Understanding Chinese Culture (2) Unit 1

Chinese Culture Language in Use Culture Tips Homework

Language in Use Grammar Development Vocabulary Building

Present participles used as adverbials Grammar Development Present participles used as adverbials 一、现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况） 现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系，就是说现在分词的动作发 出者是主句的主语。例如： ① Hearing the news, they got excited. ＝ When they heard the news, they got 现在分词 逻辑主语 excited. 从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they，且主句的主语与 现在分词形成主谓关系。 ② Getting home, she felt very tired. ＝ When she got home, she felt very tired. 　 现在分词 逻辑主语 主句的主语she与现在分词getting 形成主谓关系。 ③ Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. ＝ When I was crossing the road, I 现在分词 逻辑主语 saw a girl crying. 主句的主语I与现在分词crossing 形成主谓关系。

Grammar Development 应有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。例如： 如果现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词 应有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。例如： Mr. Smith being absent, the meeting had to be put off. 该例句中，主句的主语是the meeting，而现在分词的逻辑主语 是Mr. Smith。 二、 现在分词作状语与谓语动词的时间关系 现在分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时，现在 分词用一般式。例如： The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. 现在分词表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作时，现在分词用 完成式。例如： Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football.

Grammar Development 现在分词作状语时与主语之间不能用并列连词and、 but、or等连 接，因为并列连词连接的是两个并列的成分，而分词短语只是全句 的一个状语成分。现在分词短语与主语之间用逗号隔开即可。 误：Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 正：Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.

Word Pairs Vocabulary Building Word pairs, also known as binomials, refer to a pair or group of words that are used together as an idiomatic expression or collocation, usually joined by the words and or or, and the order of the elements cannot be changed. The expression take it or leave it is an example of binomial pair. A binomial pair has a single, distinctive meaning.

Vocabulary Building For example, now and then means from time to time, occasionally. e.g. Now and then we go off to the country. this and that means various things, activities, etc. e.g. “What did you talk about?” “Oh, this and that.” all or nothing means marked either by entire/complete operation/effect or by none at all. e.g. It’s all or nothing—if we don’t score now we’ve lost the match.

surely, peace, dos, buts, safe, tired Vocabulary Building Exercise: Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 1. Just do what I tell you. I don't want any ifs or . 2. Slowly but , we're getting the house into a habitable state. 3. I'm sick and of all this arguing! 4. There's been an accident, but your daughter is and sound. 5. We go to the park when we need some and quiet. 6. When you go abroad, you need to learn the and don'ts of the countries you visit. surely, peace, dos, buts, safe, tired BACK

Culture Tips DOS & DON’TS at the New Year

Culture Tips Should or should not we do the following things at the New Year? On the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve, every door in the house, and even windows, have to be open to allow the old year to go out. Clean the house on the New Year's Day. Lend money to someone on the day. Tell ghost stories. Children and unmarried friends, as well as close relatives are given lai see, little red envelopes with crisp one-dollar bills inserted, for good fortune. After New Year's Day, the floors may be swept. All dirt and rubbish must be taken out the back door.

Culture Tips 7. Decorate the living rooms with a candy tray with eight varieties of dried sweet fruit. 8. Greet anyone in their bedroom on the New Year’s day. 9. Use knives or scissor on the day. 10. Wash your hair on the day. 11. The sons-in-laws pay respect to their parents-in-law on the third and fourth days during the New Year. 12. On the sixth to the 10th day, we visit their relatives and friends freely. BACK

Homework Many Chinese believe that nowadays the Spring Festival is not so important or interesting as before. Do you think so? Write down your argument and supporting points. In next class we’ll hold a debate on this topic.