Inventors and inventions Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Why are they famous? Issac Newton discovered gravity

Why are they famous? Ben Franklin discovered Lightning is electricity

Why are they famous? Madame Curie discovered radium

Why are they famous? Thomas Edison invented Discovered? the electric bulb

Why are they famous? Zhang Heng invented seismograph

The stages of proving a new idea in scientific research: (U1 M5) Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence 1.Find a problem 2.Make a question 3.Think of a method 4.Collect results 5.Analyse results 6.Find supporting evidence 7.Draw a conclusion How to have your invention approved?

1. “Invent” is ___________. Have a think 1. “Invent” is ___________. “Invent” is to create sth. that did not exist before ,such as the computer. 2. “Discover” is __________. “Discover” is merely to make known something that already exist in nature, such as the discovery of the New Continent by Columbia. discovery & invention discoverer inventor

The stages of having your invention approved: Finding a problem Doing research Thinking of a creative solution Testing the solution Deciding on the invention Applying for a patent (on the invention)

Reading The problem of the snakes

Fast reading 1. Finding a problem 2. Doing research Para. ______ 3. Thinking of a creative solution 4. Testing the solution & deciding on the invention 5. Applying for a patent Para. ______

Careful reading Proud? Helpful products? →To trap them , not kill. How many ways did the writer think of to catch the snakes? Which did she use in the end?

C Why did cooling the snakes make them less active? ( ) A. Because snakes are warm-blooded animals. B. Because snakes like high temperature. C. Because snakes are cold-blooded animals and their body temperature depends on the heat around them. C they usually hibernate(冬眠) in winter.

How many times did she try before she succeeded catching the snakes? What experience did the writer get from each of her failed attempts? What experience did the writer get from each of her failed attempts? The first attempt: Two hours was too short to make the snakes sleepy. She needed to spend more time cooling the snakes. The second attempt: Once the snakes were picked up, they were woken and tried to bite her.

× × √ × T or F A inventor can easily get the patent on the invention. If you have a scientific theory or mathematical model, you can get a patent. The stages to apply for a patent is that fill in the form for your invention, file your patent application with the patent office and wait for the patent examine. If your inventions passes the test, your application for a patent will be published 17 months from the date you apple. × truly novel × √ ×

After-reading C 1.The purpose of the text is __________. A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them B. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer’s new idea C. to introduce the writer’s new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent D. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent

2.Which statement is the TRUE according to the text? A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn’t bite the write at all. B. your product must be different from everybody else’s if you want to receive a patent. C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes. D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.

3.According to the text, which subject do you think can be given a patent? A.A new star discovered by a scientist. B.A new novel written by Yao Ming. C.A new way to make dirty water clean. D.A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine.

√ × × Consolidation : Task 1 : T or F (1). In this passage, the writer want to encourage the readers to consider carefully the problems in daily life and to be creative and hardworking as well as thinking indigently. (2). The writer were successful to catch the snakes in the second attempt. (3). A inventor can easily get the patent for the invention. √ × ×

× × × (4). If you have a scientific theory or mathematical model, you can get a patent(专利). (5). The stages to apply for a patent is that fill in the form for your invention, file your patent application with the patent office and wait for the patent examine. (6). If your inventions passes the test, your application for a patent will be published 17 months from the date you apple. √ √ √ × ×

Skim the whole passage and get the main idea. The text introduces the problem of _______________ and presents the procedures of ________________and applying for __________. the snakes catching them a patent

Task -2 ： Find out which paragraph or paragraphs deal with each inventing process in the passage and find the examples: paragraph Stages Examples in this story Find a problem The snake must be ________but not______ Do research Look for ________ of removal; the ______ of snakes Think of a creative solution Identify _______ possible approaches: choose______. 1 removed harmed methods 2 habits three 3 one

Test the solution several times Try_____ times to make it work____________ Apply for a patent This means the solution is ___________ three 4,5,6 efficiently 7 recognized

Scanning reading True or false: The writer was very happy to help her mother to solve the problem of the snakes. The writer wanted to kill the snakes. 3. The writer was successful in the third attempt. 4. An inventor can easily get the patent for the invention.

P23 KEY 2) 1. the most convenient 2.valid 3. caution 4. passive 5. call him up 6. now and then 7. abruptly 8. distinguish 3) criteria, abruptly, file, valid, perfume, seize, set about, product

Language points for reading I

1.打电话 2.有时,偶尔 3.摆脱,赶走 4.使自己扬名,显摆自己 5.着手,开始 6.选择--- 7.小心翼翼地 8.捡起 ,拿起 9.根据 10.被某人督促 11.而且 12.填表 13.向某人提交-- 14.---的问题 call up now and then get rid of distinguish oneself set about doing decide on with great caution pick up according to be pressed by in addition fill in the form file sth with sb a matter of --

1. When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone, she was very upset. call up 打电话，使…回忆起 今晚我会给你打电话。__________________________ I’ll call you up tonight. 老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。 _____________________________ The old photo calls up memories of my childhood.

call back call for call in call on call at call sth off 召唤某人回来；回电话 需要，接（人或物） 邀请；请来（专业人员） 拜访（人） 拜访（某地） 取消 Ex. ----Can I do the job? ----I’m afraid not, because it ______skill and patience. calls on B. calls out C. calls up D. calls for D

ring sb up ring off ring back hang up hang on make a telephone to sb end a telephone to telephone someone for a second time: Wait for a short time

2. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them. (1)distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名 这个人因智慧而扬名。 The man________________________________. distinguish himself by his wisdom

2. distinguish vt. & vi. = to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another: （常与from, between连用）区别；区分 ①A person with good eyesight can ~ distant objects. ②He's colour-blind and can't distinguish (the difference) between red and green easily. ③I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing American English from Br E. ④What ~es the hare from the rabbit?

distinguish …from … ~ between A and B be distinguished for 辨别，把…和…区别开 因…而著称 distinguished adj. 著名的，出名的

3. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way. set about =set out: to begin or start 着手；开始 他一到那儿就着手解决问题。 He __________________________ as soon as he arrived there. = He ________________________ as soon as he arrived there. set about solving the problem set out to solve the problem

set out的另一个意思为“动身”， “出发”，后面常跟介词for 他们以出发到上海去了。 _____________________________________. They have set out (= set off ) for Shanghai 出发，起程 开始做某事 出发，动身；引爆 留出，对…不予考虑 记下，写下 建立 set out set out to do sth. set off set aside set down set up

4. convenient adj. sth is convenient for\to sb／sth.　对某人／某物便利／方便的 It is convenient for sb to do sth. Will 3’oclock be convenient for you ? 三点对你方便吗？ Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 明天开始工作对你方便吗？ convenience n. at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 Please do this job at your convenience

5. expectation in of The children waited patiently __ expectation __ the magician. There is a general expectation _____ Alabama will win the election. The new design failed to _____ the customer’s expectations. We entered Wenzhou Middle School _____ great expectations. The boy, who was admitted to Harvard University, lived up to his parents’ expectations. in expectation of = expect that meet with

6. File =to store information in a careful and particular way: 存档 ~sth We file these reports (= put them in a file). =to submit 提交 ~sth with sb She ~d an application with several companies. =to apply向---申请 ~ for ~ for divorce

7. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.

only 修饰状语，置于句首，主句的语序需要倒装。 Only by working hard can we pass the exams. 某些否定词置于句首，表示强调时也引起倒装。 如：never, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, not, only, little Never have I seen such an exciting film. Little did I know what was about to happen. Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study.

8. …, which freezes hard when cooled. …,（果冻）被冷却后会变硬。 when cooled 为when it is cooled 的省略结构 when/while /once/unless/ if 等连词所引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句主语相一致，且从句中含有系动词be 时，从句中的主语和系动词be可省略，形成“连词+分词” 结构。

(1)_________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. Compare B. when comparing C. comparing D. When compared (2) _____more time, we are sure to finish it. A. Given B. Giving C. Be given D. If giving D A

,but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches: …, which freezes when cooled. But once picked up, they tried to bite me. The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish. Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea.

Grammar -----Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement

Explanation： 过去分词做定语： 表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词做定语一般防在被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语做定语放在被修饰的名词之后，过去分词及过去分词短语做定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。

破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。 ______________________will be replaced soon. = The window which was broken will be replaced soon. The broken window 昨天买的书确实不错。 The books _______________are of high quality. = the books which were bought yesterday are of high quality. bought yesterday

过去分词作表语：过去分词做表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。 我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。 ______________________________________. 当他听到他在比赛中赢得第一名时很兴奋。 He became _____________ when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong excited

过去分词作宾语补足语：做宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有： see, hear, watch, feel, think, find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 我们发现她变了很多。 ___________________________________. We found her greatly changed

2.make, get, have ,help, leave等表示“致使”意义的动词。 什么使他们这样害怕？ _________________________________. 3.like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望，要求” 等意义的动词。 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。 He won’t like such questions________________________. What made them so frightened? (to be)discussed at the meeting

高考链接： Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to _____ before the party. (NMET2004) get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 2.The disc digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004 上海） recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded A A

3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. (2004 浙江) knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known B 4.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough. （2005 天津） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained D

in case （以防）万一 1)可以在句中独立作状语。如: There used to be floods in the past. The wall was built  along the river in case.  2)用作连词,引导两种从句。 ① in case用作连词,作“以备、以防”解, 后接一个表示目的的状语从句,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时或 should+动词原形。如:  Take your raincoat just in case it rains / should rain. 带着雨衣,以防下雨。 ②in case用作连词时,还可引导让步状语从句,尤其是在美国英语中, 作"假使,万一……"解,相当于if。如: In case they're late, we can always sit in the bar.  要是他们来晚了,我们总是可以在酒吧里坐一坐。

in this \that case= if this \that happens Come late again and you’ll be fired. In that case ,you will be helpless. in case of --- In case of fire ,ring the alarm bell. in any case 无论如何 In any case you must return the book to the library on time. in no case 决不 In no case are you to leave here.

Bear: to accept, tolerate or endure especially something unpleasant: 1. It's your decision - you must bear the responsibility if things go wrong. 2. He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain. 3. I can't bear being bored. I can’t stand Tom because he’s so naughty. He can’t stand the pain. She can’t stand being made fun of .

1. MESS Something or someone that looks dirty or untidy: a situation that is full of problems: He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking. Her house is always in a mess. She said that her life was a mess. After the divorce he was a real mess and drinking too much. 2. make a mess of sth (=mess sth up) to do something badly or spoil something: I've made a real mess of my exams.

2. now and then 时而；不时= sometimes, but not often 我偶尔看见他，但不常见。 _______________________________ 我有时喜欢去看歌剧。 _____________________________ I see him now and then, but not often. I like to go to the opera now and then. 相关短语： 有时；不时 时而；不时 从现在开始，今后 刚才 从那时以来 from time to time (every) now and again from now on just now since then

discoveries are embodied in nature while inventions are embodied in artefacts.

3. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Discuss in pairs , and then put the following stages into a suitable order. 1.Applying for a patent 2.Finding a problem 3.Doing research 4.Testing the solution 5.Thinking of a creative solution 6.Deciding on the invention