Phrases in Unit 20 Win independence from In the struggle of Govern oneself On one’s return to Have the chance to Have the right to

7.throw off 8. Play a role in 9. At all times 10. Put …in prison 11. Give in 12. With the purpose of

13. Racial discrimination 14. Be honoured as 15. Demand an end to 16. Have a gift for 17. Think up 18. Make a point

Unit 20 Gandhi 1. On his return to India he had the chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case. on his return中的介词on表示时间，意思是“在……的时候”(at the time of)或“一……就”(directly after)，强调两个动作先后随即发生。

我一到机场就听到了这条消息。 I heard the news on my arrival at the airport. 他一到达那个城市，就给杰克逊先生打电话。 On reaching the city he called up Mr Jackson.

work on作“从事(某项工作)”解，后跟名词或-ing形式 我们正在制定一个新的旅行计划。 We are working on a new plan for travel. 科学家们仍然在研究新的防治污染的办法。 The scientists are still working on new methods of fighting pollution.

2. South Africa passed further laws designed to make life difficult for nonwhites. design通常作“设计”解，既可作动词，也可作名词。但本句中的design有intend的意思，作“目的是”、“打算给……用”解，常用于被动结构。

The experiment is designed to test the new drug. 这项实验目的在于对这种新药进行检验。 The experiment is designed to test the new drug. 这是一本供学医的学生用的英语书。 This is an English book designed for medical students.

3. He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points. think up作“想出(主意)”(think of an idea)

囚犯企图想出一个越狱计划。 The prisoners tried to think up a plan for escape. The boss didn't think up any new ways to improve the working conditions. 老板没有想出任何新的办法来改善工作条件。

4. Thousands joined him when he led a march to the coast, with the purpose of“making a little salt”when he reached the sea. with the purpose of作“怀着……的目的”解，在句中作表示目的的状语

他们到这里来，目的就是为了闹事。 They came here with the purpose of making trouble. for the purpose of短语，表示“为着……目的” We designed the new machine for the purpose of increasing production. 我们设计这台新机器，目的是为了提高产量。

5. Finally, he demanded an end to the British rule over India and independence for his country. “demand” “表示坚决要求”，后面跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should 可省略

The teacher demanded that John (should) go there at once.

Demand sth.from / of sb. Demand of sb. To do sth. Demand to do sth. 他要求我帮忙 He demands help of me. 他要求我关上门 He demanded of me to shut the gate. 他要求看我的照片 He demands to see my picture.

“demand an end to sth.” 要求结束…… Water is in great demand. 水的需要量很大

19. Go to prison 20. More than 21. Lie in 22. Feel free to do sth. 23. Be prepared to 24. Pause in

25. Reach out for 26. Divide …into… 27. Take up arms 28. Praise sb. As follows 29. Start the ball rolling 30. Call sb. names

Lesson 78 1．Gandhi was much more than a clever lawyer, a fine speaker, a determined fighter for human rights and d political leader. 甘地远不只是一个聪明的律师、优秀的演说家、坚定的人权战士和政治领袖。 more than作“极其”、“深为”、“岂只”、“不只是”解，常跟名词、动词等一起连用(如本句的 was more than作“岂只是”解)

They were more than glad to help. This more than satisfied me. Both of them are much more than schoolmates. They are close friends

2．The secret lies in the title of the book which he wrote about his early life, “The story of my experiments with truth”. 他写过一本有关他早年生活的书，书的标题是《我体验真理的故事》。奥秘就体现在这个标题中。 lie作“在于”解，常跟介词 in搭配。

That's where the real danger lies. 那就是真正的危险所在。 I think the trouble lies in the keyboard. The solution lies in social and political reform.

3．All his life he reached out for the truths of spirits and gods. 在他的一生中，他总是设法获得神灵的真谛。 短语动词reach out for作“设法抓住”、“设法获得”解，其中的reach out有“伸出手去”的意思。

He reached out for a book from the top of the shelf. There are chances everywhere, but you must reach out for them. Reach out for the rope, or you'll fall down.

3．Gandhi believed that one should be able to“love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself. ” 甘地认为，人们都应该能够“像爱自己一样爱世上最平凡的人”。 being作“生物”解时，是可数名词，可以有单、复数，如：a human being/ human beings，指人／人类(区别于神或兽等)。

Men, women, and children are human beings All birds and animals are living beings.

On earth 在世界上，在人世间。注意在earth前不用冠词 She was the most beautiful woman on earth. There is no difficulty on earth which can't be overcome.

6．At the time of his death, one person him as follows：“Future generations, it may be, will hardly believe that such a person as this walked upon this earth.” 在他逝世的时候，有一个人对甘地作过如下的赞誊：“后代人也许难以相信，在这个人世间，曾经有过这样一个人走过。”

as follows是一个固定词组，作“如下”解，用以引出下文。 Their suggestions are as follows… 他们的建议如下： He received a note which read as follows. 他收到一张便条，内容如下。

hardly adv. 几乎没有，简直不。具有否定的含意，常与any连用。它的位置常在be动词和助动词之后，在其它动词之前。 There is hardly any wine in the bottle. Miss Field hardly spoke a word the whole morning.

注意hard与hardly的区别：hard也可以作副词，但意思同hardly大有区别。 hard 作副词时，意思是“努力地”、“使劲地”。此外，hard还可以作形容词，意思是“坚硬的”、“艰难的”、“艰苦的”。因此，hard与hardly决不可以混淆。

The ice is as hard as rock. Gandhi tried hard to struggle against racial discrimination.

such… as像……这样的，诸如……这类的。 Such men as these are dangerous. He wished to be such a leader as Gandhi. Such a picture as this should be kept in a museum.