OG P166 Psychology Behaviorism

√ 2.Listen again To give an example of a laryngeal habit To explain the meaning of a term To explain why he is discussing laryngeals habits To remind students of a point he had discussed previously √

Topic: The relationship Details: 1, Throat e.g.①Children 笔记 Topic: The relationship Details: 1, Throat e.g.①Children 学生提问：Deaf people

2.Ideomotor 观念运动 e.g. ②Library ③Magic trick Conclusion: 学生提问：Yes+No

举例的表达方法 One of the bits of evidence that supports this is that:…… I’ll give you one simple example: if you…

Equivalent to相等的 Alternative 可选择的办法 Overt 明显的 Covert 隐蔽的

Electrode 电极 Laryngeal 喉部 Ideomotor 观念运动

听力笔记 1 8要，8不要 2 结构 3 笔记的符号 4 数字

笔记8要，8 不要 不要 1 记下每个单词。 2 记下所有内容。 3 不加选择地记录。 4 像写作文一样记笔记。

笔记8不要 5 被动的听众。 6 漏听了信息就放弃。 7 只见树木不见森林 8 听完后忘了笔记。

笔记8要 1 记下关键词。 2 使用缩写和符号。 3 听的过程中要评价。决定哪些信息重要，不重要。 4 利用纸张空白出组织信息。

笔记8要 5 积极预测讲座内容和结构。 6 对漏听的信息要进行猜测。 7 听报告人的主要观点和总的结构框架。 8 讲座后尽快修改笔记。

宏观结构 Cause and effect 原因和结果 Compare and contrast 比较和对比 Theory and evidence（example) 例证 The steps and the sequences 步骤 （讲义：P48页）

列顺序 ｛ ⒈ ⒉ ⒊ Ⅰ；Ⅱ；Ⅲ A; B ; C

做比较 = Equals =/= Does not equal & And > Is more than < Is less than

表因果 → Leading to ∴ Therefore ∵ Because

表年代 → 1929 Since 1929 ← 1929 1929 and earlier C. Century

表增减 ↑ To increase ↓ To decrease / Per % Percent

表举例 e. g. For example

其它常用符号 ♂ Man; Men ♀ Woman; Women ＄ Dollar ￥ RMB

2 数字 A 基数词 14 40 15 50 18 80

B 序数词 One — First Two — Second Three— Third Five — Fifth

C 分数 1/3 One third 2/3 Two thirds

D 算术 2+3=5 Two plus three is 5 5-3=2 Five minus three is 2 3×2=6 Three times two is 6 9÷3=3 Nine divided by three makes 3

天文 OG P171

4 Listen again

行星 水星 Mercury 金星 Venus 地星 Earth 火星 Mars

木星 Jupiter 土星 Saturn 天王星 Uranus 海王星 Neptune 冥王星 Pluto

天文专业词汇 银河系 Galaxy 恒星 Star 行星 Planet

卫星 Satellite 小行星 Asteroid 彗星 Comet 陨石 Meteorite

星座 Aries 白羊 Taurus 金牛 Gemini 双子 Cancer 巨蟹 Leo 狮子 Virgo 处女 Libra 天秤 Scorpio 天蝎 Sagittarius 射手 Capricorn 摩羯 Aquarius 水瓶 Pisces 双鱼

例文：LONGMAN 427 Products phases for Kleenex A wartime product A substitute for facecloths A substitute for handkerchief

12 why are the students meeting? They are reviewing class lecture notes. They are preparing for a presentation They are working on a paper They are preparing for an exam √

13Listen again he thinks the marketing of the products is not as important as the history He is afraid the other students do not know what course they are taking He is concerned that the presentation does not have the correct focus He would like to remind the others that they are taking two different coursed √

√ √ √ 14 facecloths bandages handkerchiefs Before 1920 In the 1920s

15 what was the situation at Kleenex at the end of World War 1双选 √ It had a surplus of its products It needed to develop a new products It no longer needed to market its product. It needed to begin marketing its product √

√ From customer letters From research scientists 16 How did Kimberly –Clark learn that its products had a use as a handkerchief √ From customer letters From research scientists From marketing experts From famous actresses

√ √ √ 17 facecloth bandage hankerchiefs Consumer testing No marketing Famous actresses √ √ √

该篇思路（ Kleenex) 纵向介绍: 3 个阶段: 解释每一个阶段的 marketing 特征

笔记 A wartime product Topic : Kleenex 三个阶段的产品: A Substitute for facecloths A Substitute for handkerchiefs Details：

B. Cotton was in short supply C. no need to market 1.Bandage (gas mask) A. World War One B. Cotton was in short supply C. no need to market D. because very high demand

2. Face Cloth A. after the World War One B. had a surplus C. had to market D. 1920 glamorous

3. Handkerchief A. There was another use B. more useful---handkerchief C. in 1930---conduct consumer testing 总结

Surplus 剩余, 过剩 Glamorous 有魅力的 Celebrity 名人

“美丽”英文表达 Attractive; Charming Handsome; Glamorous Good-looking; Beautiful Pretty; Elegant; Graceful Unique

三段论笔记模板 长对话 (Long Conversation) 1, 找到问题( Problem) 2, 分析问题 3, 解决问题 (Solution)

Lecture Topic : 主旨 2. 分项讨论: A) 横向对比: A ，B, C不同元素比较。例如：A 湖泊 VS B 湖泊 VS C 湖泊 B) 纵向比较:A 阶段 + B 阶段+ C 阶段

lecture 第二部分有 Detail 1: e.g. ① e.g. ② Detail 2:

3 Lecture结尾: A) 总结主题特征 B) 下一节要讲什么 C) 留作业

笔记练习 Long conversation

1. Why does the student go to see this office worker? To ask for a letter of reference To turn in an application for a scholarship To ask for an application for university admission To find out how to apply for a particular program √

2. Does the office worker emphasize each of these? YES NO The date the completed application is due The need to answer all questions The length of the essays The information to included in the reference letters √ √ √ √

3. Why does the student ask about the question on high school ranking? √ It is an example of a question he finds difficult to answer. It seems like a question that would take too much time to answer. He thinks that his high school ranking might be too low. He thinks the question should be answered by someone else.

4. What does the advisor say about the essays? The student needs to answer the two essay questions on page four. The student needs to answer two of the four essay questions on page seven. The student need to answer the all four essay questions on page seven. The student needs to answer the four essay questions on page two. √

5. What does the advisor say about the letters of reference?双选 The student needs two of them. The student needs three of them. Two must be written by professors. Only one can be written by a professor. √ √

Assistantship 助研金 Scholarship 奖学金 Pertain to me 适合我 Fellowship 研究奖学金 申请场景 Scholarship 奖学金 Pertain to me 适合我 Fellowship 研究奖学金 Assistantship 助研金

Graduation Commencement 毕业典礼 Diploma 毕业文凭 Admission 录取 Admissions office 招生办公室

3.Letter of recommendation 申请场景 1.GPA 2.Personal Statement 3.Letter of recommendation

申请场景 4. Toefl 和GRE 成绩 5. Papers(background introduction; awards; ranking; contact with Professor)

Lecture 演示 2 Chemistry Carbon

6.What is unusual about carbon? √ The number of compounds it forms. The size of the compounds it forms. The simplicity of all the compounds it forms. The hardness of all the compounds it forms.

7. What is the structure of each sentence? Soap Graphite Diamond Octane Has rings of 6 carbon atoms each Has a chain of 8 carbon atoms Has a chain of 15-17 atoms Has a complex pattern of carbon atoms √ √ √ √

8. Which two molecules do NOT contain only carbon atoms? A graphite molecule An octane molecule A soap molecule A diamond molecule √ √

9. What is NOT true about the uses of molecules containing carbon? One carbon compound can be used to make soap. Graphite can be used in pencils. Octane is the only one type of gasoline molecule. Diamond can be used to cut other substances. √

10. Why does the man say this: To demonstrate to the woman that what he said was wrong To explain to the others in the group that he needs to leave To let the others know that he had a good reason for what he said To indicate that he had previously said something incorrect √

11. What overcall conclusion can be drawn from the discussion? √ Carbon atoms can be part of many extremely different molecules. Carbon can form molecules only with other carbon atoms. Carbon must have other substances with it to form molecules. Carbon atoms attach easily to all other kinds of atoms.

专业词汇 Carbon 碳 Compound 化合物 Graphite 石墨 Gasoline 汽油 Octane 辛烷 Diamond 钻石

专业词汇 Molecule 分子 Atom 原子 Particle 粒子 Proton 质子

专业词汇 Neutron 中子 Electron 电子 Photon 光子 Ion 离子

Lecture 练习3 Zoology Animal Hearing

6. How is the information in the lecture organized? Various types of auricles are outlined. Smaller to larger animals are described. Various types of hearing organs are evaluated for their effectiveness. Examples of various hearing mechanisms are provided. √

7. What type of hearing organ does each animal have? Disks behind eyes Membranes on legs Auditory canals Cricket Frog Bird √ √ √

8. What do the disks on frogs do? √ They vibrate when struck by sound waves. They lead to the inner ear. They reflect sound waves off objects. They allow heat to escape the body.

9. What is true about mammals? They have membranes on their auditory canals. They use echolocation. They generally have auricles. They hear better than birds. √

10. Why does the professor say this: To indicate that the lecture is coming to an end To announce that a slightly different topic will follow To summarize previously stated information To reinforce a particularly important point. √

11. What is true about echolocation?双选 √ It involves making sounds and then waiting to hear echoes. It can be used to detect objects in the way. It cannot be used to determine how distant objects are. It is only used by land animals. √

专业词汇 Reptile 爬行动物 Amphibian 两栖动物 Insect 昆虫 Social insect 群居昆虫

Frog and Toad

专业词汇 Solitary insects 独居昆虫 Cricket 蟋蟀 Eardrum 耳膜 Membrane 膜

Tuatara 大蜥蜴solitary reptile

专业词汇 Auricle 外耳 Vibrate 振动 Auditory Canal 听觉槽 Echolocation 回声定位