信心百倍迎高考
How to write English composition ———应用文之写作方法
2014年高考考试大纲的说明对写作所提的要求是： 考生应能准确使用语法和词汇 语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接的影响到信息的准确传输。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。 使用一定的句型，词汇，清楚连贯的表达自己的意思 任何一篇文章都有一个主体，作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型，词汇的支持，清楚，连贯的表达意思。
简单句的五种基本句型： S + V 2. S + V + O 3. S + V + O + O 4. S + V + P 5. S + V + O + O. C
She came from a small village. 简单变复合要多练 长短结合形神美 Rose is a poor girl. She is from a village. She is fond of music. Rose was a poor girl. . She was fond of music. She came from a small village. Rose, a poor girl from a small village, was fond of music. Rose, a poor girl coming from a small village, was fond of music. Rose, a poor girl, who came from a small village, was fond of music. Rose was fond of music, who was a poor girl from a small village.
James is a famous expert on Psychology. He used to work at Duke University in the USA. Now he works as a professor at Beijing University. James, a famous expert on psychology from Duke University in the USA, works as a professor at Beijing University. James, from Duke University of the USA, is a famous psychology expert, working as a professor at Beijing University. James, a famous psychology expert, is now working at Beijing University, who used to work at Duke University in the USA.
·多使用过渡性词语使句子连贯 表列举：for example, for instance, that is to say, firstly,secondly, last but not the least, finally 表补充：besides, in addition, moreover, what’ more 表对比：on one hand…on the other hand, in spite of 表原因：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to 表结果：therefore, thus, as a result, so 表结论：to conclude, in a word, in brief, to sum up 表转折：however, nevertheless, yet
考前整理出书面表达中常用的高级词汇50个左右和高级句型10道20个，方便考试时使用。 句型：倒装句，强调句型， 非谓语动词， 固定句型结构, 同位语 too…to… so…that… such a…that… not only…but also… neither…nor… such as… not …until… so that… either…or… 高等级词汇及短语 excite，obtain，be keen on, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact ,as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat.
2010 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。 主题：人与自然 时间：6月15日下午2∶00～5∶00 地点：501教室 参赛选手：10名学生 联系人：李华(电话44876655) 欢迎大家光临
2009 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住 在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson写一留言条，内容包括： 1．外出购物 2．替房东还书 3．Tracy来电话留言：1)咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消 2)此事已告知Susan 3)尽快回电 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
2008 假如你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫（panda），一直通过有关网站（website）关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信： 1.自我介绍； 2.祝贺苏琳生日； 3.感谢工作人员； 4.索取苏琳三岁生日照。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，发使行文连贯； 3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Sir/Madam, Greetines trom China!
2007 假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括： 年龄； 性别； 爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。 注意：1．词数100 左右； 2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3． 开头语已为你写好。 Dear Peter, I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
2006 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Ｂｏｂ的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图 书馆的基本情况。内容包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Ｂｏｂ的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图 书馆的基本情况。内容包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 注意： １．词数１００左右； ２．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。 ３．开头已给出。
应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的一种文体，也是高考常考的文体之一。命题形式多为文字提示，写作形式有书信、（2010,2008,2007,2006），留言条，（2009）电子邮件、通知、（口头通知，书面通知）,演讲稿，日记等。
书信写作是高考中出现频率最高的一种题型。下面介绍一下几种常考书信的模板以及这几种书信写作时得注意事项供大家写作时借鉴。
例1 邀请信 2010 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。 英语演讲比赛 主题：人与自然 时间：6月15日下午2∶00～5∶00 地点：501教室 参赛选手：10名学生 联系人：李华(电话44876655) 欢迎大家光临
Dear Ms. Smith， I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union of Yucai Middle School，which is close to your university. I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2∶00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. I am looking forward to your reply. With best wishes. Li Hua
1.邀请信写作模板 Dear ________， How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a ________(内容) at/in ________ (地点) on ________ (时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at ________ (具体时间). This will be followed by a ________ (进一步的安排)．At around ________ (时间)，________ (另一个安排)． Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not, will you? I really hope you can make it. My phone number is ________. Looking forward to ________. Yours sincerely， Li Ming
例二 2009(假条留言条便条) 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住 例二 2009(假条留言条便条) 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住 在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs Wilson不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs Wilson写一留言条，内容包括： 1．外出购物 2．替房东还书 3．Tracy来电话留言：1)咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)见面取消 2)此事已告知Susan 3)尽快回电 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Mrs Wilson, I’m going out shopping, and won’t be back until about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about I o’clock this afternoon, Tracy called, saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that, but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. She has already told Susan about this change. Li Hua
I am so sorry that I won’t be able to 2. 留言条假条便条常用表达方式 I am so sorry that I won’t be able to I’ve come to …but it’s a pity that you happened to be out. I have to leave the note . By the way, …So I can’t …I hope you will have a good time . I have promised to meet him at the airport at 10:00 tomorrow morning. I wonder if it is possible … I wonder if you can …
例3 （2008） 假如你是李华，从小喜爱大熊猫（panda），一直通过有关网站（website）关注三年前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她母亲“白云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员写一封信： 1.自我介绍； 2.祝贺苏琳生日； 3.感谢工作人员； 4.索取苏琳三岁生日照。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，发使行文连贯； 3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Sir/Madam, Greetings trom China!
Dear madam, Greetings from China! I’m Li Hua, a student in Sichuan. I’ve been a panda lover since I was a child. About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I’ve been watching her grow on your website, now she’s going to be three. I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work, because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US. By the way , could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday? Thank you very much in advance. Yours truly. Li Hua
例4 2007 假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括： 年龄； 性别； 爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。 注意：1．词数100 左右； 2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3． 开头语已为你写好。 Dear Peter, I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
Dear Peter, I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor Dear Peter, I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor. I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country. I lood farward to hearing from you soon. Best regards, Li Hua
3.书信形式提纲式和话题作文常用表达方式 连接词的选用： but, both…, and, moreover, otherwise，besides,in addition First of all ,Secondly, Also, Furthermore, Last but not least 高级句型的选用： It is said (believed)that It is +adj.+to do sth. 强调句型 倒装 分词作状语
话题作文写作模板 Nowadays， there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____？ Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is ______. Besides，_____. The third one is _____. To sum up， the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing，_____. For another thing， _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.
例5 2006（说明文书信） 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Ｂｏｂ的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图 书馆的基本情况。内容包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 例5 2006（说明文书信） 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Ｂｏｂ的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图 书馆的基本情况。内容包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 注意： １．词数１００左右； ２．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。 ３．开头已给出。
Lying in the …, the city…. It covers a total area of … square kilometers with a population of about … million. It is a mainly … with … that have …. It is made up of …, in which …. Because it is famous for …, whose unique …, the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery. Located in the …[some place / area / country /continent]. It covers a total area of … square kilometers with a population of about … million. It is a mainly … [place/area/country] with …[something special about weather] that have …[description of the weather]. It is made up of …, in which …[some other buildings/famous places/…]. Because it is famous for …[something/someplace], whose unique …[something special], the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery. Lying in the …, the city…. It covers a total area of … square kilometers with a population of about … million. It is a mainly … with … that have …. It is made up of …, in which …. Because it is famous for …, whose unique …, the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery. Lying in the …, the city…. It covers a total area of … square kilometers with a population of about … million. It is a mainly … with … that have …. It is made up of …, in which …. Because it is famous for …, whose unique …, the tourists from all over the world come to enjoy its scenery.
Dear Bob Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it .The library is big .When you get inside ,you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects .There are also lots of newspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library. According to the rule ,every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days .It is open from 9 am to 7pm from Monday to Friday and closed on weekends. We all like our library very much. Best wishes, Li Hua
例6 道歉信 1.表示歉意； 2.解释原因； 3.另约时间。 注意：1 .词数 120—150； 2.可适当增加细节 例6 道歉信 （2010山东高考） 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件： 1.表示歉意； 2.解释原因； 3.另约时间。 注意：1 .词数 120—150； 2.可适当增加细节
Dear Tom, I am indeed very sorry that I can’t go to Beijing with you next weekend, which I have promised. I feel sorry for about it and want you to know what happened. Just now, my cousin, Li Qiong, who left home for Australia for his further study last year, informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family. You know, we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year. I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand me. I would appreciate you allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing. Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused. Yours sincerely, Li Hua
5．道歉信的写作模板 Dear________， I am truly sorry that ________ (道歉的原因)． The reason is that ________ (介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Yours sincerely， Li Ming
例7. 感谢信 (2010陕西高考) 假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了 例7. 感谢信 (2010陕西高考) 假定你是李华。你们学校和一所美国中学签署了 教师交流协议。在过去的一年里，你们的英文老师是来自这所中学的Sue Wood。不久前她返回美国任教。请你根据写作要点和要求给她写封电子邮件。 写作要点：1. 对她表示感谢之意； 2. 介绍她离开后你自己及班里发生的事情； 3. 希望了解她的近况。 要求： 1.词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分） 2. 内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 3. 书写须清晰、工整。 4. 邮件中不能体现本人真实信息。 Dear Sue, I’ m Li Hua, one of your students in China….__________________ ___________________________________________________________ All the best Li Hua
Dear Sue, I’ m Li Hua, one of your students in China. It’s almost a month since you left us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us when we were together. We are busy as usual. We had an English speech contest the other day. I won the first prize! This again reminds me of all your kind help. Do you still remember the trees we planted together on the hill behind the school ? Yesterday , we went there decided to name it Sue Wood. Will you come back to see Sue Wood? How is everything with you lately ? We hope to know more about you and your American students. Hope to keep close touch. All the best Li Hua
6．感谢信的写作模板 Dear ________， I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for ______ (感谢的原因)． If it had not been for your assistance in ________ (对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ______ (没有对方帮助的后果)． Everyone agrees that it was you who ________ (给出细节). Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Yours sincerely， Li Ming
例8 申请信 (2010天津高考) 假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信： 对此活动的认识（如对本人、学生及社会的益处） 个人优势（如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等） 你的计划（如怎样进行辅导等） 注意：1.词数不少于100； 2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯； 3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。 参考词汇：晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope School Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. ________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua
Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. I’m writing to apply for the opportunity to help the students in Chenxi Hope School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation. Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along with the students and benefit the whole school. I’m kind, easy-going and always ready to help others. I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence. English is my favorite subject and I’ve won several prizes in English contests. So I think I’m qualified for the position. I plan to communicate with the students first to know what they need. Besides, I’ll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories, singing songs, playing games and so on. I’d appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity.
6．申请信，求职信 Dear sir or madam， I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in ________(报纸名称) of ________(广告发布时间)． I am ________ from ________.As a/an ________，I have been ________.Besides，I won ________ in ____________.If you consider me appropriate for the job, please call me at ________. I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely， Li Ming
例9 发言稿 (2010·四川高考)假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。 例9 发言稿 (2010·四川高考)假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。 1．过去对成年的向往； 2．现在的感受和认识； 3．将来的目标及措施。 参考词汇：责任：responsibility 注意：1.词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。 ________
Good morning，everyone! The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grownup”． As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I'm a grownup，but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom，at the same time I realized that being a grownup not only means this，but also more responsibilities. I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal，I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university. Thank you for listening.
Dear fellow ________./Hello, everyone. 7.发言稿写作模板 Dear fellow ________./Hello, everyone. It's nice to speak about _______. I think ________. The reason is that _______. In my opinion, the first thing we can do ________. The second thing we can do ________. As for my suggestion, I think ________. If everyone ________， I am sure ________. Thank you for listening.
例10 口头通知 假如你是班长，根据下面的内容和提示，写一篇100左右的口头通知，以便向同学们宣布。 事由：欢迎澳大利亚学生来校参观。 例10 口头通知 假如你是班长，根据下面的内容和提示，写一篇100左右的口头通知，以便向同学们宣布。 事由：欢迎澳大利亚学生来校参观。 参观时间：6月15日上午9:00-12:00. 参观人数：约60人。 活动安排：1. 8:30在校门口。 2. 9:00带客人到会议室开联欢会。 3. 领客人参观植物园、校办工厂。 4. 11:00在操场进行篮球比赛。 5. 客人12:00离校。 注意事项：1. 对客人要友好。 2. 要用英语交谈。
Boys and girls, May I have your attention, please? About sixty Australian students will come to visit our school on June 15. We’ll meet them at the school gate at 8:30. We’ll take them to the meeting-room, where a get-together will be held. After that, we’ll show them around our botanical garden and the school-run factory. At11:00 there will be a basketball match on the playground. They’ll leave our school at 12:00. Please be friendly to them. We must talk with them in English. That’s all. Thank you.
May I have your attention, please? 8.口头通知特点： 口头的形式表达通知的内容，用词较口语化，句子不会太复杂，通常只需用一段话讲清其内容即可。 开头： May I have your attention, please? Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make. Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you. I have something (important) to tell you. I’m glad to tell you something important。 固定套话： Everyone is asked to be there on time. Be sure not to be late. Please be present on time. Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time. Those who are interested in it are warmly welcome.
Everybody is expected to attend it on time. 例11 书面通知 请根据提示写一份通知。 (1) 高二(5)在本周五晚上要开个英语晚会。 (2) 晚饭后6:30在教室集合，晚会7:00开始。 (3) 每个同学都要表演一个节目，内容不限。 (4) 欢迎老师和全班同学参加。 (5) 出通知的时间是2005年3月15日。 NOTICE An English evening party will be held on Friday Evening. Every one of our class is requested to be in the classroom at 6:30 after supper. The party will begin at 7:00 P.M. Each of the students should perform during the evening party. You may tell a story, sing a song, make a speech or read a poem and so on. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend our English evening. Everybody is expected to attend it on time. Class 5, Grade Two March 15, 2005
书面通知特点 句子结构相对口头通知会更复杂，尤其会使用一些非谓语动词短语(如用不定式表目的等)和从句(如if 从句、when从句、so that从句等)。 Everyone is required to be present on time. Everybody is expected to attend it on time. All teachers and students are required to…(全体师生务必要……) Notice is hereby given that…(兹通知……) Our school / The Student Union will / is going to hold… A lecture will be given at 7:00 this evening in…
标题 ①交代活动的主办单位和时间 ②概括描写活动内容 ③交代活动的主要目的 ④交代活动的持续时间 ⑤活动的具体时间 ⑥描述活动的具体活动 ⑦参加人员的主要任务 ⑧说明活动的参加条件 ⑨交代参加的联系方式 ⑩发出呼吁，诚邀参加 9．书面通知写作模板 NOTICE ①主办单位 will organize ________.②________.③This activity aims to ________. ④This activity is arranged to last ________ or so.⑤It is planned to begin on ________.⑥The team members will be arranged to ________.⑦Your main task is to ________. ⑧Anyone who ______ is welcomed warmly.⑨Those who interested can contact ________ for further information.⑩Looking forward to your active participation. 签发单位
口头通知和书面通知均可用的套话 The students of Senior Grade One will go to Jingshan Park on May 4. We will climb up the hill and have a picnic on the top of it. After that we will visit the famous botanical garden nearby. On July 22, Saturday, we will visit the following places — a school or a hospital. We will be divided into four groups and each group can visit one of the places.
PRACTICE 下面是有关英语滨讲比赛的信息，请据此用英语写一通知。 活动 英语演讲比赛Einglish-speading contest 目的 提高英语口语 组织者 学生全 参加范围 高中学生 报名时间 5月25日以前 比赛时间 6月9日4：00p.m. 比赛地点 教学楼五楼礼堂（auditorium） 评奖 前五名优胜者获奖 NOtic ____________________________________ ___________________________________
We are going to have an English-speaking contest for sen- ior students so as to improve our oral English. It will be held in the auditorium on the 5th floor in the teaching building at 4 p. m., June 9th. Those who want to take part in the contest are supposed to come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union before May 25th. All the senior students are welcome to join in the contest. The first five winners will be given prizes. Please try your best and get ready in time. Wish you success!
书面表达并非作文，只是 “书面” 的 “表达” 而已，所以只须表述清楚就行。 书面表达有四道 “工序”，即： 1)审题 2)草稿 3)誊写 4)核对
1. 审题要用心 1. 审题要用心 2.草稿要细心 3.誊写要小心 4. 核对要耐心
5.书面表达的写作规范 字:字体一致; 黑色字，字迹工整，少 用连笔；字占格2/3大小。 分段:最好三段, 至少两段。不接给出行 字:字体一致; 黑色字，字迹工整，少 用连笔；字占格2/3大小。 分段:最好三段, 至少两段。不接给出行 写, 另起段, 缩进两格,不顶格。 版面:整洁、爽目。忌超格，污记，涂黑 等。若须更改，可将错词括起来， 再于其上更正。每行11词左右。 套语:使用必要套语可使文章更具有英文 味，从而避免汉味的生硬和粗糙。
One cannot succeed without perseverance. 惟有意志强，方能凯旋还。