Contents Active Reading 1. Contents Active Reading 1.

Presentation on theme: "Contents Active Reading 1. Contents Active Reading 1."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 Active Reading 1

3 Warming Up Do you have a hobby? Parkour (sometimes abbreviated to PK) is a utilitarian discipline based upon the direct, successful, swift traversing of one's surrounding environment via the practical application of techniques, based around the concept of self-preservation.

4 Warming Up It is a non-competitive, physical discipline of French origin in which participants run along a route, attempting to negotiate obstacles in the most efficient way possible, using only their bodies. Skills such as jumping, climbing, vaulting, rolling, swinging and wall scaling are employed. Parkour can be practiced anywhere, but areas dense with obstacles are preferable and it is most commonly practiced in urban areas. Now, watch the video clip and have some further knowledge about parkour. Maybe, someday, it will become your hobby. Who knows?

5 Maintain a Saltwater Aquarium
Warming Up Now have a discussion with your partners about the following suggested hobbies. Are you interested in any of them? Or do you prefer anything else? State your reasons. Maintain a Saltwater Aquarium Gardening Explore Photography Painting

6 Cross-stitch Sports Collecting Writing Puzzles Playing the Piano
Warming Up Cross-stitch Sports Collecting Writing Puzzles Playing the Piano Knitting

7 Now do you want to start a new hobby?
Warming Up Now do you want to start a new hobby?

8 Painting as a Pastime About the author Go to the text
Outline of the text Go to the text

9 Outline of the Text Painting as a Pastime the benefits of hobbies
the process of developing a hobby choosing appropriate hobbies the problem of boredom contrasting views of work and pleasure

10 Painting as a Pastime psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm
Text Painting as a Pastime 1 A gifted American psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go." It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task.

11 can only gently insinuate something else into its
Text One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

12 of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to
Text 2 The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

13 have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all
Text To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: "I will take an interest in this or that." Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.

14 Text It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

15 everything they want, who can gratify every caprice
Text 4 As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire – for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.

16 Text In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

17 industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first,
Text It may be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms.

18 Text But Fortune's favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

19 Text 绘画消遣（节选） 一位天才美国心理学家说过：“烦恼是感情的发作；此时大脑缠住了某种东西不肯放手。”在这种情况下，和头脑争论（让它放手）是无用的。愿望越强烈，与之争论就越是徒劳。

20 Text 你只能温和地将另一种东西慢慢灌输到痉挛状态的头脑中。如果（这一东西）选得恰当，而且它真的从另一领域的情趣中受到启迪的话，那么逐渐地，往往也是迅速地，原先不适当的“不肯放手”就会慢慢放松，恢复和补救的过程就会开始。

21 Text 因此，对于公众人物而言，培养业余爱好和新的兴趣才是上策。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志力就能做到的事情。精神情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，种子就必须精挑细选，必须播种在肥沃的土壤里，还必须辛勤地护理。

22 Text 要想真正快乐，真正安全，一个人至少应有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是实际可行的。到了晚年才开始说：“我会培养对这或对那的兴趣”，这是没有用的。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得大量与其日常工作无关的知识，却不能从中得到任何益处或宽慰。

23 Text 做你喜欢做的事没有用，你要喜欢你做的事。泛而言之，人可以分为三类：极其劳累的人，极其操心的人，极其无聊的人。对于卖了一周力气、流了一周汗水的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午踢足球或打垒球是不合适的。同样，对于工作了六天、一直为公务操心的政界人士、专业人员或商人来说，在周未再让他们为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而操心劳累也是无益的。

24 Text 那些能够支配一切、能够肆意妄为、能够染指一切追求目标的人是“不幸的”。对于他们而言，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。

25 Text 他们到处乱跑，企图靠喧闹和骚动来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这么做是徒劳的。对他们来说，某种形式的纪律约束是最有希望让他们走出困境、走上正道的。

26 Text 可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类人认为工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐；第二类人认为工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类人占大多数。他们是能够得到补偿的。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了报酬，这不仅是谋生的手段，也使他们对寻找快乐充满了渴望，哪怕是最简单、最质朴的快乐。

27 Text 但是，幸运之神偏爱的是第二类人。他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。对他们来说，工作时间永远不会太长（永远都不够长），每一天都是假日，而当普通节日来到时，他们会感到厌恶，因为这强行打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，换换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力都是不可缺少的。其实，把工作当作乐趣的人，很可能是最需要每隔一段时间就把工作放下，让头脑放松的人。

28 pastime grip labourer gifted recuperation trifling spasm cultivation
Words & Phrases pastime grip labourer gifted recuperation trifling spasm cultivation gratify futile improvise caprice insinuate sedulously excitement convulsive vivify additional rightly aggravate satiation illumination unconnected frantically swiftly toil avenging undue manual boredom

29 clatter outlook industrious diversion secondly banish compensation
Words & Phrases clatter outlook industrious diversion secondly banish compensation sustenance grudge enforced interruption absorbing vocation

30 it’s no use (in) doing sth.
Words & Phrases catch hold of in vain let sth. go at intervals at hand it’s no use (in) doing sth. take an interest in broadly speaking to death tire out as for lay one’s hands on

31 Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔
Words & Phrases Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔

32 Words & Phrases pastime n. [C] sth. that someone does regularly for fun in one’s free time 消遣；娱乐 e.g. 1. Reading was his favourite pastime. 阅读是他最爱的消遣方式 。 2. Eating out is the national pastime in France. 下馆子吃饭是全法国人的消遣方式。 Sentence

33 gifted a. with an impressive natural ability有天赋的
Words & Phrases gifted a. with an impressive natural ability有天赋的 e.g. 1. She was an extremely gifted poet. 她是一位很有天赋的诗人 。 2. Don’t sell her short: she's very gifted in some areas. 别小看她，她有些方面很有天赋。 3. Gifted with a superb voice, she became the Opera’s leading soprano. 她天生一副好嗓子，成了歌剧团的领衔女高音。 Synonym: talented

34 Words & Phrases spasm n. 1) [C] a sudden strong feeling, usually an unpleasant one （尤指不愉快情感的）一阵发作 e.g. A spasm of fear brought his thoughts back to the present. 一阵恐惧的感觉将他的思绪带回到了现在。 2) [C, U] a sudden movement in which one of one’s muscles becomes tight and painful 痉挛；抽筋 e.g. Maggie felt a muscle spasm in her back. 玛吉觉得背部肌肉一阵抽搐 。 Sentence

35 futile a. unsuccessful, or useless 无益的；徒劳的
Words & Phrases futile a. unsuccessful, or useless 无益的；徒劳的 e.g. 1. My efforts to go back to sleep proved futile. 我努力想再次入睡，但是却纯属徒劳 。 2. It was futile to continue the negotiations. 继续谈判下去也是枉然。 Synonym: pointless Word family: futility n. Sentence

36 Words & Phrases insinuate vt. 1) (fml) get into a situation or position by behaving in a way that is not sincere [正式]〔假装友善和诚实〕使自己逐渐取得〔某人的喜爱、信任等〕；使慢慢滋长 e.g. 1. He tried to insinuate doubts into the boss’s mind. 他设法使老板慢慢产生疑虑。 2. He insinuated himself into Mehmet’s confidence. 他设法取得了穆罕默德的信任 。

37 2) say something unpleasant in an indirect way 暗示，暗指〔令人不快的内容，尤指某人不诚实〕
Words & Phrases 2) say something unpleasant in an indirect way 暗示，暗指〔令人不快的内容，尤指某人不诚实〕 e.g. 1. It seems to me you insinuate things about her. 我觉得你讲起她来，总有些弦外之音。 2. Are you insinuating that I am a liar? 你绕来绕去是否暗指我撒谎? Synonym: imply Word family: insinuation n. Sentence

38 Words & Phrases convulsive a. 1) producing or consisting of sudden, violent, and uncontrollable body movements 惊厥的；猛烈的；不能控制的 e.g. a convulsive sob a convulsive burst of laughter 2) mainly journalism causing major problems or serious harm 震动的 e.g. The assassination of Martin Luther King was one of the most convulsive events of the 1960s. 马丁·路德·金遇刺是20世纪60年代最令人震惊的事件 之一 。 Word family: convulsion n. 不能控制的抽噎 爆笑 Sentence

39 rightly ad. 1) for a good reason 合理地；有充分理由地
Words & Phrases rightly ad. 1) for a good reason 合理地；有充分理由地 e.g. They have been treated badly, and they are rightly upset.　 2) correctly, or accurately 正确地；准确地 e.g. As you so rightly pointed out, things are getting worse. rightly or wrongly: 且不问对还是错，不管对不对 e.g. The prime minister was widely judged, rightly or wrongly, to be an honest man. 不管对不对，大多数人都认为首相是个诚实的人。 他们受到了不公正的对待，生气是有道理的。 你说得很对，情况越来越不妙了。

40 Words & Phrases illumination n. 1) [U] light that is provided by something in a place 照明，照亮 e.g. White candles, the only illumination, burned on the table. 2) [C, U] an explanation that makes something easier to understand 阐明；启发 e.g. I found great illumination in his words. 我从他的话中得到很大启发。 Word family: illuminate v. 白蜡烛作为唯一的照明在桌子上燃烧着。 Sentence

41 swiftly ad. with speed; quickly 迅速地；立刻地
Words & Phrases swiftly ad. with speed; quickly 迅速地；立刻地 e.g. Alex moved swiftly and silently across the lawn. 艾利克斯迅速而悄悄地穿过草地。 Word family: swift a. happening quickly or immediately 迅速的；立刻的 e.g. 1. She shot a swift glance at Paul. 她迅速地瞥了保罗一眼。 2. It was a remarkably swift recovery. 真是奇迹般的快速康复。 e.g. Alex moved swiftly and silently across the lawn. Sentence

42 undue a. (fml) not necessary or reasonable [正式]不必要的；不合理的；过分的
Words & Phrases undue a. (fml) not necessary or reasonable [正式]不必要的；不合理的；过分的 1. It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms. 最好不要过分看重他的批评。 2. Don't treat the matter with undue haste. 不要过急地处理此事。 Antonym: due Sentence

43 grip n. (sing) a firm strong hold （一般用单数）抓牢；紧握
Words & Phrases grip n. (sing) a firm strong hold （一般用单数）抓牢；紧握 e.g. 1. Hold the microphone in a firm grip and keep it still. 紧紧握住麦克风不要让它动。 2. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn’t loosen her grip on my arm. (CET ) 小女孩害怕极了，不肯放开我的胳膊。 Word family: grip v. e.g. I gripped the rail and tried not to look down. 我紧紧抓住栏杆，尽量不往下看。 Sentence

44 recuperation n. [U] recovery from illness or exertion 复原；恢复（健康、元气等）
Words & Phrases recuperation n. [U] recovery from illness or exertion 复原；恢复（健康、元气等） e.g. The human body has amazing powers of recuperation. 人体具有惊人的复原力。 Word family: recuperate v. Synonym: recovery n. e.g. 1. Coles is recuperating from a sprained ankle. 科尔斯扭伤了脚踝，正在康复。 2. Winston proposed several ways for the industry to recuperate. 温斯顿提出了复兴这个行业的几种办法。 Synonym: recover v. Sentence

45 Words & Phrases cultivation n. [U] 1) the process of developing sth. such as a relationship, attitude, or skill （态度或技能等的）养成，培养；磨练 e.g. His outstanding performance makes him worthy of your cultivation. 他表现这么好，不枉你对他的培养。 2) the process of growing crops or plants 耕种，耕作 e.g. Slash and burn cultivation was still customs retained in a few localities. 在少数地方还保持着“刀耕火种”的原始耕作方式。

46 3) the use of land for growing crops or plants 栽培，种植
Words & Phrases 3) the use of land for growing crops or plants 栽培，种植 e.g. These fields have been under cultivation for years. 这些土地已耕作很多年了。 Word family: cultivate v. cultivate new friends 结交新朋友 cultivate the minds of students 陶冶学生的心灵 cultivate the ability to solve problems independently 培养独立解决问题的能力 cultivate pearl 养殖珍珠 cultivate the habit of laughter 养成笑的习惯

47 Words & Phrases improvise v. 1) do sth. without preparing it first, often because the situation does not allow you to prepare 即兴做；即席做 e.g. He has the ability to improvise operatic arias in any given style. 他有即席创作任一风格歌剧咏叹调的能力。 2) make sth. by using whatever you can find because you do not have the equipment or materials that you need 临时做 e.g. We left the tent poles behind, so we had to improvise. 我们忘了带帐篷支架，所以只好临时找别的东西凑合。 Sentence

48 sedulously ad. 勤勉地；孜孜不倦地
Words & Phrases sedulously ad. 勤勉地；孜孜不倦地 e.g. He has been working sedulously to get the project done on time. 他勤勤恳恳地工作，这个项目得以准时完成。 Word family： sedulous a. (very formal) showing continued hard work, effort, and determination （文）勤勉的，孜孜不倦的 e.g. 1. His work is characterized by precision and a sedulous attention to detail. 他的工作特点是力求准确和一丝不苟。 2. He watched his patients with the most sedulous care. 他无微不至地照顾病人。 Sentence

49 vivify vt. endow with life or renewed life 使具有生气
Words & Phrases vivify vt. endow with life or renewed life 使具有生气 e.g. 1. A smile may vivify a face. 2. Rain vivifies the desert. Word family: vivid a. 微笑使脸变得有活力 。 雨水给沙漠带来生气 。 Sentence

50 Words & Phrases aggravate vt. 1) make sth. bad become worse, especially a situation or a medical condition 使（尤指局势或病情）恶化；加剧 e.g. Their money problems were further aggravated by a rise in interest rates. 由于利率上调，他们的财务问题更加糟糕。 2) (mainly spoken) annoy someone （口）惹怒，激怒 e.g. What really aggravates me is the way she won't listen. 让我大为生气的是她不听。 Word family: aggravation n. Sentence

51 unconnected a. 1) [~ with/to] not related to each other 无关联的
Words & Phrases unconnected a. 1) [~ with/to] not related to each other 无关联的 e.g. Wolf's work is completely unconnected to the current study. 沃尔夫所做的工作和目前的研究毫不相关。 2) not joined to a system, for example in order to provide or receive electricity or communication （电路、通讯等）未接通的 e.g. Be sure to insulate any loose unconnected wires with electrical tape for safety. 为了安全，务必用电工胶带绝缘任何未连接的电线。

52 Words & Phrases toil vi. & n. 1) vi. [~ at/away] (literary) work very hard doing sth. difficult and tiring, especially physical work（尤指体力活）辛苦地劳作，苦干 e.g. I've been toiling away at this essay all weekend. 我整个周末都在埋头写这篇论文。 2) vi. move slowly using a lot of effort 艰难地行走 e.g. The bus toiled up the steep hill. 公共汽车艰难地爬上陡峭的山岗。 2) n. difficult and tiring work, especially physical work 辛苦的或长时间的工作 e.g. The joy overpays the toil. 所得的快乐超过付出的辛劳。

53 manual a. & n. 1) a. involving the use of your hands 手工的
Words & Phrases manual a. & n. 1) a. involving the use of your hands 手工的 e.g. Making small models requires manual skill. 制作小模型要手巧。 2) a. operated by a person instead of automatically or using a computer 手动的 e.g. It would take too long to do a manual search of all the data. 手动搜寻所有的资料将会花去太多的时间。 Word family: manually ad.

54 A) manually B) artificially C) automatically D) synthetically
Words & Phrases The ships’ generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated ____ instead of mechanically. (CET ) A) manually B) artificially C) automatically D) synthetically 2) n. [C] a book containing instructions for doing sth., especially for operating a machine 手册；（尤指机器的）说明书，操作指南 e.g. A Fully illustrated instruction manual is included. 附上详尽的说明书。 A Sentence

55 e.g. He got a job as a builder’s labourer. 他找到了一份建筑工人的工作。
Words & Phrases labourer 　　　 n. [C] someone whose work needs physical strength, for example building work 体力劳动者，工人 e.g. He got a job as a builder’s labourer. 他找到了一份建筑工人的工作。 Word family: labour n. 工会 labour union 劳动力 labour force 劳动密集的 labour-intensive 劳动力市场 labour market 劳资关系 labour relations Sentence

56 trifling a. not very important 不太重要的；无足轻重的
Words & Phrases trifling a. not very important 不太重要的；无足轻重的 e.g. 1. a trifling loss/defect/sum 微小的损失 / 小疵 / 微不足道的数目 2. Diseases of eyes cannot be regarded as trifling matters! 眼睛的病可不要当作儿戏！ Synonym: trivial Sentence

57 Words & Phrases gratify v. (fml) (usu. passive) make someone feel pleased and satisfied [正式]（一般用被动态）使满意；使满足 e.g. 1. We were gratified to learn that you had passed the examination. 获悉你已通过考试我们很高兴。 2. Now that he has a job in Japan he can gratify his desire to see Hokkaido. 既然他在日本有个工作，那就可以满足他看看北海道的渴望了。 Word family: gratification n. Sentence

58 Words & Phrases caprice n. [C, U] a sudden and unexpected change of opinion or behaviour without any good reason （意见或行为的）突然变化，反复无常 e.g. 1. the caprices of a spoilt child 一个被宠坏的孩子喜怒无常的性格 2. A hailstorm in July is a caprice of nature. 七月天的一场冰雹是大自然的反复无常的变化。 Sentence

59 Words & Phrases excitement n. 1) [C] sth. that makes sb. feel excited 令人激动（或兴奋）的事物；刺激因素 e.g. I found it difficult to sleep after all the excitements of the day. 我发现在经历了一天令人兴奋的事情后我很难入睡。 2) [U] the feeling of being excited 激动，兴奋 e.g. 1. The children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting Disneyland 想到要去迪士尼乐园孩子们就激动不已。 Word family: excite v.

60 additional a. extra, and often more than expected 附加的；额外的
Words & Phrases additional a. extra, and often more than expected 附加的；额外的 e.g. 1. He roped up his trucks for additional security. 为了更加安全，他把货车用绳捆牢。 2. The charge for the delivery is additional. 运费另计。 Synonym: extra Word family: add v. addition n.

61 satiation n. [U] satisfaction 满足；厌腻
Words & Phrases satiation n. [U] satisfaction 满足；厌腻 e.g. There is no real reason to expect "satiation" at any level of per capita income that I can foresee. 就我看来，不管人均收入水平如何，人们都不会感到“满足”。 Word family: satiate v. supply (someone) with as much as or more of sth. than is desired or can be managed 使满足；使餍足 e.g. He folded up his newspaper, his curiosity satiated. 好奇心满足之后，他叠起报纸。

62 Words & Phrases frantically ad. in a hurried, excited, and chaotic way, typically because of the need to act quickly 慌忙地；匆忙地 e.g. The dog ran to his master frantically. 狗发疯似地朝主人跑去。 Word family: frantic a. e.g. 1. I've had a frantic rush to get my work done. 我急急忙忙地赶完工作。 2. He made frantic dash for the departing train. 他发疯似地冲向正开出的火车。

63 avenging a. 报复的；报仇的 e.g. The attacks were seen as an avenging action.
Words & Phrases avenging a. 报复的；报仇的 e.g. The attacks were seen as an avenging action. 这些袭击被视为一种报复性行为。 Word family: avenge v. (fml) react to sth. wrong that has been done to you, your family, or your friends by punishing the person who did it [正式]报复；为……报仇 e.g. 1. Hamlet planned to avenge his father. 哈姆雷特计谋为父报仇。 2. She avenged her mother's death upon the murderer. 他惩处了凶手，为母亲报了仇。 Word family: avenger n. Sentence

64 boredom n. [U] the feeling of being bored 厌烦；厌倦；无聊
Words & Phrases boredom n. [U] the feeling of being bored 厌烦；厌倦；无聊 e.g. 1. He traveled extensively to escape from boredom. 他到处旅游以解烦闷。 2. Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom. 失业会让你无聊得发疯。 Word family: bored a. boring a. bore v. Sentence

65 clatter n. & v. 1) n. (sing) the noisy and loud sound 喧哗声
Words & Phrases clatter n. & v. 1) n. (sing) the noisy and loud sound 喧哗声 e.g. The midday clatter of the business district attracted the girl. 正午时分商业区的喧闹声吸引了那个女孩。 2) v. make or cause to make a continuous rattling sound （使）发出撞击声 e.g. Do not clatter your knives and forks . 不要让你的刀叉碰击出声。 Sentence

66 industrious a. (fml) always working very hard 勤劳的；勤奋的
Words & Phrases industrious a. (fml) always working very hard 勤劳的；勤奋的 e.g. 1. A good head and an industrious hand are worth gold in any land. 聪明脑袋勤劳手，走遍天下贵如金。 2. Fortunately his wife was a good needlewoman, and as sober and industrious as himself. 幸亏他的妻子是个缝纫能手，而且象他一样稳重、勤俭。 Synonym: hardworking

67 Words & Phrases secondly ad. used for introducing the second in a series of two or more things（用于列举）第二，其次 firstly e.g. I don't think I am going today. Firstly, I am feeling a bit tired; secondly, I have been there several times before. 我想今天不去了，一则我有点累，二则我去过好几趟了。

68 Words & Phrases compensation n. 1) [C, U] [~ of/for] sth. that changes or removes the bad result of sth. 抵消；补偿 e.g. Linda's aggressiveness is just a compensation for her feelings of insecurity. 琳达的争强好胜只是为了掩饰她缺乏安全感。 2) [U] money that someone receives because sth. bad has happened to them 补偿金；赔偿金 e.g. The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation. 陪审团判给泰勒170万美元的赔偿费。

69 Word family: compensate v. Translate the following sentences.
Words & Phrases Word family: compensate v. Translate the following sentences. 1. Nothing can compensate for losing her husband. 她失去丈夫的损失是无法弥补的。 2. Employers have to compensate their workmen for injuries. 工人负伤，雇主必须赔偿。 3. Because my left eye is so weak, my right eye has to work harder to compensate. 因为我左眼视力差，右眼就必须辛苦点来弥补一下。

70 Words & Phrases sustenance n. [U] 1) (fml) the maintaining of someone or something in life or existence 生计 e.g. The old man kept two or three cows for the sustenance of his family. 老人养了两三头奶牛维持家里的生计。 2) food and drink 食物；营养 e.g. The earth brings forth large crops every year for the sustenance of man and beast. 大地每年生产出大量的农作物，供人畜食用。 Sentence

71 Words & Phrases grudge n. & vt. 1) n. [C] [~ against] a feeling of anger towards someone because they have done something to you that does not seem right or fair 不满；积怨 e.g. There was no one as far as you know who had a personal grudge against her. 就我所知，她没有跟任何人有私仇。 have/bear/hold a grudge harbor/nurse a grudge personal grudge 心存不满，有怨恨 怀恨在心 私愤

72 2) vt. give something without wanting to 勉强地给；不情愿做 e.g.
Words & Phrases 2) vt. give something without wanting to 勉强地给；不情愿做 e.g. 1. I grudge paying so much for such inferior goods. 我不愿花这么多钱买次品。 2. He grudged the work and time that the meeting involved. 他不愿为会议费时费力。 Word family: grudging a. grudgingly ad. Sentence

73 Words & Phrases enforced a. happening because of a situation that you cannot control or prevent 被迫的；强制的 e.g. 1. enforced separation 2. enforced obedience Word family: enforce v. enforcement n. 1. Don't enforce your will on the child, please. 请别把你的意愿强加给这孩子。 2. We will seek enforcement of judgment. 我们将请求执行判决。 强制隔离期 强迫性的服从 Sentence

74 Words & Phrases interruption n. [C, U] sth. that someone says or does that stops someone else when they are speaking or concentrating on sth. 打断；中断 e.g. 1. An interruption put it quite out of my head. 一打岔我就把这事全忘了。 2. Many interruptions have prevented me from finishing the work. 许多打岔的事使得我未能完成这项工作。 Word family: interrupt v. interruptive a. e.g. My studies were interrupted by the war. 我的学业由于战争而中断。 Sentence

75 Words & Phrases absorbing a. sth. that is absorbing is so entertaining that you give it all your attention 非常吸引人的；引人入胜的 e.g. These visits had rapidly become the most important, the most absorbing thing in Catherine’s life. 这些访问在凯瑟琳的生活中已迅速成为最重要、最令人神往的事。 Word family: absorb v absorbed a. 1. The movement and noise of the machines ________ him completely. 2. Judith lay on the settee, ________ in her book. absorbed absorbed Sentence

76 Words & Phrases vocation n. 1) [C] a job that you do because you feel it is your purpose in life and for which you have special skills （视为人生目标的）工作，职业 e.g. You should be an actor—you've missed your vocation. 你应该当演员——你入错行了。 2) [~ for] the feeling that the purpose of your life is to do a particular type of work, especially because it allows you to help other people 使命感；天职 e.g. She seems to have a vocation for healing. 看来她具备治病救人的才能。 Sentence

77 Words & Phrases outlook n. 1) [~ for] (sing) an idea about what a situation will be like in the future 展望；前景 e.g. The outlook for the economy is bright. 经济前景光明。 2) [~ on] your general attitude to things （对事物总体的）观点，看法 偏狭的观念 a provincial outlook 世俗的看法 a worldly outlook 世界观 world outlook 后现代文化观 postmodern culture outlook

78 diversion n. 1) [C, U] a change in the use or purpose of sth. 用途的改变
Words & Phrases diversion n. 1) [C, U] a change in the use or purpose of sth. 用途的改变 e.g. the illegal diversion of profits from secret arms sales 秘密武器销售利润的非法转移 2) [C] sth. intended to distract someone's attention from sth. more important 转移注意力的事物；分心的事物 e.g. The person's talk created a diversion of attention. 这个人的话分散了人们的注意力。 Word family: divert v. e.g. The cartoon diverted the children. 那部卡通片转移了孩子们的注意力。

79 banish vt. 1) get rid of sth. 排除；消除 e.g.
Words & Phrases banish vt. 1) get rid of sth. 排除；消除 e.g. 1. His assuring words helped to banish my fear. 他的安慰话帮我排除了恐惧。 2. All thoughts of romance were banished from her head. 她清除了脑中所有的浪漫想法。 2) [~ from/to] officially order someone to leave a country or region as a punishment 放逐；把……驱逐出境 e.g. Thousands were banished to Siberia. 成千上万的人被流放到西伯利亚。 Sentence

80 catch hold of: suddenly start holding someone or something 突然抓住某物，夺得某物
Words & Phrases catch hold of: suddenly start holding someone or something 突然抓住某物，夺得某物 grab/seize hold of e.g. 1. Catch hold of this rope when I throw it to you. 我把绳子扔给你时，抓住它。 2. When the opportune chances come, he would catch hold of them. 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。 Sentence

81 Words & Phrases let sth. go: 1) stop thinking or feeling angry about sth. that is upsetting someone （烦心的事）不再考虑；不予理会 e.g. You want my advice? Let it go. 想听听我的建议吗？别去想了。 2) [~ of] stop holding something or someone 放手，松开 e.g. I think you ought to let go of the dog. 我看你应该放掉这条狗。 Sentence

82 at hand: 1) close to you and easy to reach 在手边，在附近
Words & Phrases at hand: 1) close to you and easy to reach 在手边，在附近 e.g. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand. 2) likely to happen soon 可能很快发生的 e.g. 1. Election day is at hand. 大选日即将到来。 2. A major international crisis is at hand. 一个严重的国际危机即将出现。 她写作时总放本辞典在手边。 Sentence

83 Words & Phrases it’s no use (in) doing sth.: spoken used to tell someone not to do something because it will have no effect [口]做某事没有用 e.g. 1. It's no use quarrelling about it with me. 为这事和我吵没有用。 2. It's no use citing the Bible to somebody who doesn't believe in God. 对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。 3. It’s no use complaining your parents are not rich. 抱怨父母穷是没有用的。

84 take an interest in: be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣
Words & Phrases take an interest in: be interested in sth. 对……感兴趣 e.g. 1. Farmers always take an interest in the weather. 农民对天气总是很关心。 2. The government should take an active interest in the healthy growth of the younger generation 政府应当关心年轻一代的健康成长。

85 Words & Phrases broadly speaking: used for saying that something is true in the most important ways 大体上来说 e.g. 1. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. 大体来说，美国和欧洲是步调一致的。 2. Broadly speaking, the Englishman is quiet, shy and reserved person. 一般说来，英国人安静、怕羞、不苟言笑。

86 to death: (infml) very or very much 极度
Words & Phrases to death: (infml) very or very much 极度 e.g. 1. She nagged him to death. 她唠叨得把他烦死了。 2. She was scared to death of what might happen next. 她对接下来可能会发生的事怕得要命。 3. They just work you to death in that place. 在那地方他们会让你干活直到精疲力竭为止。

87 tire out: make someone very tired 使……十分疲劳；把……累垮
Words & Phrases tire out: make someone very tired 使……十分疲劳；把……累垮 e.g. 1. All that walking tired me out. 走了那么多路，把我累坏了。 2. The old veteran could tire out the most robust sportsman . 这位久经沙场的老将能把最强壮的运动员拖得筋疲力尽。 Sentence

88 Words & Phrases as for: used for introducing a subject that is related to what you have just been talking about 关于；至于 e.g. 1. You can ask the others, but as for myself, I'll be busy in the office. 你可以去问问其他人，至于我嘛，就在办公室里忙呗。 2. As for you, I refuse to have any dealings with you. 至于你，我不想跟你打任何交道。

89 lay one’s hands on: find or get something 把……弄到手
Words & Phrases lay one’s hands on: find or get something 把……弄到手 e.g. 1. He keeps everything he can lay his hands on. 他占有每一样能得到手的东西。 2. It is very difficult to lay one’s hands on cheap whiskey these days. 近来很难搞到廉价的威士忌酒。

90 in vain: 1) without success 没有成功；徒劳 e.g.
Words & Phrases in vain: 1) without success 没有成功；徒劳 e.g. 1. Police searched in vain for the missing gunman. 警方搜寻失踪的持枪歹徒，但毫无结果。 2. We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我们试图使他改变主意, 结果是白费心机。 2) in a way that has no purpose or meaning 无目的地；无意义地 e.g. He swore that his son's death would not be in vain. 他发誓他的儿子不会白死。

91 Words & Phrases at (regular) intervals: with (regular) time, space between 不时；每隔……时间（或距离） e.g. 1. Buses leave at short intervals. 公共汽车每隔很短时间就开出。 2. He visits me at regular intervals. 他总是间隔一定时间就来看我一次。 3. The path is marked with rocks at intervals. 小路每隔一定的距离就有石头做标记。 Sentence

92 Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔（英国保守党政治家，著作家，首相）
Words & Phrases Winston Churchill 　　　　　 温斯顿·丘吉尔（英国保守党政治家，著作家，首相） Winston Churchill (1874–1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to Churchill was also a keen bricklayer, painter and writer. He is the only British Prime Minister who has ever won the Nobel Prize for Literature (in 1953). During 1956–1958 he completed A History of the English Speaking Peoples.

93 Words & Phrases the Roaring Lion

94 Churchill’s Paintings
Words & Phrases Churchill’s Paintings

95 Painting as a Pastime (Title)
Language Points Painting as a Pastime (Title) 《绘画消遣》 The title makes use of alliteration (头韵) – having words starting with the same sounds close together – for titles and headlines. For example, Learning for Leisure, Having a Hobby, Finding Fun, Spending Spare Time.

96 Language Points Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go. As a tired, hurt muscle twitches uncontrollably, a worried mind keeps on returning to its worry and cannot leave it alone. 烦恼是感情的发作；此时大脑缠住了某种东西不肯 放手。 翻译：

97 It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition.
Language Points It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. It is impossible to persuade yourself to calm down and stop worrying. Nothing can make yourself reasonable enough to feel better. 翻译： 在这种情况下，和头脑争论（让它放手）是无用的。

98 The stronger the will, the more futile the task.
Language Points The stronger the will, the more futile the task. If you have always been a strong-minded and determined person, you seem to have less chance to relax yourself when you worry about something. 愿望越强烈，与之争论就越是徒劳。 The more/less …, the more/less … 越……，就越…… e.g. The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer. 战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。 翻译：

99 Language Points One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. All you can do is cleverly turn your attention away to something else. (The metaphor in the passage is of the mind taking hold of a worry and only dropping it when something else is cleverly placed in its hands.) Insinuate implies indirect action. The mind cannot be ordered but must be tricked and distracted. 翻译： 你只能温和地将另一种东西慢慢灌输到痉挛状态的 头脑中。

100 Language Points … if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins. The only solution is to find another topic. If it is interesting and attracts the mind, it will replace the worry and the mind can start to heal. 如果（这一东西）选得恰当，而且它真的从另一领域的情趣中受到启迪的话，那么逐渐地，往往也是迅速地，原先不适当的“不肯放手”就会慢慢放松，恢复和补救的过程就会开始。 翻译：

101 Language Points But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. You cannot just suddenly decide on a new hobby and succeed at it just by wanting to and without practice and preparation. 但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭意志力就能做到的 事情。 翻译：

102 Language Points The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed. We cannot develop a hobby suddenly; it is a long process. Churchill expresses this by means of the metaphor of growing something. We must plant seeds in the right place and water and care for the plant as it grows. Only then will we finally get a harvest. 要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，种子就 必须精挑细选，必须播种在肥沃的土壤里，还必须辛勤 地护理。 翻译：

103 Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort.
Language Points Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. If you always put it later to find a real interest, you are only making it more impossible to relax yourself. 这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。 翻译：

104 Language Points It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort … to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. The examples are used to support that new forms of interest must be carefully chosen and real. 对于卖了一周力气、流了一周汗水的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午踢足球或打垒球是不合适的。同样，对于工作了六天、一直为公务操心的政界人士、专业人员或商人来说，在周未再让他们为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而操心劳累也是无益的。 翻译：

105 … who can gratify every caprice …
Language Points … who can gratify every caprice … … who can have anything they might want even if only for a moment … 翻译： ……能够肆意妄为的人……

106 … to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.
Language Points … to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. … they try to escape boredom by rushing around, hoping noise and activity will solve their problem. 翻译： ……靠喧闹和骚动来摆脱无聊对他们的报复。

107 … not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure …
Language Points … not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure … … not only a means of making a living, but also an ability to enjoy themselves even with simple pleasures … 翻译： ……不仅是谋生的手段，也使他们对寻找快乐充满了渴望……

108 But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class.
Language Points But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. But the luckiest people are those in the second class. Fortune is a Roman goddess who gave people their fates in life; her favoured children are those she treats best. 但是，幸运之神偏爱的是第二类人。 翻译：

109 Language Points … and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. … if you love your work, a day off will not be welcome but seen as an interruption to what really matters and gives pleasure. A break with a hobby is still a good thing. ……当普通节日来到时，他们会感到厌恶，因为这强行打断了他们埋头从事的工作。 翻译：

110 Language Points … it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds. For those who consider their work their pleasure, it is of more importance to retreat from their work now and then to have a rest. ……把工作当作乐趣的人，很可能是最需要每隔一段时间就把工作放下，让头脑放松的人。 翻译：

111 Reading and understanding
Exercises Reading and understanding Dealing with unfamiliar words Reading and interpreting Developing critical thinking

112 Reading and understanding
Exercises Reading and understanding 3. Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 4. Answer the questions.

113 Exercises 3. Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The American psychologist says that ______. (a) you can decide not to worry about something (b) only people with a strong will can stop worrying (c) to stop worrying you have to think of something else (d) worrying is a useless emotion c

114 Exercises a 2 Churchill says that people in public life ______. (a) should take their hobbies seriously (b) should decide quickly what hobby to take up (c) should cultivate a garden (d) should change their hobbies regularly 3 Churchill suggests that hobbies ______. (a) require a lot of mental effort (b) are best started by older people (c) should relate to your work (d) must be things you enjoy doing d

115 Exercises c 4 Churchill recommends that in their spare time ______. (a) people who work with their hands should play football (b) politicians should think about unimportant things (c) people need a hobby that is different from their work (d) people who are bored can take lessons

116 Exercises 5 Churchill describes as “unfortunate” people who ______. (a) work extremely hard (b) have many worries (c) travel along a hopeful path (d) have almost everything they want 6 Churchill says that industrious people ______. (a) spend long hours at work (b) can be divided into two types (c) don’t like taking holidays (d) think work and pleasure must be different d b

117 2 Can you decide to stop worrying?
Exercises 4. Answer the questions. 1 Does the passage recommend particular hobbies? No, it explains how we lead different types of lives and have different leisure needs so general recommendations cannot be made. 2 Can you decide to stop worrying? No, it is useless to argue with the mind.

118 Exercises 3 Are all hobbies beneficial? Why / Why not? No, it must suit you. Hobbies which do not suit you may cause harm instead of benefit. 4 Why is playing a sport not a good hobby for people who do hard work? It is too similar in being physically tiring.

119 Exercises 5 What sort of people need to do exciting things? As we need our pastimes to be unlike our daily lives, it is implied people who lead dull lives will need excitement, but such people are not to be confused with people who are bored because they have too much. Excitement only adds to their excess. 6 Who does Churchill describe as the most fortunate people? Those who love their work.

120 Dealing with unfamiliar words
Exercises Dealing with unfamiliar words 5. Match the words in the box with their definitions. 6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box. 7. Answer the questions about the underlined words.

121 5. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
Exercises 5. Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 happening because of a situation that you cannot control or prevent 2 something that you do regularly for fun in your free time 3 extra, and often more than expected 4 the view from a particular place (A common error is to take this to mean appearance, but it is what you look outwards and see either physically or mentally.) additional aggravate compensation enforced grip manual outlook pastime trifling (enforced) (pastime) (additional) (outlook)

122 additional aggravate compensation enforced
Exercises 5 to make something bad become worse 6 not very important 7 something that changes or removes the bad result of something 8 involving the use of your hands 9 a firm strong hold additional aggravate compensation enforced grip manual outlook pastime trifling (aggravate) (trifling) (compensation) (manual) (grip)

123 1 I’ve been working very hard, and now I’m _________.
Exercises 6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box. 1 I’ve been working very hard, and now I’m _________. 2 I held on to it for as long as I could, but in the end I had to ________. 3 We need a change, we’re bored ________ with doing the same thing every day. 4 Everything I need is ________ so I can reach everything quickly and easily. at hand in vain lay one’s hands on let it go tire out to death tired out let it go to death at hand

124 6 All our efforts were ________, the task was impossible.
Exercises 5 We gathered all the sticks we could ______________ and made a big fire. 6 All our efforts were ________, the task was impossible. at hand in vain lay one’s hands on let it go tire out to death lay our hands on in vain

125 7. Answer the questions about the underlined words.
Exercises 7. Answer the questions about the underlined words. 1 The stronger the will, the more futile the task. Does a strong will make the task likely to be (a) successful, or (b) unsuccessful? 2 … often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes … Does the grip relax (a) quickly, or (b) slowly? 3 The cultivation of a hobby … Is the hobby being (a) grown like a plant, or (b) made like an object? 7. Answer the questions about the underlined words. 1 The stronger the will, the more futile the task. Does a strong will make the task likely to be (a) successful, or (b) unsuccessful? 2 … often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes … Does the grip relax (a) quickly, or (b) slowly? 3 The cultivation of a hobby … Is the hobby being (a) grown like a plant, or (b) made like an object?

126 4 … those who are toiled to death …
Exercises 4 … those who are toiled to death … Do these people do (a) hard physical work, or (b) lots of different things? 5 … they rush frantically round from place to place … Are they acting (a) calmly, or (b) hurriedly? 6 … trying to escape from avenging boredom … Is boredom (a) punishing them, or (b) rewarding them? 4 … those who are toiled to death … Do these people do (a) hard physical work, or (b) lots of different things? 5 … they rush frantically round from place to place … Are they acting (a) calmly, or (b) hurriedly? 6 … trying to escape from avenging boredom … Is boredom (a) punishing them, or (b) rewarding them?

127 Do the people (a) look forward to holidays, or (b) hate holidays?
Exercises 7 … ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions … Do the people (a) look forward to holidays, or (b) hate holidays? 8 … the need of … a diversion of effort, is essential. Is it necessary to (a) concentrate on a task, or (b) change what you’re doing? 9 … banishing it at intervals from their minds. Do they want to (a) think about work, or (b) forget about work? 7 … ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions … Do the people (a) look forward to holidays, or (b) hate holidays? 8 … the need of … a diversion of effort, is essential. Is it necessary to (a) concentrate on a task, or (b) change what you’re doing? 9 … banishing it at intervals from their minds. Do they want to (a) think about work, or (b) forget about work?

128 Reading and interpreting Reading and interpreting
Exercises Reading and interpreting 8. Look at the sentences from the passage and decide what the underlined words refer to. 1 … the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go. (a) the mind (b) something 2 One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. (a) the mind’s (b) the hand’s Reading and interpreting 8. Look at the sentences from the passage and decide what the underlined words refer to. 1 … the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go. (a) the mind (b) something 2 One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. (a) the mind’s (b) the hand’s

129 5 They have their compensations. (a) the people (b) the long hours
Exercises 3 But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day … (a) the cultivation of a hobby (b) a policy of first importance 4 Of these the former are the majority. (a) the first class of people (b) the two classes of people 5 They have their compensations. (a) the people (b) the long hours 6 … those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds. (a) pleasure (b) work 3 But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day … (a) the cultivation of a hobby (b) a policy of first importance 4 Of these the former are the majority. (a) the first class of people (b) the two classes of people 5 They have their compensations. (a) the people (b) the long hours 6 … those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds. (a) pleasure (b) work

130 Developing critical thinking
Exercises Developing critical thinking 9. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What sort of things do you worry about and how do you stop yourself worrying about these things? I worry about, for example, money, examinations, assignments etc. I stop myself worrying about them by going for walks or runs, listening to music, visiting scenic spots. 2 Do you agree that it is important to have pastimes to help you relax? Yes. This is what I do when I am worried and I find it works.

131 Exercises 3 What sort of hobbies would you suggest for someone who does hard physical work? Quite a few: listening to music, fishing, kite-flying etc. 4 Do you agree with Churchill’s division of people into three classes? Physical labour, mental labour, no labour – it is only offered as a broad classification. 5 Do you think it is possible to have work which is also pleasure? Yes though hard. It seems few people are doing work which meanwhile brings them pleasure. If you are one, you are lucky.

132 Extension Activities Read the following excerpt from Painting as a Pastime by Winston Churchill. How are you impressed by his idea about painting? Painting is complete as a distraction. I know of nothing which, without exhausting the body, more entirely absorbs the mind. Whatever the worries of the hour or the threats of the future, once the picture has begun to flow along, there is no room for them in the mental screen. They pass out into shadow and darkness. All one’s mental light, such as it is, becomes concentrated on the task.

133 Extension Activities Time stands respectfully aside, and it is only after many hesitations that luncheon knocks gruffly at the door. When I have had to stand up on parade, or even, I regret to say, in church, for half an hour at a time, I have always felt that the erect position is not natural to man, has only been painfully acquired, and is only with fatigue and difficulty maintained. But no one who is fond of painting finds the slightest inconvenience, as long as the interest holds, in standing to paint for three or four hours at a stretch.

134 Extension Activities Now watch the video clip and answer the questions using the key words only. 1 How did Churchill start painting? canvas, paints, peer at, take up 2 What does Churchill tell the readers in his book Painting as a Pastime? life stage, something new, relief from stress 3 What once happened between Churchill and President Roosevelt in the WWII? nature, urge, schedule, roof top, sunset, rejoice 4 What can we see in Churchill’s paintings according to the lecturer? unique insight, a glimpse into, optimism

135 Thank you