中职英语阅读课堂上的有效输入与输出 北京护士学校 张欣硕

新大纲对阅读教学的要求 英语阅读课上普遍存在 的问题 阅读教学的原则 有关课堂输入和输出的理论 阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的 有效运用

一、新大纲对阅读教学的要求 基本要求： 能抓住阅读材料的中心意思，找出细节信息； 能读懂简单的应用文，如请柬、通知等； 能读懂常见题材的简短阅读材料。 较高要求： 能根据上下文和构词法猜测词义； 能根据文章信息进行简单的推理、判断； 能读懂常见题材的阅读材料。

二、英语阅读课堂上普遍存在的问题 学生方面 1. 学生习惯的阅读模式：词语—句子—语法—翻译—答案 阅读速度慢 忽略整体理解 2. 过度依赖教师讲解 缺乏阅读技巧和策略 3. 能够理解课文中key phrases的含义， 并掌握文章大意，但对Key phrases 的使用正确率不高 对知识点的实用 能力有待提高 4. 部分学生不能独立理解课文含义，无法独立完成阅读练习， 存在阅读心理障碍，影响了他们对阅读课的兴趣。

二、英语阅读课堂上普遍存在的问题

三、阅读教学的原则 阅读教学 阅读任务有利于发展 学生的阅读策略和技能 因材施教，阅读任务与 学生的语言水平相一致 阅读任务设计和学生综合语言能力发展相结合 阅读教学 精读、泛读相结合

四、有关输入和输出的理论 输入假设 Krashen (1985) 可理解性输入 包含已知 语言成分 略高于已知 语言水平 真实性

四、有关输入和输出的理论 输出假设 （Swain, 1995） 注意功能 元语言功能 促使学生意识自身 语言不足，并对新信 息的注意 学生运用语言分析、描 述语言，得到关于语言 的形式、结构及其他方 面的信息 检查假设功能 学生对目标语的结构 和语义进行假设检查

四、有关输入和输出的理论 口头 输出 课堂提问、主题演讲、话题讨论、短剧表演 输出模式 笔头 输出 写作（仿写）

四、有关输入和输出的理论 相辅相成 课堂输出 课堂输入 保证 检验，推动 培养和运用阅读技巧和策略

What do you know about Canadians? (Unit 1, Book 1) 五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 What do you know about Canadians? (Unit 1, Book 1) 导入

从课文中寻找适合的动词短语描述图片 （Unit one, Book 1） 五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 从课文中寻找适合的动词短语描述图片 （Unit one, Book 1） 读说结合 Say hello in the street. Talk to you like old friends Let you pay first Give you a ride

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 图片导入主题 创设语境 What do you think about the pictures? (Unit 3, Book 2) 图片导入主题 创设语境 What do you think about the pictures? What should we do after the disaster happened?

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 (Unit 3, Book 2) salt sugar Survivors are the person who suffer disaster and lived. …… water oil Please pass me the bottle which is labeled “salt”.

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 While-reading 问题导入: According to the picture what event can you think of? What are the people doing in the picture? 学生阅读文章独立完成P 29, E2, 3

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 Please tick the voluntary work that Yang Gang did. Work in groups: find the key phrases in the article. And then make sentences with them. 学生板书讲解 P30, E4 合作学习 Please tick the voluntary work that Yang Gang did. ____ Donate blood. ____ Send injured people to a safe place. ____ Tell the way for a foreigner. ____ Take water to taxi drivers. ____ Set up tents for survivors. Step 3: Post-reading Summery the key phrases Such as: feel proud of… 独立完成 并交流 Written exercise: Try to use the key phrases to describe your voluntary experience

Match to complete a whole sentence 五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 读写结合，带动表述 Match to complete a whole sentence (Unit 3, Book 2) 运用已有知识 降低语法难度 why Yang Gang felt proud of himself is that he passed love to others. 1. Yong Gang will never forget the day when the earthquake shook Wenchuan. 2. Many volunteers went to Wenchun whose legs were hurt in the earthquake was sent to the hospital. 3. The old man where the earthquake happened. 4. The reason P31, Language in Use

I’m a Reporter for Today 五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 I’m a Reporter for Today P35, E3 学生4人一组，抽签阅读E3中的A, B或C 短文中寻找工作内容、要求和意义，小组代表发言，相同阅读材料的组相互补充，教师总结。 采访开始并 交流 P30, E5 根据各组表述完成P35, E4，要求使用含有why引导的定语从句表述。 Unit 3, Book2

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 A. Do you ever feel strongly about helping other people? B. What will you do if you have the chance to do voluntary work? C. Why do you choose the voluntary work? Name Question A Question B Question C

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 Watch these pictures and discuss. (Unit 5, Book 2) What kinds of hotel service do these pictures stand for?

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 2 Read the text with these questions in mind. 带着问题读课文。 1. How far is it from Tianshan Hotel to the downtown area? 2. What services does the hotel provide? It’s within walking distance to the downtown area. Accommodation, dining service, bar and laundry. (Unit 5, Book 2)

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 WELCOME TO TIANSHAN HOTEL 3 Match paragraphs 2-5 with the pictures. 将第2段至第5段与相应的图片匹配。 (Unit 5, Book 2) WELCOME TO TIANSHAN HOTEL 　　Tianshan Hotel is a four-star hotel and it’s close to the centre of the city. It’s within walking distance to the downtown area. 　　Accommodation There are 150 standard rooms and 59 single rooms, all with television, Internet access, fridge and air conditioning. 　　Dining Service Both Chinese and Western foods are served and room service will be provided at your request. 　　Bar You can enjoy a cup of coffee or your favourite drink in the bar, which is open 24 hours a day. 　　Laundry If you have any laundry, just dial 1401.Laundry service is available from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm. We are very pleased to be at your service. 点击图片连线

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 从课文中找出与下列句子含义相同的句型。 (Unit 5, Book 2) 1. It is not far from the center of the city. 2. You can walk to the center of the city. 3. You can have both Chinese and Western foods at the hotel. 4. Room service will be offered according to your request. 5. The hotel provides laundry service from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm. 6. We feel happy to be ready to serve you.

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 从课文中找出与下列句子含义相同的句型。 1. It is not far from the center of the city. =It’s close to the center of the city. 2. You can walk to the center of the city. =It’s within walking distance to the downtown.

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 读说结合，语用实际 Practice the key phrases. 1. Be close to = near Eg: The Hospital is close to the post office. 2. Be within walking distance to Hospital Post office Museum Subway station ( one-way → ) Sports Area Park Drive Drug-store Bus Station Peace Street 1st Avenue Tourism Office Book Shop McDonald’s University Park Theatre Bell street City Hall 2nd Avenue Central Mall KFC Subway Station 3rd Avenue ( ← one-way ) 5th Avenue Plaza Hotel Sun Bank 4th Avenue Train Station library School Start True or False ( ) F The Sun Bank is within walking distance to the Drug-store. ( ) T The library is within walking distance to the school. （Unit 5, Book 2）

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 读写结合 Read the email of a guest to his friend. Subject: Great hotel From: David@hotmail.com Time: 22:09 pm, 28 Sept. 2010 To: Bob@hotmail.com 收信人称谓 Hi Bob, 　　It’s midnight and I just thought I’d drop you a few lines. I’m in the Holiday Inn, Beijing. I’ve been here for four days now. It’s very nice—modern facilities and good service. My room is quite big and comfortable. Best of all, the Internet is really fast—just what I need! 　　I’ve just had a swim in the hotel pool, which is open 24 hours a day. Yesterday I went to the gym. They’ve got a great trainer there, who seems very knowledgeable and helped me work out. 　　The Western restaurant is good. I had a huge meal there the day I arrived. I was starving after the long journey! 　　Anyway, I’m leaving tomorrow but will be back here again on Sunday! Would you like me to book you in for your next visit? I know you’d like it here! Cheers, David 正文 写信人姓名

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 Tianshan Hotel Youth Hotel Garden Hotel 读下面的信息，模仿刚刚阅读的文章以email方式向朋友介绍1家宾馆。 Youth Hotel Guesthouse; 30 minutes’ drive to the city centre; television, hot water Price: 90 yuan / double room / per night; 20 yuan / per bed in a shared four-bed room Tianshan Hotel 全班点评 In downtown area; television, hot water, air conditioning, Internet access; Business Centre and shops, restaurants, bars, swimming pool, gym, laundry, room service Price: 600 yuan / double room / per night Garden Hotel In scenic area; television, hot water, air conditioning; Chinese restaurant; laundry, child care Price: 360 yuan / double room / per night

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 比较：北京市通州区玉带河西街24号 北京护士学校 101149 （Unit 6, Book 2） 北京护士学校 101149 （Unit 6, Book 2） Weilong Ltd. 26 Xisanhuan Beilu Beijing, 100081 28 April 2009 收信人姓名、职位和地址 Mr Henry Smith Sales Manager, BBT Ltd. 35 Changjiang Road, Shanghai, 200441 Dear Mr Smith, 　　We are happy to inform you that our company is going to hold a conference on digital machinery in Beijing next month. We would be honoured if you could attend. 　　The purpose of the conference is to show our latest digital machines. Our general engineer will give a presentation. There will be workshops and a tour of　our factory. More details will be emailed to you in a day or two. 　　The conference will be on 12—14 May. If you are able to attend, please let us know when you will arrive and your flight number. We will meet you at the airport. We will reserve a room for you at the Jinlong Hotel, where the conference will be held. Contact: Chen Zhang Tel: 010-98543421 Fax: 010-98533421 Email: chenzhang@machine.com.cn 寄信人的地址和写信时间 联系人及联系方式 Best wishes, Li Long

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 把句子还原到信中，并使用课文中的有效信息补全信件格式。 BBT Ltd. 35 Changjiang Road, Shanghai, 200441 30 April 2009 Mr. Li Long Sales Manager, Weilong Ltd. 26 Xisanhuan Beilu Beijing, 100081 Dear Mr. Li, 　　Thank you for inviting me to the conference on 22 May. 4，5，3，2，1 Yours sincerely, Henry Smith 1. My flight number is CZ2318. 2. I will arrive in Beijing at 10:00 am on 21 May. 3. I also look forward to meeting you at the conference. 4. I’m very glad to have the chance to attend the conference because I’m interested in your latest digital machines. 5. I look forward to the presentation by your general engineer.

五、阅读课堂上输入与输出理论的有效运用 Speech: Sichuan in my eyes K (what I know) W (What I want to know) L (What I learned) Hot food Panda Sichuan opera Jiuzhaigou …… People Culture Beautiful places …… Capital city Southwest of China Teahouse Hot and spicy food Speech: Sichuan in my eyes （Unit 9, Book 1）

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