颅底影像解剖
第一部分：基本解剖
第二部分：细节解剖 共12层：每层均有为数不等的解剖标记，每个解剖标记为一幅图像，请注意识别。
第一层： Mandible, coronoid process 下颌骨冠状突
Mandible, neck 下颌颈
Mastoid process 乳突
Occipital condyle 枕骨髁
Pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂
Pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
Pterygoid plates 翼板
Pterygoid process 翼突
Styloid process 茎突
第二层： Mandible, condyle 下颌骨髁状突
Mastoid process 乳突
Occipital condyle 枕骨髁
Pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂
Pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
Pterygoid plates 翼板
Styloid process 翼突
第三层： Mastoid process 乳突
Occipital bone (condylar and basilar parts): 枕骨（髁和基底部）
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
pterygoid plates 翼板
pterygoid process 翼突
Sphenoid spine, left 左侧蝶骨嵴
styloid process 茎突
zygomatic bone 颧骨
第四层： Articular tubercle (at anterior root of zygomatic arch): 关节结节（颧弓的前根）
Basiocciput (posterior clivus) : 枕骨基底部（后斜坡）
hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
pterygoid plates 翼板
pterygoid process 翼突
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
occipital bone (squamous part) : 枕骨（鳞部)
pterygomaxillary fissure 翼上颌裂
Sphenoid, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
Sphenoid spine 蝶骨嵴
sphenopalatine foramen 腭大孔(蝶腭孔)
Styloid process, base 茎突基底部
zygomatic arch 颧弓
Zygomaticofacial foramen / canal 颧面孔/管
第五层： foramen ovale 卵圆孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管
inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂
Occipital bone (squamous portion) 枕骨（鳞部）
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
Sphenoid, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
Sphenoid spine (right) 蝶骨嵴（右侧）
sphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔(腭大孔)
sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
Temporal bone, tympanic and petrous portions 颞骨鼓室部和岩部
tympanomastoid fissure 鼓乳裂
第六层： Carotid canal, external opening 颈动脉管外口
Clivus (occipital part) 斜坡（枕部）
foramen ovale 卵圆孔
foramen lacerum 破裂孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管
inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂
jugular foramen 颈静脉孔
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
petrooccipital fissure 岩枕裂
petrosphenoidal fissure 蝶岩裂
pterygoid canal 翼管
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
sphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔（腭大孔,）
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部
Temporal bone, squamous part 颞骨鳞部
Temporal bone, tympanic part 颞骨鼓室部
tympanomastoid fissure 鼓乳裂
第七层： carotid canal 颈动脉管
clivus 斜坡
foramen lacerum 破裂孔
foramen ovale 卵圆孔
foramen spinosum 棘孔
inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂
jugular foramen becoming sigmoid sinus 颈静脉孔变为乙状窦
Jugular tubercle of occipital bone (roof of hypoglossal canal) 枕骨颈静脉结节（舌下神经管根部
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture枕乳突缝
Petroocipital fissure 岩枕裂
petrosphenoidal fissure 蝶岩裂
pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
sphenosquamous suture 蝶鳞缝
tympanosquamous fissure 鼓鳞裂（岩鼓裂）
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部
Temporal bone, tympanic part 颞骨鼓室部
Temporal bone, squamous part 颞骨鳞部
第八层： Carotid canal 颈动脉管
Foramen rotundum 圆孔
Jugular tubercle of occipital bone 枕骨颈静脉结节
Mandibular fossa, roof 下颌窝顶
Middle ear 中耳
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
petrooccipital fissure 岩枕裂
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
sphenozygomatic suture 蝶颧缝
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部
Temporal bone, squamous part 颞骨鳞部
Temporal bone, tympanic part 颞骨鼓室部
tympanosquamous fissure 鼓鳞裂
第九层： Basal turn of cochlea 耳蜗底层
Groove in body of sphenoid bone for internal carotid artery 蝶骨体的颈内动脉沟
Middle ear 中耳
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
Occipitomastoid suture 枕骨乳突缝
Space connecting superior and inferior orbital fissures 眶上裂与眶下裂结合部
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体部
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
Sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞缝
Sphenozygomatic suture 蝶颧缝
Temporal bone, squamous part 颞骨鳞部
第十层： cochlea耳蜗
ternal auditory canal, left 左侧内耳道
Middle ear with malleus and incus 中耳锤、砧骨
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture 枕乳突缝
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
Space connecting superior and inferior orbital fissures 眶上、下裂结合部
sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部
第十一层： internal auditory canal内耳道
Middle ear with malleus and incus 中耳锤、砧骨
Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture枕乳突缝
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
Sphenoid, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
phenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部
superior orbital fissure眶上裂
Vestibule with lateral semicircular canal 前庭及外半规管
第十二层： Occipital bone, squamous part 枕骨鳞部
occipitomastoid suture枕乳突缝
posterior semicircular canal后半规管
Sphenoid bone, body 蝶骨体
Sphenoid bone, greater wing 蝶骨大翼
sphenosquamous suture 蝶颞（鳞）缝
Temporal bone, petrous part 颞骨岩部