高三英语阅读理解专题指导与训练—— 词义猜测技巧 课件 （符兰英）2016.2.25

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 一 英语高考全国统一大纲解读 ----阅读理解 FuLanying 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 　　(1) 理解主旨要义； 　　(2) 理解文中具体信息； 　　(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； 　　(4) 做出判断和推理； 　　(5) 理解文章的基本结构； 　　(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 （事实细节） （词义猜测） （推理判断） 概括归纳

What trouble do you have doing Reading Comprehension ?

二 阅读理解词语猜测方法与技巧

词义猜测——对词义的猜测及理解 词义猜测类题的常见提问形式： 1. The underlined word …means _____. 2. The underlined phrase / sentence in … paragraph refers to _____. 3. The underlined word …can be replaced by _____. 4. What does the author mean when he says, “…” ? 5. Which of following best explains the meaning of the word “…”?

Warming up 1. To boycott a store means to refuse to shop in the store. 2. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ______ _________ 抵制 有害的 ______ 思路——“上下文，断含义” 根据上下文所设情景和语境或其他关键性词语的暗示，从已知推得未知。

阅读理解猜词方法有哪些呢？ clue words , phrases, sentences infer from the context…….

___ ______ 根据文中说明，“diner” 不是小餐馆，而是流动小餐车。 方法一： 根据上下文的说明 Rush-to-answer question（抢答题） 1. A man named Walter Scott had the first “diner” in 1872. It wasn’t really a diner. It was only a food cart. ___ ______ 根据文中说明，“diner” 不是小餐馆，而是流动小餐车。

______ 一种后沿较宽可护颈的防水帽 ————— 西南风 方法二：根据上下文提供的情景 语境中没有定义，又没有解释，但有一种情景，暗示某词所指的性能和特征。比较下面两个句子： In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing souwesters, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through. 2. An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a souwester usually bring rain. ______ ————— 西南风

——— 牧师 方法三：根据释义 （definition clue） 以表语形式出现 1.A priest is a person who marry people. 牧师 [priːst] ———

2. 用逗号、破折号、括号等标点符号引出; The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourist Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. 　　 The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the passage refer to ？ A. cars in the making  B. car rental firms C. cars for rent  D. car makers C

3. 用or, means, refer to, that is, that is to say ,in other words, namely, such as, like, in another word等词引出。 [prə(ʊ)'kræstɪneɪt] To procrastinate means to put off doing something you should do now. 拖延

——————————— ——————— 方法四：根据从句判断 例：1.The king was fooled by the tailors, 根据定语从句或同位语从句判断 裁缝 例：1.The king was fooled by the tailors, the men who made clothes for him. ——————————— 2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns 600 yuan a month. ——————— 牧羊人

方法五：根据文中的列举 在词组such as, for example, for instance ,take … for example等之后举例说明前面原,先不太理解的名词或作进一步说明。例如： Today, many people eat in noshery， such as Mc Donald’s and KFC. 快餐店 ——

—— 方法六：运用同义词关系 (Synonym clue) 房屋 The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. This little dwelling, however, looked neglected and cheerless ——

掌握表示转折的词—but , however, yet ,though, otherwise, nevertheless, on the other hand, while, unlike, still, other than, rather than, instead of等 方法七：运用反义和对比关系 (对比或类比关系) 不识字的，文盲的 [ɪ'lɪt(ə)rət] ___ 1.Most women in Ghana——the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old——work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. ___ ______ ___ __

方法八：根据构词法知识 Both the developed and the underdeveloped should try their best to popularize education. modern---modernize civil--civilize industrial--industrialize 普及 popular

bodyguard overeat mineral water 暴饮暴食 矿泉水 film-goer shewolf 爱看电影的人 母狼 disadvise nonnatural 非自然的 劝阻 childish Chinese watermelon 幼稚的 冬瓜 bodyguard disorganize 解散 保镖

His injury is permanent . So he could never play football again. 方法九：根据因果关系 永久的, 持久的 His injury is permanent . So he could never play football again. 注意连词——because, since, as , so …that ..such…that ____

People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 方法指导十：根据生活常识 遵守 People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. ______________________

方法十一：根据音译法 雷达 Our army has developed an advanced radar which can detect any kind of enemy planes flying over our country.

Summary小结 7. 运用反义和对比关系 1.根据上下文的说明 2. 根据上下文提供的情景 8. 根据构词法知识 3. 根据释义 9. 根据因果关系 10. 根据生活常识 11. 根据音译法 1.根据上下文的说明 2. 根据上下文提供的情景 3. 根据释义 4. 根据从句判断 5. 根据文中的列举 6. 运用同义词关系 Summary小结

小试牛刀：你用了哪一种猜词法？ 眼镜 上下文 吸血鬼 上下文 1.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 2.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 眼镜 上下文 吸血鬼 上下文

3. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft（手艺）no longer exists. （2004浙江D） 大批量生产；规模生产 构词法-合成词

4.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous 本能 “坚韧不拔" “坚韧不拔" 常识

5. 14,000 sanitation workers carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow. "环卫工人" 上下文 6.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago. “考古学家” 上下文

7.The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years. 想家的 因果法 8. To get along with your roommates, do your share of chores, for example, cooking, cleaning, doing laundry, and taking out the garbage. 家务劳动 举例法

9.The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity. 万用表 （定语从句法）

10.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 家用电器 列举法

11. It was a cold night in Washington, D. C 11.It was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a man approached me. He asked if I would give him some money so he could get something to eat. I’d read the signs：“Don’t give money to beggars as most of them are swindlers.” So I shook my head and kept walking. 　The underlined word “swindlers” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____. A. policemen　　B. writers C. cheaters　　 D. beggars C 因果关系

三. 课堂演练 Passage 1 The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away. Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. Many ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands. The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods. （选修9，Unit 4-1） 1. The underlined word “exotic” means “__________”. A 远古的 B 外来的 C 早期的 D 本地的 B

Passage 2 The CRF’s produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series - with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors - also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others. 2. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who           are particular about chocolate know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others D. like to try new flavors A

Passage 3 I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. （爱疯英语P11-7）    3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish” the word “relish” in Paragraph 2? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D carry on B

四. 高考题之初体验 One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.  We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,  “My I get you something ?”  “A coffee would be nice. ”  Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”  “Who?” “The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”  I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!  My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. (2010重庆)

B A C D 56. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean? A. unfriendly. B. untidy. C. gentle. D. kind.  57. The author bought coffee for the old man because  A. he thought the old man was poor  B. he wanted to start a conversation  C. he intended to show his politeness  D. he would like to thank the old man  58. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?  A. Proud. B. Pitiful. C. Surprised. D. Regretful  59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?  A. We should learn to be generous.  B. It is honorable to help those in need.  C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.  D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.  B A C D

【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我”在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人，并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡，事后得知他是最富有的Mr 【语篇解读】本文讲述了“我”在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人，并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡，事后得知他是最富有的Mr. Galbreath，旨在告诉我们不要以貌取人。。  56. 答案：B  猜测词义题。由上文中的I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man何下文中的He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. 可知disheveled在这儿是指仪容不整，穿着邋遢的意思。所以答案：选B项。  57. 答案：A  细节理解题。根据文中I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. 可以判断选A项。  58. 答案：C  推理判断题。根据I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men!可知，作者在他朋友告诉他那个老人是Mr. Galbreath之后感到很吃惊。由此判断选C项。  59. 答案：D  主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。 

五. Homework (爱疯英语 P10-1，2，P11-4，5，6，7) Thank you all !