名词复习
[误] Can you give me the newspaper of today? [正] [析]加 's 构成所有格的名词一般应 指有生命的人或物。如: Mary's hair , 但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离 等名词的所有格多用 's 来构成而不用 of 结构。如: a five minutes' walk. Can you give me today's newspaper?
[误] Please make a room for the lady in the school bus. [析] 英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和 多种含意的, 如: room 为可数名词时为 “ 房间 ” ,如: I live in Room 5. 而 room 为抽象名词时为空间上面 一句话应译为 “ 请给老妇人在校车上留个地 方。 ” 这样的词还有: glass 玻璃 glasses 眼 镜 stone 石头 a stone 一块石头 time 时间 two times 两次 wood 木头 woods 树林 Please make room for the lady in the school bus.
[误] My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning. [析]英语中有些名词单复同形,如: fish, deer, sheep, Chinese ( 中国人 ), means ( 方法 ) 。所以应讲 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲 There are five fishes in the pool. 应译为 池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.
[误] Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend. [析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式, 如: thanks, greens , 而有些词单数形 式与复数形式有不同的词意。如 :clothes 为衣服,而 cloth 则是布, sand 沙子,而 sands 是沙滩。 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.
[ 误] We have five German in this meeting. [正] We have five Germans in this meeting. [析]英国人 Englishman 的复数形式为 Englishmen ,而 German 则要加 s ,因为它不 是由国名与 man 的组合词。 [误] There are two As in this word. [析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应 加 s ,但如字母是 A 、 I 时,为了防止与 As 和 Is 相混,则要用 's 即 A's , I's There are two A's in this word.
[误] We have many woman teachers in our school. [析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词 变为复数如: half brother—half brothers( 同父异母或同母异父的 兄弟 )daughter in law—daughters in law,( 儿媳 ) 但要注意的是: man driver—men drivers( 男司机 ) woman doctor—women doctors( 女大夫 )grown up—grown ups( 成年人 ) 但是 boy student— 则变为 boy students We have many women teachers in our school.
[误] Physics are very difficult to learn. [正] Physics is very difficult to learn. [析]虽以 s 结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学, 学科名字: Physics. Mathematics politics 游戏名称: bowls 专有名称: Niagara Falls( 尼亚加拉瀑布 ) 其 他名词: news( 消息,新闻 ) [误] There is a people in the room. [正] There is a person in the room. [正] There is a man in the room. [析] people 是复数名词,不可用作单数,如要用 来讲一个人时应用 a person, a man, a woman 。同 样的词有 police. 要讲一个警察时则要用 a policeman, a policewoman 。
[误] There are many fruit in the shop. [正] There are many fruits in the shop. [析]物质名词为不可数名词,但是用 来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词,这 里应译为各种各样的水果。 [误] There is a new car. It is Jone's and Mary's. [正] There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.
[析]有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加 's 如: Mary's car. 如果是以 s 结尾的复数名词则只在 s 后面加 ’ 如: teachers' offices. 如果是复数名词但不是以 s 结尾,则只 加 ’s ,如: children's palace 组合名词的所有格是在最后 一个词尾加 's 如: girl friend —girl friend's someone else—someone else's a week or three—a week or three's 如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上, 如: It is my girl friend, Mary's car. 要注意的是当两个名词 并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面 加 's ,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加 's ,如: This is Mary and Jone's home. 即 Mary 与 Jone 是一家人。 这是他们共同的家。而 These are Mary's and Jone's homes. 则应译为这里是 Mary 的家与 Jone 的家。
[误] He is an old friend of my father. [正] He is an old friend of my father's. [析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法 去推理。如: This pen is Tom's. [误] My father is a good cooker. [正] My father is a good cook. [析]一般动词加上 er 后则转意为执行该动作的执 行者,如 :teach( 教 )—teacher( 老师 ),think( 想 )— thinker( 思想家 ),drive( 开车 )—driver( 司 机 ),sell( 卖 )—seller( 卖物者 )…… 但不能总是以此类 推,比如 cook 是动词 “ 做饭 ” 。而 cook 也可作为名词 “ 厨师 ” 讲,而 cooker 则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、 勺等做饭用具。 Please make room for the lady in the school bus.
[误] The young is dancing there. [正] The young are dancing there. [析]英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应 按复数名词,如: the rich 富人, the poor( 穷 人 ),the wise 聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来 表示事物则要用作单数名词,如: The beautiful is still here. 美丽的风景依旧。 [误] The stories of the book was written many years ago. [正] The stories of the book were written many years ago. [析]这句话的真正主语应是 stories ,所以应用复 数谓语动词。 Please make room for the lady in the school bus.
[误] This is one of the English Chinese dictionary. [析] one of 意为 “…… 之一 ” , of 后面的名词 要用复数形式。 [误] Let's go to Uncle Wang for supper. [析] uncle Wang's 意为 “ 王叔叔家 ” , doctor's 意为 “ 医院或私人诊所 ” 。 This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries. Let's go to Uncle Wang's for supper.
[误] The teacher with five students are coming here. [析]要注意由 with 引出的介词短语 不是本句的主语,这与连词 and 有很 大的区别,如: The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里 由介词引出的短语仅仅是 teacher 的 修饰语。 [正] The teacher with five students is coming here.
[误] The Browns is going to visit China. [析]定冠词加姓加 s ,则意为 “Brown 先生一家人 ” 。所以应用复数 谓语动词。此句应译为: Brown 先生 一家将要访问中国。 [正] The Browns are going to visit China.
Hurry up!There is ___ time left. A little B a little C few D a few [析]因 time 作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不 可用 few , a few 来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与 中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文 要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用 little 而不用 a little.
The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is ___. A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green [析]英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名 字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是 由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所 起的,但都可称作 given name, 而姓在英文中是 family name.
How many ___ can you see in the picture? A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato [析] 用 How many 提问时,其名词要用 复数形式,而 tomato 的复数要加 es.
__ is the meat. Please? Ten yuan a kilo. A How much B How many C How old D How long 由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。 钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是 多少都是不可数名词,要用 how much 提问
There isn't ___ paper in the box. Will you go and get ___ for me? A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any any 用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说 话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中 要用 some 而不要按一般语法规律用 any.
All the students are busy, so ___ of them will go to the cinema. A many B little C a few D few student 是可数名词,而 few 用于可数名词,意为: 几乎没有学生去电影院。
There are three ___ and seven _ __ in the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps deer 与 sheep 均是单复同形的名词。
Whose room is this? It's ___. A my B Kike's and John's C our D Kike and John's 因为 room 为单数,所以不可能是 Kike 的一间与 John 的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。