Unit Seven Stress

Part One Listening and Speaking Listening Script and Key ◆ Activity 1 Sizes and Prizes Directions: In this part there are 10 short conversations. Each of the conversations will be read for 3 times. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.

1. M: What size is this T-shirt? W: Its size is 42. (1) 2. M: How much is this computer? (2) W: It’s 3,895 yuan. 3. M: What size is your suitcase? Is it big or small? W: It’s small, but it’s heavy. (3) 4. M: How much do these sports shoes cost? W: They cost 40 dollars. (4) 5. M: Is your house big or small? (5) W: It’s small, but rather expensive.

6. M: How much is this beautiful car? W: It’s more than 25 pounds. (6) 7. M: What is the size of this box? W: It’s 7 meters long, 2 meters wide and 3 meters high. (7) 8. M: Is this bike on sale? (8) W: Yes. It is only 150 Hongkong dollars. 9. M: Do you have any medium-sized glass? W: Sorry, they are sold out. (9) 10. M: What’s the size of your newly bought sofa? W: It is a big one, but it is cheap. (10)

◆ Activity 2 Conversation Directions: In this part there are 5 conversations. Each of the conversations will be read twice. Listen to them carefully and then decide whether the statements below are true, false or not mentioned according to the conversations you hear. Write T for True, F for False and N for not mentioned in the spaces provided.

Conversation 1 M: Would you please open the door? W: Yes. M: Please pass the chair to me. W: What are you going to do? M: I would like to take down that picture. W: Why? The picture looks beautiful. M: Yes, it does. But I have a more beautiful picture now. W: Oh, let me have a look. T 1. The man needs a chair to take down a picture.

Conversation 2 M: I’m too busy this morning. W: What can I do for you? M: Would you mind mailing this package for me? W: I’m glad to. Please give me that package. M: Here it is. Oh, the package needs wrapping before going to the post office. W: No problem. I can do it. M: Thank you very much. W: Not at all. T 2. The package should be wrapped so that it can be taken to the post office.

Conversation 3 M: Will you do me a favor, Tian Hua? W: Yes, I will, Xu Hong. M: Please buy a bottle of milk for me when you go shopping this afternoon. W: No problem. Do you like milk? M: Yes, but I don’t like it very much. W: Then, why do you buy it? M: I need it tonight, because I have to stay up late for tomorrow’s Chinese test. W: Oh, I see. F 3. Xu Hong is going to have an English test tomorrow.

Conversation 4 M: Nice to see you, Mary. W: Nice to see you, too, Bob. M: Hang up my overcoat, will you? I don’t know where to put it. W: Of course. M: Would you like to take a look at our new dormitory? W: Yes, I would like to. Where is it? M: It’s not far away. W: All right. Let’s go now. N 4. Bob might move to a new dormitory.

Conversation 5 M: Could you please read this letter, Jack? W: Yes, of course, Diana. But whose letter is it? M: It is from one of my old friends. W: Well, David is coming to Shanghai. M: Yes, he is coming this afternoon. W: Then what can I do for it? M: Would you please go to the airport and pick him up? W: Yes, I would like to. N 5. Jack is living in Shanghai now.

◆ Activity 3 Passage Directions: In this part there is only one passage. Listen to the passage twice and then decide on the appropriate answer to each of the questions from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Jack and Bill are seven years old. One day, they went out to sell pies together. Before they set out, Jack’s mother told Jack, “You take twelve pies, and sell them for five cents each. You mustn’t eat them and you mustn’t give any of them to your friends.”

“Bill’s mother told Bill the same words “Bill’s mother told Bill the same words. Then they went to town together. But after a whole morning Bill sold only one. Bill felt very hungry, but he knew he couldn’t eat his pies. What should he do? He thought for a moment, and then he had an idea. He took his five cents and bought a pie from Jack and ate it. Jack was hungry, too. So he spent the five cents on a pie of Bill’s and ate it. The whole day passed. All of Bill’s and Jack’s pies were sold out, and were also eaten up.

Questions and Answers 1. Q: What is Bill going to do? A: C. He is going to sell some pies. 2. Q: How much can Jack get if he sells out all his pies? A: D. 60 cents. 3. Q: How much did Jack take back home by selling his A: D. Nothing. 4. Q: Who got the creative idea? A: A. Bill. 5. Q: To whom were the pies sold? A: C. Both Jack and Bill.

Speaking Activity 1 Sample —— A: Hello, Xiao Hua. B: Hello, Xiao Jing. A: Would you please do me a favor? B: Yes. What can I do for you? A: Help me move that heavy sofa, will you? B: Yes. I’m glad to. A: Thank you very much. B: You’re welcome.

Activity 2 Sample —— One day, I bought a computer. When I was taking it upstairs to my dormitory, I saw one of the students walking downstairs. The computer was too heavy for me to take it upstairs, so I stopped and tried to find one of my friends for help. Just then a stranger came. I went up to him and said with a smile: “Would you mind doing me a favor?” The stranger looked at me and said, “I am glad to…” Then, he took up my computer to my dormitory. When I thanked him for help, he told me that he would like to help me although he was very busy then, because I asked him to do me a favor in a very polite way.

Part Two Reading Lead-in Activity Self-test The answer is open.

Reading Language Focus 1. Stress is caused by the body’s response to protect itself. (Para. 2) 这里cause是动词，意为“引起”, cause也可作名词，意为“原因”。例如： 1）The heavy rain caused the flood. 大雨引起了洪水。 2）They are trying to find out the cause of the terrible fire. 他们正在努力查寻那次可怕火灾的原因。 itself是反身代词。反身代词可用作句子的宾语或同位语。例如： 1）The cat saw itself in the mirror. 猫看到了镜子里的自己。 2）The school itself should take the responsibility. 责任应当由学校自己承担。

2. This is good in dangerous situations, such as getting out of the way of a speeding car. (Para. 2) She is in a hopeless situation. 她处于无助情形。 句中such as … 是“诸如……”的意思。例如： You may buy some fruit for her， such as oranges and bananas. 你可以为她买些水果，例如桔子、香蕉。

get out of the way是“让开，避开”的意思。例如： 1）Please get out of the way, and let us get on with the job. 请让开，我们要继续工作。 2）You can’t give any help, so just get out of the way. 你们帮不了忙，所以让开吧。 speeding是现在分词用作形容词，通常置于所修饰词之前。例如： 1）How lovely the singing girl is! 这位唱歌的女孩多可爱! 2）Look at the running horse. 看那匹奔跑的马。

3. But it can bring about physical illness if it goes on for too long, such as in response to life’s daily challenges and changes. (Para. 2) 这里的if是连接词，它可以用来引导条件状语从句。例如： 1）What would Diana think of him if he failed? 如果他失败，戴安娜会怎么看他? 2）You can wait here if you like. 如果你愿意，你可以在这儿等。

bring about是动词词组，表示“导致，引起”的意思。例如： 1）I am sure your words will bring about misunderstanding to people. 我相信你的话会引起大家的误解。 2）Driving with high speed might bring about a car accident. 快速驾车可能导致车祸。 go on是常用的动词短语，表示“继续”的意思。例如： 1）Please go on with your story. 请继续讲你的故事。 2）If you go on like this, you'll make big mistakes some day. 如果你继续这样下去势必有一天要铸成大错。

in response to是固定词组，意为“响应，适应”。例如： 1）The place was changed in response to his request. 应他的要求而改变了地点。 2）He quitted smoking in response to her appeal. 为响应她的呼吁他戒烟了。 句中daily是表示时间的形容词，是由名词+后缀-ly构成的。例如： 1）This article was published in a daily newspaper two months ago. 这篇文章两个月前在一份日报上发表。

4. When this happens, your body seems to get ready to jump out of the way of the car, but you’re sitting still. (Para.3) get ready是常用动词短语，意为“准备好”。例如： 1）Please get ready to answer these questions. 请做好准备回答这些问题。 2）It took her a long time to get ready for the dinner. 她花费了很多时间准备晚餐。

这里的still是形容词，在句中用作宾语补语。形容词可用作宾语补足语。例如： 1）All of the mailboxes are painted green. 所有的邮箱都被漆成了绿色。 2）All men are created equal. 人人平等。

5. Your body is working overtime, which can make you feel anxious, afraid, and worried. (Para. 3) 1）The exam, which lasted for an hour, was well arranged. 考试安排得很好，持续了一个小时。 2）The book, which he bought yesterday, is out of stock now. 他昨天买的那本书，现在已经卖完了。

在make you feel anxious … 中，feel anxious是省略了to的不定式短语。动词make, let, have后面通常跟省略to的动词不定式作其宾语补语。例如： 1）It was John who made me do so. 是约翰让我这样做的。 2）Let him go. 让他走。 3）Have him stand there. 就让他站在那儿。

句中形容词anxious, afraid,和worried充当感观动词feel的表语。常用的感观动词还有look, appear, seem, taste, smell, sound等。语法上，可以称其为半系动词，因此其后面通常可以跟形容词作其表语，而不跟副词。例如： 1）He feels bad. 他感到很难受。 2）The soup smells delicious. 这汤的香味诱人。 3）She looked nervous before the exam. 她在考试前显得很紧张。

6. Any sort of change can make you feel stressed, even good change 6. Any sort of change can make you feel stressed, even good change. (Para. 5) sort of表示“那种，那类”的意思。例如： 1）This sort of thing will not happen again. 这种事情将不再发生。 2）That sort of idea will do you harm. 那种想法对你是有害的。 句中的even是程度副词，用来修饰形容词。例如： 1）I looked sick, and felt even worse. 我看上去生病了，而且感觉更不好。 2）Stan was speaking even more slowly than usual. 史丹说得比平时更慢。

在feel stressed中，stressed是过去分词用作形容词。过去分词通常可以转化为形容词。例如： 1）I felt disappointed when hearing that the bus had gone. 听说汽车已经开走了，我感到失望。 2）I felt satisfied after I had finished the task. 工作完成后我感到很满足。

7. It’s not just the change or event itself, but also how you react to it that matters. (Para.5 ) how you react是连接词how引导的表语从句。例如：That is how we parted. 我们就是那样分手的。 react to表示“对……作出反应”的意思。例如： 1）I wonder how she will react to my words. 我想知道她对我的话作何反应。 2）They reacted violently to the news. 他们对这条新闻作出强烈反应。

8. What may be stressful is different for each person. (Para. 5) 这里What may be stressful是由疑问词what引导的主语从句。当所要表达的意思含有“疑问”的概念时，用相应的疑问词。注意，此时的“疑问”并不是一个疑问句，故不要使用疑问语序而要用陈述语序。例如： 1）When he will go is unknown to us. 他什么时候走我们不清楚。 2）Why he is coming is an open secret. 他为什么要来已是一个公开的秘密。 3）What he said cannot be trusted. 他所说的话不可信。

句中each是形容词，用来修饰名词，表示“每、各”的意思。例如： 1）There is a line of trees on each side of the road. 马路两边各有一行树。 2）Give an apple to each child. 给每个孩子一个苹果。

9. For example, one person may not feel stressed by retiring from work, while another may feel stressed. (Para. 5) 句中another是代词表示“另一个”, another还可以用作形容词。例如： 1）Would you like another orange? 你还想要个橘子吗？ 2）We’ll visit the farm another time. 我们另找时间访问农庄。

10. Other stressful things include losing your job, your child leaving or returning home, the death of your relative, divorce or marriage, an illness, an injury, money problems, or even having a baby. (Para.6) include在句中用作动词，意为“包括”。include后面只能用动名词（短语）、名词（短语）或代词作宾语。例如： 1）My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss! 为老板煮咖啡不是我工作分内的事！ 2）The price includes postage charges. 价钱包括邮费。

句中连接词or连接了名词或动名词短语。 这里your child leaving or returning home是动名词的复合结构。当动名词前加上一个名词或代词的所有格形式，这个名词或代词的所有格形式就是动名词的逻辑主语。例如： 1）The teacher’s praising the boy made all the other boys happy. 老师表扬了这孩子，这使得所有的孩子都很高兴。 2）I am afraid of his being late again. 我怕他又迟到。

11. Stress can cause health problems or make problems worse if you don’t learn ways to deal with it. (Para.8) if you don’t learn ways … 是连接词if引导的条件状语从句，if可引导条件状语从句。例如： 1）I will do it if I shall be paid. 如果付钱我就做这事。 2）I will not drive to work if it snows tomorrow. 如果明天下雪，我就不开车去上班了。 这里deal with是常用的动词短语，意为“安排，处理”。例如： 1）The book deals with this problem. 这本书论述了这个问题。 2）They have learnt to deal with various problems. 他们学会了处理各种问题。

12. Talk to your family doctor about it. (Para. 8) talk to sb. about sth.是固定搭配, 表示“向某人述说某事”的意思。例如： 1）Have you talked to your mother about your trouble? 你是否向你妈妈说过你的烦恼？ 2）She is talking to her boss about the thing that happened yesterday. 她正在向她的老板述说昨天发生的事情。

13. It’s important to make sure that your symptoms aren’t caused by other health problems. (Para. 8) to make sure…是动词不定式（短语），在句中作主语，而it只是形式上的主语。英语中的动词不定式（短语）在作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（动词不定式短语）置于句后。例如： 1）It’s very good for us to learn English. 对我们来说，学英语很有好处。 2）It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

句中make sure是常用的动词短语，意为“确信，证实”。例如： 1）He looked in the bathroom to make sure that he was alone. 他朝厕所看了看，确信他是独自一人。 2）She telephoned his secretary to make sure that the ticket had been booked. 她打电话给他的秘书，确信车票已经订好了。

14. The first step is to learn to know when you’re feeling stressed 14. The first step is to learn to know when you’re feeling stressed. (Para. 20) to learn to know是不定式（短语），用作主句的表语。不定式短语可用作句子的表语。例如： 1）What you should do is to go at once. 你现在应当做的就是马上走。 2）I think all you need to do is to fill in an application form. 我认为你需要做的一切就是填写一份申请表。

动词learn表示“学习”，后面跟不定式（短语），也可跟名词。例如： 1）Where did you learn to skate? 你在哪里学会滑冰的？ 2）They also learned acupuncture. 他们还学了针灸。 这里when you’re feeling stressed是know的宾语从句。

15. The next step is to choose a way to deal with your stress. (Para 句中to choose a way是不定式短语用作表语；to deal with your stress是不定式短语作定语，修饰way。不定式短语可作定语。例如： 1）I have got a chair to sit on. 我拿到一个可以坐的椅子。 2）One of the professor’s greatest attributes is his ability to lecture. 这位教授的最大特点之一是他讲课的能力。

16. One way is to avoid the event or thing that leads to your stress—but often this is not possible. (Para. 21) avoid后接名词（短语）或动名词（短语），意为“避免”。例如： 1）It is hard to avoid mistakes. 犯错误是难免的。 2）They tried to avoid answering his questions. 他们设法避免回答他的问题。

句中that leads to … 是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰thing。关系代词that可引导定语从句。例如： 1）The mouse that lives in the wall comes out at night. 这只住在墙里的老鼠晚上出来。 2）Peas that have been overcooked lose much of their flavor. 豆荚煮得过久，会失去许多味道。 这里lead to是常用动词短语，意为“导致”。例如： 1）Blindly copying others’ experience might lead to losses. 盲目搬用别人的经验，可能造成损失。 2）The discussion led to the approval of the plan. 经过讨论，大家通过了这项计划。

17. A second way is to change how you react to stress. (Para. 21) how you react to stress是由how引导的宾语从句，作不定式短语to change的宾语。

18. Don’t worry about things you can’t control, like the weather. (Para. 23) 1）Today he does not have to worry about making a living. 现在他不用为生活发愁了。 2）In those days he always worried about being unemployed. 那时候他经常为失业发愁。

句中like是介词，意为“比如，诸如”。例如： 1）He could say things like, “Let us go for a walk” or “Let’s go to the car” in French. 他会用法语说诸如，“让我们散步”或“让我们上车”。 2）Large cities, like New York, have more crimes than small cities. 大城市诸如纽约的犯罪案件比小城市多。

19. Prepare to the best of your ability for events you know may be stressful, like a job interview. (Para. 24) prepare for是动词短语，表示“为……做好准备”的意思。例如： 1）Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 存最好的希望，做最坏的准备。 2）We were preparing for bed when we heard a knock at the door. 我们正准备睡觉时听到有人敲门。

这里you know … 是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词events。当定语从句中所修饰的名词（词组）被形容词最高级所修饰时，关系代词只能用that来指代人或事物，而不能使用which。例如： 1）This is the best film (that) we have ever seen. 这是我们所看过的电影中最好的一部。 2）It is the most difficult work (that) that I will have to do. 这是我不得不做的最难的工作。

20. Try to look at changes as a challenge, not a threat. (Para. 25) 1）He has been trying to get you on the phone. 他一直在设法打电话找你。 2）I’ll try to improve it. 我将尽力改进它。 look at … as 表示“把……看作”。例如： 1）I will look at this chance as a turning point of my career. 我要把这次机会看作我事业的转折点。 2）Please don’t look at this matter as a threat. 请不要将此事当作威胁。

21. Ask for help from friends, family or professionals. (Para. 26) 1）If you get into difficulty, don’t hesitate to ask for advice. 你要是遇到困难，要赶紧向人求教。 2）He sat down and asked for a cup of tea. 他坐下来要了一杯茶。

22. Set realistic goals at home and at work. (Para. 27) set goals意为“建立目标”。例如： 1）Before starting on a project, you have to set some clearly defined goals. 在开始一个项目之前，你必须为自己确立一些明确的目标。 2）You will probably succeed if you set goals at the beginning. 如果从一开始就建立目标你就可能会成功。

at home是介词短语，表示“在家”。例如： 1）Is she at home now？ 她现在在家吗？ 2）I stayed at home to read. 我留在家里读书。 at work是介词短语，意为“在工作”。例如： 1）He is currently at work on a novel. 他目前在写小说。 2）Danger: men at work on this road. 危险：此路正在施工。

23. Eat well-balanced meals and get enough sleep. (Para. 29) well-known（著名的），well-chosen（精选的），well-informed（消息灵通的），well-prepared（做好充分准备的），等等。

Stress: How to Cope Better with Life’s Challenges Text A Stress: How to Cope Better with Life’s Challenges

Translation of Text A 压力：如何更好地应对生活中的挑战 造成压力的原因 压力是一种自身保护的身体反应。这在危险时刻是好事，如给正在加速行驶的车让路。但如果压力持续时间过长，就会引发生理疾病，如长时间应对日常生活中的挑战和改变。 这种情况就像你静止不动，但身体似乎已经要跳开给车让路。身体超负荷工作，会让你感到担心、害怕、忧虑。

产生压力的变化 任何改变都能让你感觉到压力，即使是好的变化。重要的不是变化本身，而是你对其做出的反应。导致压力的事情往往会因人而异。例如，有人也许不会觉得退休是一种压力，而另一个人会认为是压力。 产生压力的事情还包括失业、孩子离家或回家、亲属的逝世、离婚或结婚、疾病、受伤、资金问题，甚至是生小孩。 压力是否影响健康 压力会导致一些健康问题，如果不知道如何调节，问题则会更糟糕。常和家庭医生谈论你的压力，但要确保这种情况不是由其他健康问题引起的。

可能的压力征兆 ·忧虑 ·背痛 ·沮丧 ·头痛 ·高血压 ·交际关系问题 ·呼吸困难 ·胃部毛病 ·体重增加或减少

减轻压力的方法 首先要知道什么时候你会感觉到压力。压力早期 的征兆包括肩膀紧张或握紧拳头。 接下来，选择一种应对压力的方法。其一是避免引起压力 事情的发生——但通常这是不可能的。另外，试着改变对压力 做出的反应。这通常是最佳方法。 应对压力的方法 ·不要担心无法控制的事情，如天气。 ·尽力为你认为有压力的事情做充分的准备，如参加工作 面试。 ·试着将改变视为一种挑战，而不是威胁。 ·从朋友、家人或专业人员那里获取帮助。 ·设定生活和工作中的现实性目标。 ·经常锻炼。 ·保持饮食平衡、睡眠充足。

Exercises Understanding the Text 答案：D。解析：参照课文第一段第三句。 答案：C。解析：参照课文第五段。 Reading Comprehension 答案：D。解析：参照课文第一段第三句。 答案：C。解析：参照课文第五段。 答案：B。解析：参照课文第一段第三句。 答案：A。解析：参照课文第五段第一句。 答案：B。解析：参照课文第七段。 答案：A。解析：参照课文第五段第三句。 答案：D。解析：参照课文第七段。 答案：D。解析：参照上下文对压力的描述及怎样应对 压力等，可以推断作者可能是名医生。

Topics for Discussion Samples 1. —— Yes. I think college students do feel very tired because they cannot get a good sleep at night. It seems that they get used to sleeping late. You can hardly see a student who goes to bed before 11 o’clock at night. Most students study very hard. Everyone has an idea of surpassing each other. What’s more, they will also play computer games, do some washing, and next morning they have to get up at about 7:00 for classes. Therefore they cannot get enough sleep.

—— I think most college students feel very tired because they have too many lessons. If a student wants to get good marks in the final exam, he has to spend much time reviewing his lessons. In order to have more time, many students go to bed at midnight and get up early in the morning. This greatly influences their sleep and health. Some students from poor families have part-time jobs at weekends. They have to work and earn money. Such additional work also makes them feel rather tired.

2. —— When I feel sad, I often ask my friends for help 2. —— When I feel sad, I often ask my friends for help. This is because they are familiar with me. They usually have similar troubles. I can exchange ideas with them. In addition, my friends are all very kind and they are very good listeners. If they don’t know how to solve my problems, I can also speak out my trouble. In this way I recover from my depression. —— Usually I solve the problems myself. If I cannot handle difficulties or problems myself, I will ask my friends or parents for help. I will share my feelings with my friends and ask them to give me some advice. They will encourage me and make me feel relaxed. Sometimes I don’t ask anyone for help. I will stop working and relax for a while. I will sing songs or have big meals to reduce my pressure.

Language Power Building Word Focus Word Matching 1.dangerous d. unsafe 2. choose j. to make a choice 3.daily i. everyday 4. event k. thing 5.hurt o. injury 6. sort c. kind 7.Happen a. take place 8. illness m. sickness 9.response f. reaction 10. sign n. symptom 11.death g. passing away 12. protect l. keep from being damaged 13. prepare h. get ready 14. lead e. guide 15. Loss b. miss

Multiple-choice 1．答案：A. of。 解析：sort of表示“某种”的意思。其他介词不能在该句中构成词组。 2．答案：D. to protect。 解析：protect：保护；cause：引起；admit：承认；control：控制。 3．答案：A. coped。 解析：cope with意为“处理，应付”。其他选项与题意不符。 4．答案：B. to。 解析：react to是词组，意为“对……作出反应”。 5．答案：C. lead to。 解析：lead to：导致；keep up with：跟上；react to：对……作出反应；go on：继续。

6．答案：A. anxiety。 解析： anxiety：焦急；depression：沮丧； pain：痛苦；stress：压力。 7．答案：B. control。 解析：control：控制；work：工作；lose：丢失； change：改变。 8．答案：D. overtime。 解析：overtime：加班；well-balanced：均衡的； still：静止的；enough：足够的。 9．答案：B. challenge。 解析：challenge：挑战；event：事件；matter：物质； sign：符号。 10．答案：D. about。 解析：bring about：使发生，致使；bring out：生产， 说出；bring on：引起，导致；bring back：拿回来。

11．答案：C. asked for。 解析：ask for：请求，寻找；make sure：确信； bring about：使发生，致使；look as：看作。 12．答案：A. set。 解析：set a goal：建立目标；challenge：挑战； cause：引起；do：做。 13．答案：B. other。 解析：other：其他的；another：不定数目中的“另 一个”；the other：两个中的“另一个”。 14．答案：D. threat。 解析：threat：威胁；response：反应； injury：伤害；symptom：症状。 15．答案：A. go on。 解析：go on：继续；go with：伴随；go in：参加； go for：努力获取。

Sentence Emphasis Error Detection and Correction 1. You may to feel worried when failing an exam. (删去to) 2. We can chooses some ways to reduce the amount of stress in our lives. (chooses改为choose) 3. I want to study more, and the boss often asks me to work overtime. ( and改为but) 4. My family and I was fishing when our boat sank. (was改为were ) 5. I am talking about my boss when she walked into the room. ( am改为was )

Sentence Completion 1.答案：C. like。 解析：这里like是介词，表示“诸如”的意思。 2.答案：B. which。 解析：这里关系代词which引导了非限定性定语从句。 3.答案：A. feel。 解析：动词make后面跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补 足语。 4.答案：C. What。 解析：这是what引导的主语从句。 5.答案：A. is。 解析：这是what引导的主语从句，意为“他所说的话不 真实”。

6.答案：D. to be。 解析：这是动词不定式作主语，it是形式主语。 7.答案：B. to his knocking。 解析：react to后面的非谓语动词形式只能是动名词。 8.答案：B. how。解析：这是不定式短语作宾语补足语，其他形式不可以。 9.答案：C. planting。 解析：such as表示“例如”的意思，后面通常接动名词 或名词。 10.答案：A. to hear。 解析：seem是半系动词，后面跟动词不定式作其表 语。

Extra Reading Language Focus 1. With the development of society, more and more people, especially young people, suffer from stress. (Para. 1) 这里with是介词，表示伴随状态。例如： 1）It will change with the temperature. 它随着温度而变化。 2）With these words he left the room. 他说完这些话便离开了房间。

more and more是固定短语，表示“越来越……”的意思。例如： 1）More and more people gathered at the lobby. 越来越多的人聚集在大厅里。 2）Bob became more and more angry. 鲍勃变得越来越气忿。 suffer from是常用的动词短语，意为“遭受，受……之苦”。例如： 1）Perhaps you’ve suffered from overwork. 或许你是工作过度了。 2）The town suffered from floods at this time last year. 这个小镇在去年这个时候遭受了水灾。

2. A recent China Youth Daily survey found 66 percent of young people seeing themselves as being under great pressure and fewer than 1 percent feeling stress-free. (Para. 1) find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”。例如： 1）I found him sitting beside his best friend John. 我发现他坐在他最好的朋友约翰的旁边。 2）They found the lost child hiding in the cave. 他们发现失踪的孩子躲在山洞里。

其中themselves 是反身代词，意为“他们自己” 。 see … as是固定搭配，表示“把……看作”。例如： 1）I see him as my best friend. 我把他看作是我最好的朋友。 2）We see him as one of the best writers in the country. 我们把他看作是我们国家最好的作家之一。 fewer than表示“少于”，用于可数名词，而less than则用于不可数名词。试比较： 1）We have fewer students this year than last year. 我们今年的学生人数少于去年。 2）I earn less money than my sister. 我挣的钱比我姐姐的少。

3. It also shows that such a problem is getting worse and worse with the passing of time. (Para. 1) that such a problem is getting worse and worse…是宾语从句，修饰shows。连接词that可以引导宾语从句。例如： 1）George knew that he should save more time for study. 乔治知道应当多留一些时间学习。 2）She said that she wanted to travel abroad. 她说她想去国外旅行。

get worse and worse表示“变得越来越糟”的意思。例如： 1）The patient is getting worse and worse. 病人的病情越来越差了。 2）The farmers’ harvest in this area is getting worse and worse. 这个地区农民的收成越来越差了。

4. Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something. (Para. 2) what you feel … 是表语从句；when you are worried … 是表语从句中when引导的时间状语从句。连接词what表示“什么”，可引导表语从句。例如： 1）This is what you hope for a long time, isn’t it? 这就是你一直期望的，是吗？ 2）The problem is what we shall do next. 问题是下一步我们该做什么。

5. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. (Para. 2) make your body feel bad意为“使感到身体不适”。表示“使”或“让”意思的make可以接不带to的动词不定式作其宾语补语。例如： 1）Who made you do the work? 是谁让你干这活的？ 2）David made her feel loved. 大卫使她感到被爱。

6. If you suffer from stress, you may feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid, which can give you a stomachache or a headache. (Para. 2) 句中feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid … 是一种系表结构，angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid是四个并列的形容词用作表语。类似的还有： 1）When she heard the news, she felt very happy. 听到这个消息，她感到很幸福。 2）They felt very excited when they were told that they would have a week’s holiday. 听说有一个星期假时，他们感到非常激动。

7. When you’re stressed you may not feel like sleeping or eating. (Para. 2) 1）Do you feel like a cup of coffee? 你想来一杯咖啡吗？ 2）I don’t feel like dancing. 我现在不想跳舞。

8. You may feel uncomfortable or have trouble paying attention at school and remembering things at home. (Para. 2) 这里or是连接词，连接了两个并列的动词短语feel uncomfortable 和have trouble paying attention … 。or 表示“或者”，可以用来连接动词短语。例如： 1）Does he like smoking or drinking? 他喜欢吸烟还是喝酒？ 2）Would you like to go out to have dinner or just eat at home? 你想出去吃晚饭还是在家里吃？

9. Those who have a good job, a happy marriage or lots of money may feel stressed. (Para. 2) who…是定语从句，修饰主语those。may feel stressed是系表结构。关系代词who可以引导定语从句。例如： 1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为此团队的代表人之一。 2）The official who used to deal with your business has moved to another branch. 过去负责处理你的事情的那个官员被调到另外一个分支机构去了。

10. Now, young people live a lifestyle their parents could only dream of. (Para. 3) their parents could only dream of是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词lifestyle。其中，动词短语dream of 意为“梦见，梦想”。例如： 1）I never dreamed of meeting you here. 我绝对未想到在这里遇到你。 2）I dream of being the best football player in the town. 我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。

11. Many of them own cars and flats, but their spending is running wild. (Para. 3) 1）Many of them will take part in that competition. 他们中有许多人将参加那场比赛。 2）Many of us don’t have time to do exercise. 我们许多人没有时间锻炼身体。

这里own是动词，表示“拥有”的意思。例如： 1）Many families here own cars. 这里很多家庭都拥有轿车。 2）Who owns this house? 谁拥有这幢房子？ 句中but是表示转折关系的连接词，用来连接两个分句。but可以连接两个分句。例如： 1）He had many personal misfortunes, but his music expressed a hopeful view of life. 他这个人有许多不幸，但他的音乐却表达了对生活的期望。 2）Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed. 萨莉很开心，但我却很尴尬。

12. Then, some people have anxiety, which leads to stress. (Para. 3) which leads to stress是非限定性定语从句，which是关系代词，其修饰的先行词是anxiety。在非限制性定语从句中，表示事物的关系代词只能是which，而不可以使用that。例如： 1）The train, which takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, which takes three. 火车到那儿只要两个钟头，比公共汽车快，公共汽车到那儿需要三个小时。 句中lead to是常用的动词短语，意为“导致”。例如： 1）This will lead to trouble in the future. 这将导致以后的麻烦。 2）This investment program will lead to the creation of hundreds of new jobs. 这项投资将创造成百上千的新的工作机会。

13. So analysts say that those very forces that brought the opportunities for young people also brought levels of stress. (Para. 4) that those very forces … 是由连词that引导的宾语从句，在主句中作谓语动词say的宾语。that brought the opportunities for young people是关系代词that引导的定语从句，在定语从句中用作主语，修饰先行词forces。在这种情况下，which和that可以互为替换。例如： I need a coat that (which) is both warm and light in weight. 我需要一件既暖和又轻巧的外套。

从句中的very是形容词，用来表示强调，修饰forces，意为“真正的”。very除了用作副词表示“非常”外，还可以用作形容词表示强调。例如： 1）He was caught in the very act of stealing. 他正在行窃时被当场擒住。 2）This is the very item needed to increase sales. 这正是需要增大销量的那个项目。

14. Insecurity among young people often shows itself in frequent job-hopping. (Para. 5) 句中among是介词，表示“在……之间”。注意：between用于两者之间，而among用于二者以上。例如： 1）She was traveling among a group of tourists. 她和一群观光客一起旅游。 2）There is a road between the two cities. 这两座城市之间有一条路。

15. That is driven by the increased media coverage of the super-rich, … (Para. 5) 1）The wanted criminal was finally caught by the police. 警察最终抓住了被通缉的罪犯。 2）The adopted child lived happily with his stepfather. 那位领养的小孩与养父快乐地生活着。

16. The young are also simply afraid of falling behind their fellows 16. The young are also simply afraid of falling behind their fellows. (Para. 6) 句中the young是表示“年轻人”的意思。形容词可以与定冠词连用，在句中充当一个名词词组，表示复数概念。类似结构的名词词组还有： the poor（穷人）；the dead（死人） 这里be afraid of是固定搭配，表示“害怕”的意思。例如： 1）He is never afraid of hard work. 他从不害怕艰苦的工作。 2）They didn’t play volleyball near the window because they were afraid of breaking it. 他们没在窗子附近打排球，因为怕把窗子打破了。

这里fall behind意为“落在……后面”。例如： 1）Students here study very hard because they don’t want to fall behind others. 这里的学生学习非常努力因为他们不想落后于其他人。 2）He ran so fast that I fell far behind him. 他跑得那么快，我远远落后于他。

17. This is especially true when it’s close to home – a neighbor getting rich even though he used to be a classmate. (Para 6) 在even though he used to be a classmate中，even though意为“尽管，即使”，引导了让步状语从句。even though可以引导让步状语从句。例如： 1）Even though they loved each other, they decided to part. 即使他们相爱，他们还是分手了。 2）I can still remember even though it was so long ago. 尽管是很久以前的事，我还是能够记得。

短语used to 表示“过去常常”，而be used to表示“习惯于”。试比较： 1）There used to be low and dirty houses. 那里曾是些又矮又脏的房舍。 2）I’m used to the noise. 我对这噪音已经习惯了。 这里get rich表示“变富裕”。例如： 1）When I tried to talk to him about it, he just got really angry. 当我想跟他谈论这件事时，他变得很生气。 2）It is getting cold outside. 外面变冷了。

18. On the other hand, China’s one-child policy has meant more money for young people. (Para. 7) 1）Apple is a five-letter word. 苹果是由五个字母拼成的单词。 2）He told me that it was a two-storey house. 他告诉我那是两层楼的房屋。

19. But these single children also have two parents and four grandparents with their gaze on the child’s success, which brings them under great pressure. (Para. 7) with their gaze on the child’s success是独立主格结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 1.He came in with a book in hand. 他手里拿着书走了进来。 2.He lay in bed with his hand out. 他躺在床上，手伸在了外面。

which在该句中是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句的which可用来指代主句所表达的意思。例如： 1）He smokes a lot, which is not good for his health. 他抽烟很多，这对他身体不好。 2）He got up early this morning, which made him dizzy now. 他今天早上一大早就起床了，因此他现在感到昏昏欲睡。

20. As such pressures increase, many youth feel they’ve already failed at a young age. (Para. 8) 1）As the time goes by, she looks more and more beautiful. 随着时光的流逝，她越来越漂亮了。 2）As it was getting darker and darker, we were more and more frightened. 随着天色越来越暗，我们大家都越来越害怕了。 at … age表示“在……年纪”。例如： 1）He looked handsome at his young age. 他年轻时很漂亮。 2）He became famous at his old age. 他年老时出名了。

21. If so, then you know what it’s like to feel stressed. (Para. 9) 1）He didn’t feel stressed any longer. 他不再感到有压力了。 2）She feels stressed as the tests are approaching. 随着考试日期的临近，她感到压力很大。

22. You’ve probably heard people say, “Wow, I’m really stressed out” or “This is making me totally stressed.” (Para. 9) hear可以接动词原形作宾语补语。例如： 1）I heard people complain about the working condition there. 我听说有人抱怨那里的工作条件。 2）He has never heard others talk about her. 他从来没有听到有人谈起她。 make可以接形容词作其宾语补语。例如: 1）This news made me very sad. 这条消息使我很悲伤。 2）He tried to make her happy. 他想方设法让她高兴。

23. …, either to avoid the event that leads to your stress or to change the way you react to the stress. (Para. 10) either to … or to … 是动词不定式作目的状语。例如： 1）She went there either to visit him or to make some money. 她去那儿是为了能看望他，或者是为了能赚点钱。 2）She stayed up late either to read that novel or to wait for her husband. 她熬夜要么为了看小说，要么为了等她丈夫回来。

you react to the stress是way的定语从句，在way和you之间省略了in which。例如： 1）Can you tell me the way you treat him? 你能告诉我你对待他的方法吗？ 2）We want to know the way you solved the problem. 我们想知道你解决那个问题的方法。

Chinese Young People’s Stress Text B Chinese Young People’s Stress

Translation of Text B 中国年轻人的压力 随着社会的发展，越来越多的人饱受压力所带来的痛苦，尤其是年轻人。中国亦如此。从《中国青年报》近期的一项调查表明，66％ 的年轻人认为自己压力非常大，只有不到1％ 的人觉得完全没有压力。同时也表明，随着时间的流逝，这样的问题日益严重。 压力是当你对某事感到忧虑、不舒服时的一种感觉。思想中的这种担忧会使你的身体变得糟糕。经受压力时，你可能会觉得生气、受挫折、恐惧或害怕，这些会引起胃疼或头疼。感觉到有压力的时候，你可能不想睡觉或吃东西，在学校觉得无法集中精神，在家里容易忘却事情。那些拥有一份好工作、幸福婚姻或非常富有的人也会有压力。 如今，年轻人的生活方式对其父母来说只是一种梦想。他们很多人自己有车和房子，但是花钱如流水。然后，一些人就会为此担忧，进而感觉到压力。 所以，分析家说，那些为年轻人带来机遇的因素也会造成各种压力。

我们的社会处于一种急躁的状态，尤其是年轻人。他们频繁更换工作，表现出了内心的不安全感。这种情况源于媒体对那些大富豪的报道，如31岁时就已身价超过十亿的网络游戏发明者陈天桥。 年轻人也会因为落后于其他伙伴而感到害怕，涉及到家庭时这种情况更明显，如一个曾经的同学、现在的邻居变得很富有。 另一方面，中国的计划生育政策意味着年轻人拥有了更多的钱。但这些独生子女的双亲及长辈都殷切盼望着他们成龙成凤，这使他们感到巨大的压力。 随着这样的压力不断增加，很多年轻人都会认为他们年纪轻轻就已经失败了。 如果是这样，你就该知道压力的严重后果了。你可能听别人说过，“唉！我压力太大了”或者“我快受不了了。” 这时，你应该选择一种方式来缓解压力，或是避免造成压力的事情发生，或是改变你对压力所做出的反应。

Exercises Reading Comprehension Multiple-choice 1．答案：C。解析：参照课文第一段第一句。 和四句。 3．答案：A。解析：参照课文第二段第四句和第五段 第二句。 4．答案：D。解析：参照课文第七段第一句。 5．答案：C。解析：参照课文第六段第二句。 6．答案：B。解析：参照课文第十段第一句。

True or False 1.F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F

Vocabulary and Structure 1．答案：B. from。 解析：suffer from是固定词组，表示“遭受”，其他都不能构成 词组。 2．答案：C. behind。 解析：fall behind：落后；fall over：跌倒；fall off：跌落； fall down：倒下。 3．答案：D. going for a walk。 解析：feel like表示“意欲，想要”，后跟名词或动名词。 4． 答案：B. even though。 解析：even though表示“尽管”的意思，其他选项不符合句子 的语义。 5． 答案：B. on the other hand。 解析：on the other hand：另一方面；so that：所以； however：然而；therefore：因此。

6．答案：A. or。 解析：这里or表示“否则”的意思，其他选项不符合句子的 语义。 7．答案：B. what。 解析：连接词what引导了宾语从句。 8．答案：D. of。 解析：dream of是固定短语，表示“梦见，梦想”。其他选项与题 意不符。 9．答案：A. especially。 解析：especially：特别地；recently：近来； already：已经； totally：完全地。 10．答案：C. uncomfortable。 解析：uncomfortable：不舒服的；mutual：相互的； unique：唯一的；impatient：不耐烦的。

Part Three Translation and Writing Practice 1）这部影片有一个乏味的、可预见的结尾。 2）一些客人在晚会结束后留下来收拾整理。 3）由于下雪，今天下午的庆祝活动取消了。 4）暑期课程会给学生带来很大的好处。 5）有了孩子，你的生活会产生戏剧性变化。 6）他被赶走了。

Writing Practice Sample A Trip to Hangzhou Botanical Garden Making a trip to somewhere never fails to become a happy time for me, but the first trip to Hangzhou is the most unforgettable one. Last term, our teacher took us to Hangzhou Botanical Garden. It was winter, so there were not many flowers. Instead there were a lot of trees and bushes. Although there were many varieties, we only know some of them. However, the beautiful view and the fresh air of the garden left us a great impression. Some students took a lot of photos of the garden. On our way back home we chatted with each other happily.

Part Four Grammar Practice 1. change “most” into “most of” 2. change “Either” into “Neither” 3. change “most of people” into “most people 或most of the people” 4. change “No” into “None” 5. change “neither” into “both” 6. change “Neither children” into “Neither child或Neither of the children” 7. change “not chair” into “no chair” 8. change “The most good drivers” into “Most good drivers” 9. change “All of children” into “All of the children” 10. change “neither” into “either”

Part Five Further Development Oral Work Activity 1 Sample Possible causes of stress: —— greater academic demands being on your own in a new environment changes in family relations financial responsibilities changes in your social life exposure to new people, ideas, and temptations awareness of your sexual identity and orientation preparing for life after graduation

◆ Activity 2 Sample Mental Signs of Stress Physical Signs of Stress anxiety difficulty in concentrating depression feelings of hopelessness feelings of nervousness feeling afraid, worried, angry or scared having trouble paying attention at school difficulty in remembering things at home Headache difficulty in sleeping or eating back pain tiredness high blood pressure shortness of breath upset stomach weight gain or loss

Written Work I. Column Matching 1．in a dangerous situation：处于危险的境遇 2．challenge：挑战 3．set a goal：建立目标 4．feel stress-free：感到没有压力 5．dream of：梦见 6．with one’s gaze on：注视，盯着看 7．suffer from：遭受，患 8．make…worse：使……更恶劣 9．in response to：适应，响应 10．job-hopping：跳槽

II. Sentence Completion 1. probably 2. success 3. recent 4. especially 5. development 6. percent 7. fell behind 8. at the age of 9. used to 10. totally III. Cloze 1.答案：about。 解析：talk about表示“谈论”的意思，而talk to意为“对某人说”。 2.答案：for。 解析：此处for表示“对于”的意思，about意为“有关”。

3.答案：too much。 解析：短语too much意为“太多”。 4.答案：because。 解析：这里应当使用表示因果关系的连接词because。 5.答案：to learn。 解析：此处是不定式短语用作主句的表语。 6.答案：that。 解析：not so…that和not so…as都是副词的原级比较，但not so … that后面跟从句，而not so … as只跟名词或动名词。 7.答案：or。 解析：根据上下文，这里应当使用表示选择意义的连接词or。

8.答案：others。 解析：others意为“其他”，而another意为“另一个”。 9.答案：control。 解析：control表示“控制，支配”的意思；treat意为“对待”。 10.答案：avoiding。 解析：介词of后面应当跟名词或动名词。avoid意为“避免”。

IV. Translation 1. Confidence is the key to success. 2. He’d probably think the job didn’t fit him. 3. At the same time we are taking measures to protect wild animals. 4. We want Britain to play a leading part in the development of this area. 5. He didn’t want to tell Michael why he was impatient to get home.