新世代網路領袖研討會 --全球網路組織及領袖研習營介紹-- 網路聯合國 -- ICANN及相關組織介紹 江進榮 ian@twnic.net.tw 2003.01.13

題 綱 Introduction 網路組織 ICANN 亞太地區網路相關組織

Introduction

How does Internet work? 1. IP: Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing Protocols are to enable computer-to-computer communication. To support this, computers are to identify which protocols are being used. For example, IPv4 is in use today; IPv6 is coming. For example: 140.109.10.11 is to represent a 32 bit number that is how IPv4 represents locations in the Internet, like telephone numbers in the telephone network.

How does Internet work? 2. DN: Domain Name Domain Name Service to map Name to IP address. ex: cc.ntu.edu.tw 140.112.1.2 The system is hierarchical and each name is unique. Top level (e.g. .com, .tw) managed by a person/Org. assigned by the IANA. gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain (TLD) Name, ex: .edu, .com, .org, .net ccTLD: country codes TLD, ex: .us, .tw, .cn

網路組織

網路組織 1. 網路統籌管理機制簡史 1970s – 1990s: Rules have been set through “RFC” by a small group of engineers. 1998 – up to now: Rules have been set through “ICANN” and others (ex, TWNIC) through “Policies” in the name of “consensus”. Future: By Governments or Private Organisations? By means of national treaties or policies?

網路組織 2. 國際組織 General Organisation ex: ICANN, ICANN GAC, ISOC, APNG Domain Name and Policy Organisation ex: ICANN ccNSO, ccTLD, APTLD IP Address and Policy Organisation ex: ICANN ASO, APNIC Protocol and Engineering Organisation ex: IETF, IDN, ITU

ICANN

ICANN 1. 全名： The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 2. 中文： 網際網路名稱與號碼指配機構 3. 前身: 鑑於以美國IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)為中心的網路統籌管理機制 (Internet Governance) 之運作備受質疑：「壟斷性」、「未能符合權責相符的要求」，美國政府於1998年10月促成IANA的轉型，另設新的網路統籌管理機制ICANN，並在美國商業部的主導下於同年隔月7日正式運作。

ICANN 4. 現況: a technical coordination body for the Internet a non-profit, private-sector corporation 5. 目標： preserving the operational stability of the Internet promoting competition achieving broad representation of global Internet communities developing policy through private-sector, bottom-up, consensus-based means

ICANN 6. 職責： IP address space allocation; protocol parameter assignment; domain name system management; and root server system management

ICANN 7. 組織架構：

ICANN 8. 改革: 鑑於二○○三年二月Stuart Lynn提出”ICANN: A Case for Reform”，指出ICANN目前所面臨的三項重要困境：重要機制參與不足、決策過程冗長、以及經費不足等問題，一系列ICANN改革行動於是展開，包括: 設立Committee on ICANN Evolution and Reform (ERC)，統籌ICANN改革。 革新藍圖(ICANN: A Blue print for Reform)，以為ICANN改革的參考基礎。

ICANN 設立相關協助機制，處理特定議題的意見成形，包括Names Policy Development Process Assistance Group、Accountability Framework Assistance Group、At-Large Advisory Committee Assistance Group、ccNSO Assistance Group等。 以改革藍圖為本，加上各方意見形成ICANN新章程，並於去年十月上海會議期間正式通過。 為使ICANN轉移安穩順利，新章程中增加「轉移條款」，新條款於去年底荷蘭阿姆斯特丹年會中正式通過。

ICANN 9. 改革現況 ICANN改革已完成主要之企劃，現已進入移轉過程。ICANN將投入較多的時間進行gTLD、IDN等及其他的較務實的任務。 更多關於ICANN的資料及最新訊息，請參閱ICANN網站 www.icann.org

亞太地區網路相關組織

亞太地區網路相關組織 Industry, e-Business and e-Commerce APIA Legal and Policy, Governance and Management APPLe Research and Academic, Founder status APNG, APAN, AI3 Advanced Networking APAN, AI3 Internet Domain Names APTLD, MINC Internet IPv4/IPv6/AS Numbers APNIC Developing Countries APDIP, PAN/ IDRC Conference, Education and Training APRICOT Operations APOPS Security APSIRC Administration and Coordination AP Joint Secretariat AP* Retreat Secretariat Language-specific INFITT Discipline-specific Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Network Asia Pacific Association for Medical Informatics

亞太地區網路相關組織 1. APIA: AP Internet Association established in 1997, is a non-profit trade association whose aim is to promote the common business interests of the Internet-related service industry in the Asia Pacific region.

亞太地區網路相關組織 APIA Objects: To develop industry procedures, mechanisms, policies, standards, and guidelines for effective and efficient operation of Internet-related services To facilitate and negotiate industry-wide agreements on common business issues of Internet-related services

亞太地區網路相關組織 APIA Objects: To develop and promote policies and positions in the best interest of the Members and represent these interests in relevant bodies To provide and promote educational opportunities that will enhance and empower technical and policy understanding of the Internet To build, maintain, and publish relevant industry data for Members.

亞太地區網路相關組織 APIA Operations: a membership based organization with the funding derived from the membership fee. The current Secretariat is located in Tokyo, Japan, headed by Secretary General.  Most of our activities are carried out over e-mail discussions, publications, and periodic meetings.

亞太地區網路相關組織 APIA Mission for 2002-2003 is to ensure the stability and the future of APRICOT (http://www.apricot.net), and be an information clearing house for AP Internet industry.

亞太地區網路相關組織 2. AP Star AP* is the Community of Asia Pacific Internet Organisations mooted in 1998 and the mailing list set up in Nov 1998. The vision of AP* is to provide a strong united front for all Asia Pacific internet organisations to deal with International issues of governance, administration, management, research, development, education, public awareness of the Internet

亞太地區網路相關組織 3. APTLD: Asia Pacific Top-level Domain Forum 討論亞太區Domain Name, DNS, NIC相關議題。 會員包括亞太區主要地區及國家：台灣、中國、日本、南韓、紐西蘭、澳洲、馬來西亞、泰國、新加坡、香港、越南等。 APTLD將再馬來西亞立案註冊。秘書處設於台灣，由本中心擔任。

亞太地區網路相關組織 4. APNIC: Asia Pacific Network Information Center the Regional Internet Registry (RIR) for Asia Pacific Region。其餘三個RIRs為： (1) ARIN: 北美洲、加勒比海（部分）、非洲（赤道以南地區）； (2) LACNIC: 拉丁美洲、加勒比海（部分）； (3) RIPE NCC: 中東地區、非洲（赤道以北地區）、亞洲（部分）； AfriNIC（成形中）: 非洲

亞太地區網路相關組織

亞太地區網路相關組織 APNIC任務 Internet resource management: IP address allocation and assignment / AS number assignment Resource registration: Authoritative registration server DNS management: Reverse domains in-addr.arpa Policy development Training and Seminars Publication and Information Co-ordination and Representation    

亞太地區網路相關組織 5. APNG（稍後詳述） 6. APRICOT （稍後詳述）