Unit 1 Art 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood (I) OVERLOOK Task 任务 : * Understanding the Meaning of Subjunctive Mood 理解虚拟 语气的概念 * Having Good Commands of Unreal Conditional Sentence 掌 握 IF虚拟条件句 的用法 Topics 要点 : * About Subjunctive Mood 关于虚 拟语气 * 'IF' Unreal Conditional Sentence IF虚拟条件句 * Useful Sentence Patterns 常用 句型 * Summury & Homework 总结与作业 Emphasis 重点 : Difficulty 难点 : * The Tense of 'IF' Unreal Conditional Sentence IF虚拟条 件句的时态 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood (I)

虚拟语气 在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于if条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

【观察体会】 A: Why don’t our grandchildren visit us more often? B: They don’t have enough time. If they had more time, they would visit us more often.

A: I wonder why Fred works so hard. B: I don’t know. He must like his job. A: If he didn’t like his job, he wouldn’t work so hard.

A: Do you enjoy driving a school bus? B: Not really. I wish I drove a taxi.

A: Can Jonathan dance? B: No, he can’t, but he wishes he could. If he could dance, he would go dancing every night.

总结：虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用 法 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 would/could/should/might +v. (原) 过去时(were)

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.

If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

If I had a lot of money, I would go shopping.

【考例】 If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (湖北 2005) would B. could C. had to D. ought to

If they _____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice. d. If I _____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help. were would take were would ask

条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 过去 would/could/should/might + have + p.p 过去完成时

If he __________ (drive) more carefully, he _________________ (have)the car accident yesterday. had driven would not have had

If I __________ (learn) how to swim, had learnt If I __________ (learn) how to swim, I __________________ (be) trapped in this island. would not have been

a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already. b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train. had been would have passed had got would have caught

c. If I ________ (meet) you yesterday, we _______________ (go) to the concert together. had met would have gone

条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 将来 1. 过去时 2. should + v. 3. were to do would/could/ should/ might + v. (原)

If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

a. If there _________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power. b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow? should be should make would happen should get up

c. If Robots ______________ (control) the world some day, there _________ (be) no friendship. were to control would be

混合虚拟语气 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。 e.g. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。

If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.

二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的主观愿望，常用虚拟语气，同if only…用法一样。 1) 表示对现在情况的假设 从句动词用过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用were) 。

I wish I were as tall as you.

I wish every day were my birthday.

(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟: 从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。 I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.

The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.

(3) 表示将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “ would＋动词原形”。 e.g. 但愿你立刻来。 I wish you would come soon.

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

1. I wish I were a bird. (现在) 2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去) 3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)

2. 表示“要求，命令，建议”的虚拟语气。 常见动词： 一个坚持,两个命令，三个建议，四个要求 .即: insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose +recommend 4. demand, require, request, desire

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词 原形，或者将should省略。 e.g. 我们建议汤姆去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. He insisted that I (should) be present.

国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)＋v. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire

e.g. It is suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.

insist / suggest 不接虚拟的用法 e.g. She insisted that she was right. 她坚持认为/说自己是对的。（坚持事实） His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. (虚拟语气） 他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。

e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.（陈述语气） I suggested that the teachers’ wages (should) be increased. （虚拟语气）

7. 在It is strange / natural / important / no wonder / impossible / necessary / a pity / ... that ......结构中that 从句也要用“(should )+ 动词原形”。 It is desired/suggested/decided/ordered/ requested/proposed that….结构中that 从句也要用“(should )+ 动词原形”。 表示说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，译为“竟然”，“应该”

It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. It’s necessary that we should study hard.

过去时 3. It’s (high) time + (that)… should +v. (should不可省略) 你该走了。 It’s time that you went. It’s time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了。 It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

现在： 过去： 一般过去时 3. as if /though … 过去完成时 在as if / as though后的从句中，常用一般过去时或had done的形式来表示与现在或将来的事实相反或不太可能实现的事情。

He behaves as if he owned the house. He treats me as if I were a stranger.

She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.

e.g. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.

现在： 过去： 将来： 过去时 4. would rather (that) 过去完成时 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 We _____ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. （江西2011） A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put

2. Maybe if I _____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. （北京2011） A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _____ more on its culture. （江苏2010） A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused

4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. （2006全国卷I） A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

5. — Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to. （江苏2005） will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what