Unit One 词汇的掌握

考试大纲词汇要求 掌握4250个单词和500个常用词组 复用式掌握其中的1800常用单词和200个词组 派生词 试题中词汇语法题占20分

① The newly promoted assistant manager expressed a wish to be ____ to the London branch.（2005年） [A] exchanged [B] transmitted [C] transferred [D] moved A 交换 B 传送 C 调动 D 搬到

② ____ your jacket, please. The room is very warm. （2005年） [A] Take off [B] Take after [C] Take up [D] Take on A 脱掉 B 与…相似 C 开始 D 呈现

③ David was completely ____ by his robber’s disguise ③ David was completely ____ by his robber’s disguise. （2005，天津） [A] take down [B] taken on [C] taken in [D] taken up A 写下 B 呈现 C 欺骗 D 占据

The doctor ___ me to the danger of not getting enough rest while working overtime. （2005年） [A] alerted [B] reminded [C] led [D] persuaded A. 警告 B 提醒 C 引导 D 劝说 短语: alert sb. to sth. 警告…

例句 (2005，广东) Over a third of the population in that African country was estimated to have no ___ to the health service. A. excess B. success C. process D. access A. 过度 B. 成功 C. 过程 D. 接近（机会）

例句 （2005年） There is nothing ____ about a native English- speaking teacher except that he speaks English easily and well. [A] particular [B] special [C] specific [D] especial

重点词汇讲解 易混相似词和词组辨析

1. access; excess; success; process

2. accuse; remind; inform; rob; suspect; convince 用法相同的： accuse sb. of sth. 指控… remind sb. of sth…. 提醒…… inform sb. of … 通知…… rob sb. of…. 抢劫… suspect sb. of … 怀疑…. convince sb. of … 让… 相信

Ex: --- We accused him of stealing the book Ex: --- We accused him of stealing the book. --- The picture reminded me of the old days. --- The teacher informed us of the meeting next week. --- The man robbed the old lady of her purse.

3 比较：used to + 动词 过去常常做… be accustomed to + 名词/Ving; be used to +名词/Ving 习惯于… 比较：used to + 动词 过去常常做…

Ex: --- We are accustomed to the weather here Ex: --- We are accustomed to the weather here. --- He is used to living in the big city now. --- He used to help me when I was in trouble. --- We used not to go fishing on Sunday.

4. adopt; adapt; adjust; adopt: 收养， 采纳， 采用 词组：adopt sth. 采纳… adopt sb. 收养某人 adapt: 使…适应; 改编 词组： adapt （oneself) to sth. 适应…

EX: --- He adopted our suggestion. (他采纳了我们的建议.) --- Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。） --- The boy adapted himself to the life here.

例句 (2005年） The new immigrants found it hard to____ themselves to the climate of the country. [A] adopt [B] adapt [C] regulate [D] coordinate

adjust: 调节；适应 用法：adjust (oneself) to + 名词 EX: --- She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。

5. advance; progress; 进展 词组： make progress 取得进步 make an advance/make advances 取得进步 Ex: --- We have made progress these days. --- He has made advances both in work and in study.

6. able; capable; competent 词组：be able to do sth. （能够做…) capable: 满足一般需要的能力 词组：be capable of doing sth. （能够做…) competent: 胜任的 词组：be competent to do sth. be competent for sth.

7. available; applicable; approachable; attainable available (to): 可用的， 可获得的 applicable (to): 适用的；可应用的； approachable: 可接近的；可进入的 attainable: 可到达的；可达成的

available: 可用的;可获得的 EX: --- Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6. a.m.. 从上午六点起渔民有早餐供应. --- There are three small boats available for hire. 有三置小船可供租用.

例句 （2006年） Powerful computers _____ translating documents from one language into the other have recently been developed in Japan. [A] able to [B] available to [C] capable of [D] liable to

例句 None of the servants were ____ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message. [A] available [B] applicable [C] approachable [D] attainable

liable: 易于….的; 易患….. 短语：be liable to do sth. 易于….的 Ex: --- We are liable to make mistakes. 短语: be liable to sth. 易患….. --- A baby is liable to diseases. 婴儿易患疾病.

8. afford的用法 与can 或could 连用；不能单独使用 can/could afford sth. 买得起；承担得起； Ex: --- I can afford the bike. 我买得起这个自行车。 can/could afford to do sth. 承担得起做… Ex： --- How can I afford (to spend) so much money for a car? 我怎么付得起这么多钱买这部车？

9. alone, lonely alone: 副词 单独地； adj. 单独的 （只作表语） lonely: adj. 孤单的， （作表语和定语） Ex： --- I spent a lot of time alone. --- You are not alone any longer. --- a lonely island

例句 I shall have a companion in the house after all these ______ years. [A] lonely [B] sole [C] single [D] alone

10. effective; efficient; efficacious EX： --- take effective measures 采取有效措施 --- effective medicine --- The telephone system is highly efficient. (这个电话系统效率很高。）

例 句 One of the most ____ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television. [A] specific [B] effective [C] special [D] efficient

例句 They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [A] beneficial [B] effective [C] fruitful [D] valid

effect (名词&动词） 影响，结果 affect (动词）影响 词组： have an effect on sth….. (对… 有影响） EX： --- The medicine has a good effect on me. (这种药对我有良好的功效。） affect (动词）影响 --- The noise from the street affected our work. （马路上的噪音影响我们工作。）

Examples: Her mind was so ____ by the disease that she could not remember who she was. [A] influence [B] acted [C] effected [D] affected

influence & effect (正面) 影响 affect (负面)影响 act 起作用;行动 --- Does the drug take long to act? --- In this case we acted properly and responsibly. 在这件事上我们做得恰当,而且是负责任的.

11. arise; raise; rise; arouse

例句 （2007，北京） With oil prices keeping _____, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not. [A] rising [B] arising [C] raising [D] arousing

raise: 增加;提高; 栽培;抚育 Ex: --- raise the rent of the room 提高房租 --- raise the standard of living 提高生活水准 --- raise wheat 种小麦 --- raise a child 养小孩

arouse: 唤起;激起 Ex: --- The book arouses my interest in English. (这本书引起我对英语的兴趣.) --- arouse anxiety/curiosity/suspicion (引起不安/好奇心/怀疑)

12. reward; grant; allowance; pension; fund;

例句 (2006年) All the British universities receive some government ___ except Buckingham. [A] allowance [B] grants [C] funding [D] cooperation

例句 （2005年） Life presents many barriers, and all too often those who work hardest may not receive great ______. [A] rewards [B] grants [C] allowance [D] praise

13. reward & award (动词) reward: 报答;答谢;奖赏 词组: reward sb. with sth. --- The teacher rewarded the student with a computer. (老师奖赏这个学生一台电脑.)

award: 授予;奖励;奖赏 用法: award sth. to sb. award sb. sth. EX: --- The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. --- The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. (评审委员把她的画评为头奖.)

14. special; specific; especial; particular

EX: --- This is the special day in the history of our country EX: --- This is the special day in the history of our country. (今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子.) --- I want a specific explanation. (我要一个具体的解释.) --- She has an especial fondness for music. (她对音乐又特殊的偏好.) --- There is nothing in the letter of particular importance. (这封信里没有特别重要的内容.)

例句 (2006年) One of the most ____ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television. [A] specific [B] proficient [C] efficient [D] special

15. contribute; attribute; distribute; retribute； contribute to sth. 贡献…; 导致… attribute … to … 把… 归因于 distribute sth. 分发 Ex: --- The design faults contribute to the tragedy. --- Women tend to attribute their success to luck. --The guy distributed the leaflets and posters to passers-by.

例句 （2005年） Those who failed in the entrance examinations are likely to ___ their failures to bad luck. [A] contribute [B] attribute [C] distribute [D] retribute

以下短语意思: 引起…;导致… (主语为原因; 宾语为结果) result in… bring about… lead to… give rise to… cause

EX: --- Your carelessness will lead to failure in work EX: --- Your carelessness will lead to failure in work. --- I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking. 我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法.

16. result from… 造成… 结果 Ex: --- His failure in the exam resulted from his carelessness. 考试不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。 attribute …to …. --- She attributed her failure to bad luck. 她把失败的原因于运气不好。

17. request; require; need request sb. to do sth. 请求… 做… require sb. to do sth. 要求… 做… need sb. to do sth. 需要… 做… MORE: request that….( 从句用虚拟语气） require that….( 从句用虚拟语气）

18. persuade; dissuade; persuade sb. to do sth. 劝… 做… dissuade sb. from doing sth. 劝阻… More to learn: persuasive: 有说服力的 --- a persuasive opinion

例句 （2006年） In European universities, students are not ____ to attend classes. [A] requested [B] persuaded [C] needed [D] required (key: D)

19. beside; besides; except --- Beside his plate is a pile of books. --- She has many good qualities besides being beautiful. --- I don’t take any drugs except aspirin.

20. except & except for除… 以外（不包括） --- He reads nothing except comic magazines. （他除了漫画杂志以外什么都不看。） --- He goes to the library every day except when he is not well. （他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都上图书馆）

CF: --- The movie was good except for the ending. （这部电影除了结尾以外都很好。） --- We enjoyed the party except for the loud music. ( 除了音乐嘈杂了点， 我们在舞会上很开心。）

例句 （2006年， 北京） ____ Japanese, she has to study another foreign 例句 （2006年， 北京） ____ Japanese, she has to study another foreign language. [A] Except [B] Except for [C] In addition to [D] Beside Key: C In addition to… = besides

例句 (2006年， 北京） The little village hasn’t changed much ____ a new road and two more stores. [A] except [B] besides [C] except that [D] except for Key: D

例句 (2006年) Practically, university students have a lot to learn ___ the textbook and class. [A] except for [B] aside from [C] away from [D] insides of aside from.. = besides