his father’s death. 他父亲去世后他掌管了农场。 in the charge of took charge of

10. to be honest 说实话 英语中经常用非谓语动词短语作插入语： (1)to be frank = frankly speaking 坦率地说 to start/begin with 首先 to make matters worse 使事情更糟的是 to be more exact 更准确地说 to tell(you) the truth 实话告诉你 to be sure 确定地说

(2)generally speaking 总的来说 honestly speaking 说实话 strictly speaking 严格地说 personally speaking 就个人而言

①To be honest, I don’t think your team can get the first place in the game. 说实话，我认为你们队在比赛中不会夺冠。 ②To make matters worse, I couldn’t find my documents in my computer due to the new virus. 更糟的是，由于这种新的病毒，我在电脑中找不到我的文件了。 ③_________ ________ , the more expensive the camera, the better the quality. 一般说来， 照相机越贵，质量越好。 Generally speaking

【真题链接】 ［2009浙江，18］______ , the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary C. In particular D. To be honest 【解析】选D。考查习惯用语作插入语。句意：老实说，尽管就工作本身来说十分令人感兴趣，但是报酬不足以吸引人。A项是一般来说，大体上说；B项是相反地；C项是特别地，尤其。从这项工作的两面性来判断，应该是说的心里话，To be honest实事求是地说，老实说，故选D。

11. lose sight of 看不见；忽略，忘记 in sight 看得见 come in sight 进入视线，映入眼帘 at first sight 乍一看；初看时 at the sight of 一看见 out of sight 看不见 catch sight of 看见

①Never lose sight of your inner kindness and beauty. 永远不要忽略你内心的善良和美。 ②The land came in sight after we had sailed for ten days. 我们在海上航行了十天后，终于看见了陆地。 ③In the street she ______ ____ __ her little son lost five years before. 在大街上她突然看见了五年前丢失的小儿子。 caught sight of

12. In other cultures, looking thin for a husband-to-be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive. 在其他文化中，女人根本不想在未来的丈夫眼中显得苗条，而身材略微丰满才更加迷人。 句中的“looking thin. . . ”和“looking a little. . . ”是动名词作主语。

动名词作主语时为了避免头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替，把真正的主语放在句末。it is 后面可以是名词no use, no good或形容词useless，nice, good, interesting等。

①It is no good making friends with the guy. 和那家伙交朋友没什么好处。 ②It is useless getting here ahead of time. 提前到达那里是没有用处的。 ③It is my job _______ the alley every day. 每天清扫胡同是我的工作。 cleaning

13. He used to be quite rich but something must have happened to him, probably problems with drink. 他过去很富有，但是他一定是发生了什么事情，可能是喝酒的问题。 句中must+完成结构表示对过去的推测。

must +完成结构：一定做过某事 can’t/couldn’t+完成结构：一定没做过某事, 不可能做过某事 may/might +完成结构：(过去)可能做过某事 could +完成结构：本来可以做(却未做) would+完成结构：本愿意做某事(却未做) needn’t +完成结构：本没有必要做 should/shouldn’t+完成结构：本(不)应该做某事 ought/oughtn’t to +完成结构：本(不)应该做某事

① It must have rained last night, for the ground was quite muddy. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面很泥泞。 ②The teacher must have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. 我认为老师一定觉得约翰逊值得一教，否则就不会浪费时间在他身上了。 ③You _____ ____ ______ the early bus, but you got up so late. 你本来能够赶上早班车，可是你起床太晚了。 could have caught

(1)be keen on 与其他类似结构短语辨析 (2)used to do sth. 与类似含义短语辨析 (3)in preparation for与类似含义短语辨析

1. The family ______ see movies after dinner, but they are now used to reading together. A. used to B. be used to C. would D. felt like 【解析】选A。考查句型。句意：这家人过去常常晚饭后看电影，但现在他们却习惯于一起读书了。 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(但现在不做了)；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事；would do sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不一定不做)；feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。

2. The young man is ______ studying physics because he is interested in the mysteries of nature. A. tired of B. keen on C. surprised at D. sure of 【解析】选B。考查短语搭配。句意：这个年轻人热衷于研究物理学，因为他对大自然的奥秘感兴趣。tired of厌倦；keen on 热衷于；be surprised at对……惊讶；be sure of有把握。

3. According to the plan, we began to ______ this journey. A. in preparation for B. make preparations for C. be prepared for D. be ready for 【解析】选B。begin 后接不定式作宾语，排除A项；C、D两项短语都是表示状态，不合句意；make preparations for sth. 和prepare for sth. 同义，都表示动作。故选B。

巧点推理判断题 　　在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意（implied meaning），得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。

一、推理判断题正确选项的特点 1. 正确选项不是文章直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。 2. 正确选项大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。

二、推理判断题干扰选项的特点 1. 夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面在某种程度上进行了夸大处理。这种看似原文推断出来的结论，实际上却与原文不符。有时是因果倒置，手段变目的等。 2. 无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。 3. 掺入常识：根据考生已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章。

4. 推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。 5. 原文引用：引用一些文中已言明的事实，不需推理。这种引用只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，错把直接表达当作间接推理。

三、推理判断题解题技巧 　　做推理判断题时，一定不能以自己的观点来代替文章作者的观点，我们可以根据以下三点来解推理判断题。 1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断

【真题连连看】 　　［2011四川］The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（数字化）of everyday life. 　　Set to open in 2013, the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment. 　　. . .

52. The text is most probably taken from ______ . A. a computer book B. a library guide C. a project handbook D. a newspaper report

【步步精析】 52. 选D。根据文章的文体及其涉及的内容来看，该文并非在谈论电脑的问题，故A项错误。该文不仅谈了虚拟图书馆，还提到了相关行业和公司，并非一本图书馆指南所收集的内容，因此B项也不正确。根据全文内容来看，本文并非是选自一本项目手册。根据原文第一段信息可知本文是关于Birmingham数字图书馆的，本文第一段就是本文的主题段，后面讲述了该数字图书馆的一些事实和细节，这是新闻报道的常用格式。当然我们要在通读全文后才能做出正确判断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断 很多文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。

名词性从句 　　名词性从句是语法学习的重点内容，也是高考必考内容。对名词性从句的考查主要集中在连接词和连接代（副）词的选择上。复习备考时应着重以下几方面：1. that和what的辨析；2. if和whether在引导名词性从句时的区别；3. 名词性从句和强调句型及其他句式的综合运用。

1. ［2011四川, 10］Our teachers always tell us to believe in ______ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why　　　　　　　　 B. how C. what　　　　　　　　D. which 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意: 我们的老师们总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。believe in 之后是两个并列的宾语从句，在第一个从句里，动词do 缺少宾语，所以用what 。故选C。

2. ［2011山东, 26］I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. A. that　　　B. when　　　C. where　　　D. why 【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个干实事的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。根据句子语法结构，why在句中用来引导表语从句。其他连词与句子语意不符。

3. ［2011辽宁, 32］When the news came ______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because 【解析】选C。考查同位语从句。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。空格后the war broke out为news的内容，构成了同位语从句，而且从句中什么成分也不缺，要用that来引导，that不能省略。

4. ［2011江西, 26］The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A. this　　　B. that　　　C. what　　　D. which 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少宾语且指物，所以选择what。

5. ［2011陕西, 15］I’d like to start my own business—that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what 【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表语从句中充当宾语。what I’d do“我所愿意做的事情”。

6. ［2011湖南, 31］Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 【解析】选A。考查主语从句。句意：在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。句中的it是形式主语，代替what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中充当表语。

7. ［2011安徽, 33］His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ______ it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。 句意：他的作文如此令人困惑以至于很难搞清楚他想表达什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what。that在宾语从句中不作成分；how为连接副词，不能作宾语；who指人，不符合语境。

8. ［2011江苏, 26］It was never clear ______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why 【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。根据句意可知主语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。that引导主语从句不作句子成分；how作方式状语；when作时间状语，均不合句意。

9. ［2011重庆, 34］It is not always easy for the public to see ______ use a new invention can be of to human life. A. whose B. what C. which D. that

【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：对于公众来说，要想知道一项新的发明对人类的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。此句中，it为形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语，其中 ______ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的宾语从句，其正常语序为a new invention can be of ______ use to human life，引导宾语从句时，whose 修饰名词，表示“谁的”；what 修饰名词，表示“什么”；which 修饰名词，表示“哪个，哪些”；that后面不能接名词。由此可以看出该空填what，what use“什么用处”，故选B。

10. ［2011北京，22］______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：芭芭拉·琼斯提供给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物，由此可知从句中offer后面缺少宾语，应用what来作宾语并引导从句，故选B。

11. ［2011天津，13］Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases. A. what　　　B. which　　　C. that　　　D. where 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：现代科学已给出了明显的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。smoking can lead to many diseases是evidence的同位语。解释说明evidence的内容所以应选连词that, that引导同位语从句不作句子成分，且不可省略。

12. ［2011山东, 33］We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know ______ she’ll accept it. A. where　　　B. what　　　C. whether　　　D. which 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。选项中whether引导宾语从句表示是否，where表示地点；what往往在名词性从句中指“……的人或物”；which表示“哪一个”。

13. ［2011重庆, 22］It is still under discussion ______ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where 【解析】选 A。考查主语从句。句意：旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。引导名词性从句时，A项意为“是否”，并且能与or not连用；B项意为“……的时间”；C项意为“哪一个，哪一些”；D项意为“……的地点”。此句中，it为形式主语，后面从句为真正的主语，由句意以及后面的or not可知选A。

14. ［2011北京, 31］The shocking news made me realize ______ terrible problems we would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why 【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：这条令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们会面临着多么可怕的问题。宾语从句为感叹句：“what(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”结构，故答案为A。

15. ［2011上海，35］There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. A. what　　　B. if　　　C. how　　　D. that 【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意：有确定的证据证明最难诠释的感觉是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语，因此引导词要用that，that在同位语从句中不作成分，且不能省略。

16. ［2010全国卷Ⅰ，33］We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that　　　B. which　　　C. what　　　D. where 【解析】选D。句意：我们还没有商量将把我们的新家具放在哪儿。通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接副词。where在名词性从句中作地点状语且符合句意，故D项正确。

17. ［2010上海, 37］When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ______ . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 【解析】选B。句意：在转换车道时，司机应当使用转向信号灯，以使其他司机知道他要转向哪个车道。动词或介词后的宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。

18. ［2010四川，14］How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ______ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what　　　B. who　　　C. how　　　D. why 【解析】选B。句意：一个人旅游多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，是他的朋友还是亲戚。根据句中的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选项B正确。

19. ［2009全国卷Ⅰ, 24］Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales please? A. who　　　B. what　　　C. whoever　　　D. whatever 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：我能与主管国际销售的人交谈吗？宾语从句中缺少主语并且指人，排除选项B和D。who虽可引导宾语从句，但表疑问，不符合语境。此处whoever=anyone who。

20. ［2010北京, 33］______ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether　　B. What　　C. That　　D. How 【解析】选B。本题考查主语从句。句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。drawback意思是“缺点，障碍”；plus在此处的意思是“有利的情况或因素”。what引导主语从句并在从句中作regard的宾语。从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导。that引导主语从句不作成分。

表1 名词性从句的连接词 连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 表1　名词性从句的连接词 连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 意为“是否”， 均不能省略。 (1)句首that不能省 略。由that引导的 主语从句，通常用 it作形式主语。 (2)whether引导的 主语从句既可放在 句首也可放在句末， 但if引导的主语从句 只能放在句末，前面 需用it作形式主语。 ①It is very important that we must master English words as many as possible. ②Whether it is true remains a question. ③It is unknown if he will attend the meeting. 主语 从句

连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 意为“是否”， 均不能省略。 (1)that引导宾语从句在口语和非正式文体中常省略。 (2)及物动词后跟两个（或两个以上）宾语从句时只有第一个that可以省略。 (3)if与whether可互换。后面直接跟or not时用whether不用if。作介词宾语时一般用whether。discuss后必须用whether引导的宾语从句。 ①He said (that)the text was important and that we should recite it. ②We don’t know whether or not she was ready. ③I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work. 宾 语 从 句

连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 意为“是否”， 均不能省略。 ①The trouble is that we are short of money. ②The question is whether it is worth doing. (1)that一般不省略。 (2)用whether而不 用if。 表语 从句

连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 连接词that, whether, if。 that在句中只 起连接作用， 不作成分， 有时可省略； whether和if不 充当成分， 意为“是否”， 均不能省略。 ①The fact that Shenzhou Ⅷ has been launched successfully makes the Chinese people happy. ②The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided. (1)that不能省略。 (2)用whether而不 用if。 同位 语从 句

连接词及从句类型 要点归纳 典句例示 ①What he said is very important to us. 主语 ②Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 主语 从句 （1）从句中用陈述 语序。 （2）连接词在句中 有各自的意义，不 能省略。 （3）连接代词在从 句中作主语、表语、 宾语或定语。 （4）连接副词在从 句中作状语。 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever 和连接副词 where, when, why, how。 宾语 从句 ①Pay attention to what the teacher said. ②Do you know when the meeting will begin? ①The problem seemed how we could make him understand it. ②That is why he caught a cold yesterday. 表语 从句 ①I had no idea who had stolen the money. ②I have no idea how he will come. ③The news came that we would have three holidays off. 同位语 从句

表2 名词性从句注意事项 从句 注意事项 1. 用it作形式主语的常用句型有： (1)It+系动词+形容词 表2　名词性从句注意事项 从句 注意事项 1. 用it作形式主语的常用句型有： (1)It+系动词+形容词 (necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+ that从句 (2)It+be+名词（短语）(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句 (4)It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that从句 2. 在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+ that从句结构中，从句用“(should+)动词原形” 主 语 从 句

从句 注意事项 当主句的主语是第一人称单数，谓语为表示“认为，相信，猜测”的动词think, believe, suppose, expect等时, 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 宾 语 从 句 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it, 这类动词（短语）有: hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, see to, insist on, depend on等。

从句 注意事项 一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但 except, in, but等也可跟that引导的宾语从句。其他介词后 面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 宾 语 从 句 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补 足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。

从句 注意事项 在demand/desire/insist/order/propose/recommend/require/ suggest/request/advise/command等表示要求、愿望、命 令、建议等动词后，that从句中常用(should+)动词原形。 宾 语 从 句 在由doubt, doubtful引导的宾语从句中，如果主句为肯定句， 宾语从句的连接词用whether/if, 在否定句或疑问句中，宾 语从句的连接词常用that。

从句 注意事项 宾 语 从 句 主句是现在时态时，宾语从句的时态根据情况而定，主句 是过去时态时，宾语从句须用与过去有关的时态，除非 宾语从句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。

从句 注意事项 主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时, 表语从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”形式。 表语 从句 和同 位语 在order, suggestion, advice等名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”形式。

从句 注意事项 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词用that。 表语 从句 和同 位语 as if/though, because，why也可以引导表语从句，其中as if/though引导的从句既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。

1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 略；that引导定语从句时，that在从句中作主语、宾语或 表语。作宾语时可以省略。 （2）that引导的同位语从句说明名词的具体内容，与其所 说明的名词之间是同位关系；that引导的定语从句说明先行 词的性质特征，与先行词之间是修饰与被修饰的关系，即 从属关系。 （3）同位语从句所说明的名词只限于抽象的具有具体内容 或信息的名词；定语从句的先行词无范围限制。 特 别 提 醒

2. wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别： 3. A is to B what C is to D. 是一个句型，意为“A对B而言 正如C对D一样。” Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样重要。 特 别 提 醒

4. 下列两种情况常用it作形式主语： （1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时： Has it been decided where we will perform the experiment? （2）在It does not matter +how, whether, if. . . 结构中: It does not matter to me whether he is going there or not. 特 别 提 醒

1. ［2012嘉峪关模拟］Mike didn’t understand ______ made his wife so upset this morning. A. what was it that B. what it was that C. how that was D. why it was that 【解析】选B。考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：迈克就是不明白到底是什么让他夫人今天上午焦急不安。what引导宾语从句。强调句型强调宾语从句的主语，用陈述语序。故选B。

2. ［2012成都模拟］These shoes look very good. I wonder ______ . A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：这些鞋看起来很好。我想知道它们要多少钱。cost 为实义动词，排除选项A和D；宾语从句应该使用陈述语序，排除B项，故选C。

3. ［2012洛阳模拟］What I want to tell you is ______ I’ve made a decision that I will give up the job. A. this　　　B. that　　　C. those　　　D. these 【解析】选B。考查表语从句。句意：我想告诉你的是我已决定放弃这个工作。表语从句中的that只起连接作用但不能省略。

4. ［2012重庆模拟］— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. — That’s ______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A. where　　　B. what　　　C. when　　　D. how 【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意：——周日我喜欢把自己关在屋里整天听音乐。——那就是我不同意你的地方。你应该有更活跃的生活。agree是不及物动词，后面不接宾语，排除B项，同时上下文中并没有涉及方式和时间方面的信息，所以排除C和D。在某方面与某人观点不一致应是指抽象的地点，所以用where引导表语从句。

5. There is no doubt ______ international cooperation is the key to ______ with cybercrime. A. whether; doing B. that; dealing C. whether; do D. that; do 【解析】选B。考查同位语从句和非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，国际合作是对付网络犯罪的关键所在。There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问；the key to. . . ……的关键，to 是介词，故用动名词。

6. ［2012忻州模拟］______ some teenagers don’t realize is ______ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. A. That; how B. Which; what a C. What; what D. What; how 【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是吸毒成瘾后生活是多么艰难。主语从句里面缺少宾语，故排除A；which意为“哪一个（些）”，不符合语境，排除B项；在感叹句中，how修饰形容词或副词，而what修饰名词，排除选项C，故选D。

7. ［2012金华模拟］ More than 100 students have entered for the competition and ______ gains the most points will be the winner. A. anyone B. the one C. that D. whoever 【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：100多名学生参加了比赛，得分最多的将成为获胜者。whoever无论是谁, 引导主语从句并在从句中充当主语，可以用anyone who替换。

8. ［2012聊城模拟］After ______ seemed a long time, they finally arrived at the destination. A. what　　　B. it　　　C. that　　　D. which 【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：过了好像好久，他们才最终到达了目的地。what引导的宾语从句作介词after的宾语, what在从句中作主语。

9. ［2012长沙模拟］Now comes the announcement from Apple, one of the world’s best-known companies, ______ Steve Jobs passed away, shocking all of us. A．that　　　B．which　　　C．one　　　D．what 【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。that引导同位语从句，说明announcement的内容。

10. ［2012哈尔滨模拟］—Why do you think the film star is getting less popular? —I guess the way she wears is ______ annoys her fans most. A. which　　　B. where　　　C. how　　　D. what 【解析】选D。考查表语从句。what 引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，而且what 在从句中作主语。答句语意：我猜她的穿着方式是最让她的粉丝们恼火的。

11. ［2012沈阳模拟］—How are you getting along with your project? —I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me ______ I could work with my roommate Tim. A. that　　　B. how　　　C. why　　　D. whether 【解析】选A。考查同位语从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim 句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea 的内容。

12. ［2012北京模拟］______ we will do is to leave a note to tell mum we will be back late. A. Whether　　　B. What　　　C. That　　　D. How 【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：我们将要做的是，留张纸条给妈妈，告诉她我们将晚点儿回来。what 引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。

13. ［2012银川模拟］Up to now, I haven’t got any idea ______ we should go on with the project. A. that　　B. whether　　C. what　　D. which 【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。根据句中的“I haven’t got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程，故选B，引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。A项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。

14. ______ seems to be no possibility ______ Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100-meter race. A. It; that B. There; that C. There; whether D. It; whether 【解析】选B。考查固定句式和同位语从句。第一空是There seems to be 的固定表达；第二空是that引导的同位语从句，补充说明possibility的具体内容。故选B。

15. ［2012沈阳模拟］—The patient looks much better. — ______ is it that has made him ______ he is today？ A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. What; which 【解析】选C。考查强调句和宾语从句。问句的意思是“是什么让他成为今天的状况的呢？”本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，被强调部分是主语，故第一空用what；第二空what 在从句中作表语。

16. ［2012潍坊模拟］In the past, the respect for teachers was driven by the belief ______ they were reliable sources of knowledge. A. what　　　B. that　　　C. why　　　D. whether 【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。that 引导the belief后的同位语从句，此处that本身无含义，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。

17. ［2012福州模拟］______ is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. A. As　　　B. It　　　C. That　　　D. What

【解析】选D。考查主语从句。what在这里引导主语从句，此题要注意分析句子结构，主语从句缺少主语，所以选D。如果题目改为：①______is known to us all , the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. 此空应用As，As引导非限制性定语从句；②______ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. 此空应用It, It作形式主语。

18. ［2012合肥模拟］At the evening party the host said ______ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward. A. whoever B. who C. no matter who D. whomever 【解析】选A。考查主语从句。此处whoever = anyone who 引导主语从句，who可以引导主语从句但表疑问而whomever 在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。

19. ［2012宝鸡模拟］The other day, my father drove his car at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as　　　B. that　　　C. which　　　D. what 【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，我父亲开着车以我认为危险的速度行驶。at为介词，后边的从句为宾语从句，先排除as。I thought 为插入语，从句中明显缺主语，再排除that。which 在名词性从句中的词义为“哪一个”，而此句中不是此意，故选D。

20. ［2012北京模拟］I persuaded my parents ______ we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland. A. what　　　B. that　　　C. where　　　D. how 【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：我说服了父母我们应该去意大利而不是苏格兰度假。分析句式结构可知，从句中不缺少任何成分，因此选that。

21. ［2012吉林模拟］It is ______ Tom often breaks the school rules ______ makes teacher unsatisfied with him. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. which; that 【解析】选C。考查强调句型和主语从句。句意：是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的老师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语从句that Tom often breaks the school rules。

22. ［2012太原模拟］You should explore your talents so as to find out ______ your real interests lie. A. what　　　B. which　　　C. where　　　D. how 【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：你应该挖掘你的才能为的是发现你的真正兴趣所在。此处是由where引导的宾语从句，作find out 的宾语，where 在从句中作地点状语。所以选C。

23. ［2012合肥模拟］I have no idea ______ the journalist could have got his information from. A. that　　　B. why　　　C. which　　　D. where 【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。根据句意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息”可知，此处应用where引导同位语从句，解释idea 的具体内容，所以这里选D。

24. What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when　　　B. if　　　C. whether　　　D. what 【解析】选C。考查表语从句。句意：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否可以很快从这种严重的疾病中康复。后半句是whether 引导的表语从句。

25. ［2012保定模拟］—Don’t you believe me? — ______ , I’ll believe ______ you say. A. Yes; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. No; whatever 【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：——难道你不相信我吗？——不，我相信你说的一切。whatever引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，no matter what只能用来引导让步状语从句。对否定疑问句的回答要根据事实来回答，根据答语后半句可知用yes。

Where there is a will, there is a way.