考题在线　　 (2009·山东省实验中学模拟) 2009年4月6日凌晨，意大利中部地区发生强烈地震，你对此很关注也很难过。但庆幸的是你远在意大利的笔友Peter一家都安然无恙。Peter了解到5·12汶川特大地震后，我国受灾地区的重建工作做得很好。所以他来信询问你作为一个青少年该做些什么，怎么帮助受难同胞。你回信慰问Peter，并且对Peter的问题给出了建议。词数120～150。

参考词汇：hit/strike，a rarely­seen disaster，volunteer，survivors ________________________________________________________________________

佳作诵读 Dear Peter， I'm awfully_sorry_to_hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown. However，it's comforting for me to know_that your_family are_all safe.

Last year，such a rarely­seen disaster struck my hometown as_well，but we never feel despaired.Instead，we are_still filled_with courage，hopes and_dreams.Now，a better hometown has been rebuilt.As a teenager，I think，we can do a lot.We can_assist doctors_and nurses_in taking_care of patients.Moreover，we can volunteer to_allocate foods_and clothes，and comfort those homeless survivors.What's_more，we can call on other teens to dance or sing for survivors or play with kids，taking their_mind off their sorrow for a while.Anyway，you just need to help_people to_the best_of your ability.Remember，I won't be_far away when_you need help.

Best wishes to you and your family. Yours， Li Hua

Ⅰ.高频单词点击 (用所给单词的适当形式填空) 1．The dam collapsed，________(flood)an area of 5000 square miles. 答案：flooding 2．I________(experience)many things on the trip. 答案：experienced 3．This house is supplied with much________(furnish)． 答案：furniture

4．A hurricane________(strike)that little island. 答案：struck 5．I was sure that I had seen him；I couldn't________(possible)have made a mistake on that point. 答案：possibly 6．It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last________(erupt)． 答案：erupted 7．The thought of giving a speech________(terrify)her. 答案：terrified

8．The bomb destroyed two buildings and had several others________(damage)． 答案：damaged 9．________(violence)criminals like that are a danger to society. 答案：Violent 10．He________(ruin)his exams by carelessness. 答案：ruined

Ⅱ.重点短语回顾 1． 捡起，拾起，用(车)接…… 2． 平均起来 3． 结果为…… ，以……结束 4． 发生 5． 放火(焚烧) …… 1． 　 捡起，拾起，用(车)接…… 2． 平均起来 3． 结果为…… ，以……结束 4． 发生 5． 放火(焚烧) …… 6． 总共；共计 pick up on average end up take place set fire to in all

[信息提取] where it was为地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where或wherever引导。 Ⅲ.常用句式必备 1．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. [信息提取]　where it was为地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where或wherever引导。 [例句仿写]　竹子在雨水充沛的地方长得好。 Bamboo grows well . where there is plenty of rain

[信息提取] causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries为v.­ing短语作结果状语。 2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. [信息提取]　causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries为v.­ing短语作结果状语。 [例句仿写]　他父母双亡，成了孤儿。 His parents died， an orphan. leaving him

[信息提取] 该句中16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide用来表示长度和宽度。 3．Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only 16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide. [信息提取]　该句中16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide用来表示长度和宽度。 [例句仿写]　这个洞深2米。 The hole is two metres . deep

4．破解疑难句 典句 What would you do if there was an earthquake in your town？ 分析 该句使用了虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟。条件状语从句中用过去式(be的过去式通常用were)，主句中谓语部分为would/should/could/might＋动词原形。 试译 如果你居住的城市发生了地震，你会做些什么？

1． ，we can solve the problem. 我们有望解决问题。 Ⅳ.交际用语必背 1． ，we can solve the problem. 我们有望解决问题。 2． ，the fire was put out soon after it started. 幸运的是，火刚着了不久就被扑灭了。 3． ，more than 5 deaths were found in the accident.不幸的是，至少5人被发现死于事故中。 Hopefully Fortunately/Luckily/Thankfully Sadly/Unfortunately

experience n．[C](一次)经历，体验；[U]经验；阅历vt.经受，体验，感受 1 experience n．[C](一次)经历，体验；[U]经验；阅历vt.经受，体验，感受

I had a bad experience with fireworks once. 我放烟火曾有过一次不愉快的遭遇。 My lack of practical  a disadvantage. 我缺少实际经验是个不利的条件。 He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以来初次体验到巨大的艰苦。 experience was

(1) have much teaching/working experience 　　　　　　　　　教学/工作经验丰富 from/by experience 凭经验；从经验中(得出) in one's experience 据某人的经验看 (2)experience in/of　在……方面的经验 (3) experienced adj.　　有经验的，熟练的 be experienced in 在……方面有经验

In my experience，a credit card is always useful. 就我的经验而言，信用卡总是有用的。 He  looking after animals. 他养动物很有经验。 【注意】　experience当“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；当“经历”讲时，是可数名词；当动词讲时，意为“体验，经历”，是及物动词。 is very experienced in

1．What________our journey was! A．exciting experience　　　B．excited experience C．an exciting experience D．an excited experience 解析：由句意知是“一次经历”，故experience为可数名词，且v.­ing修饰物，表示“令人……的”。 答案：C

bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；用……覆盖 2 bury sb./sth.in/at 将……埋葬在…… bury sth.under/beneath 将……埋在……下面 bury one's head/face in hands 用手捂住头/脸 bury oneself in＝be buried in 埋头干……

She buried her face in her hands and cried. 她双手蒙着脸哭了起来。 The thief buried the treasures under a pile of rocks. 小偷把珠宝埋在一堆岩石中。 After the divorce，she her work. 离婚后，她全心扑在工作上。 buried herself in

2．It is said that the old coins________under the earth for about 100 years by the time they were discovered. A．had buried　　　　　 B．had been buried C．buried D．were buried 解析：动词bury与主语是被动关系，由时间状语从句可知表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。 答案：B

Are we almost there？我们快到那里了吗？ 3 almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点 Are we almost there？我们快到那里了吗？ almost every/all　 几乎所有…… almost nobody/nothing 几乎没有 almost certainly 几乎可以肯定

Almost nobody saw it.几乎没人看见。 children like to read. 几乎所有的孩子都喜欢读书。 Almost nobody saw it.几乎没人看见。 Almost all

almost，nearly (1)单纯表“时间、程度、进度”与动词、形容词、副词连用时，almost＝nearly。 (2)修饰表示感觉或心理活动的动词或形容词多用almost；具体数字前面常用nearly。

(3)almost可与no，no one，none，nothing，nobody，never等表示否定意义的词语连用，但不能被not修饰；nearly一般用来修饰表示肯定意义的词语，不能与no，no one，none，nothing，nobody，never等词连用，但可与not连用，表示“远远不够，差得远”。 (4)nearly可表示快要做某事，但后来“没有做”或“避开不做”的情况；almost没有这种用法。

②This isn't as hard as the last test. ③The cause is certainly a virus. [以练促记] 用almost/nearly填空 ①They sold everything. ②This isn't as hard as the last test. ③The cause is certainly a virus. almost nearly almost

occur vi. 发生，出现 4

Didn't  you  your husband might be late？你当时没有想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？ I washed it in hot water—it never occurred to me to check the label.我用热水洗了一下，我从未想到去查看一下标签。 Didn't  you  your husband might be late？你当时没有想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？ They will take measures to guarantee against the occurrence of similar incidents in the future. 他们将会采取措施来保证将来不再发生类似的事件。 it occur to that

occur，happen，take place，break out　 (2)happen常用词语，指“事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生”，其后接不定式或用在It happened that...句型中，意为“恰好，碰巧，偶然”。

(3)take place指“发生了事先计划或预想到的事情”。 (4)break out指“(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生”。

用occur/happen/take place/break out填空 ①That accident yesterday. [以练促记] 用occur/happen/take place/break out填空 ①That accident yesterday. ②A fire during the night. ③The meeting at 8∶00 as planned. ④I suppose it never to you to phone the police. happened broke out took place occurred

ruin v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭n.毁灭；崩溃；(pl.)废墟，遗迹 5 ruin v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭n.毁灭；崩溃；(pl.)废墟，遗迹

She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood. 她回到家中，发现她所有的家具都被洪水毁掉了。 He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

(1)ruin oneself　　　　　　毁掉自己

His brother has let the farm go/fall/come to ruin. 他的弟弟使农场走向了破败。 The castle now . 这座城堡现在已成一片废墟了。 His brother has let the farm go/fall/come to ruin. 他的弟弟使农场走向了破败。 lies in ruins

ruin，damage，destroy 三者都含有“破坏；毁坏”的意思。 (1)ruin现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”，还可指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等”。 (2)damage指“不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复”。 (3)destroy指“彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复”。

①The heavy rain many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。 ②That town was in a big fire. [以练促记] 用damage/destroy填空 ①The heavy rain many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。 ②That town was in a big fire. 那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。 damaged destroyed

3．“If you go on stealing，you will________your future，young man！”said the judge. A．destroy B．damage C．ruin D．break 解析：ruin在句中表示抽象含义，意为“毁掉某人的名声、前途、希望等”。destroy彻底摧毁或毁灭；damage对物体的部分损伤或造成其功能的降低，但可以修复；break某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。 答案：C

cause n. 原因，起因；理由，缘故；事业，目标 6 cause n. 原因，起因；理由，缘故；事业，目标 v．导致，使发生 How many of them are sympathetic to our cause? 他们当中有多少人同情我们的事业？

(1) cause and effect　　　　 因果 the cause of ……的起因 cause for complaint 抱怨的理由 be in/for a good cause 为了正义事业 (2) cause...to do sth.　　　 导致……去做某事 cause sb.trouble/problems 　　　　　 给某人带来麻烦/问题

What was the cause of the accident? 那场事故的起因是什么？ Can you tell me the of it? 你能不能告诉他它的前因后果？ We still don't know what caused the computer to crash. 我们还不知道计算机死机的原因。 cause and effect

cause，reason　 二者都含有“原因”的意思。 (1)cause指“产生结果的原因”或“使某事发生的原因”。 (2)reason指“根据事实、情况或产生的结果，推导出结论的理由或道理”。 (3)cause表“理由，缘由”时，表示“具有某种特定感情”，“实施特定行为”的理由。此时cause为不可数名词，后可接for短语或不定式做定语；而reason为可数名词。

①The for the flood was all that heavy rain. [以练促记] 用cause/reason填空 ①The for the flood was all that heavy rain. ②Carelessness is the of his failure. reason cause

1 end up 以……结束，以……而告终 We were going to go out，but ended up watching videos. 我们原计划外出，但结果却是呆在家里看录像。

(1) end up with　 以……结束 end up in...　　以……结束(指以某种结果结束) (2) bring/put...to an end　使……终止 make ends meet 使收支相抵 on end 连续地；竖着，直立的 in the end 最后；终于 come to an end 到头，结束 from beginning to end 从头至尾

At the dinner we usually begin with soup and .在宴会上，通常开始的一道菜是汤，最后一道是水果。 He'll end up in prison if he's not careful. 如果他不小心早晚会锒铛入狱的。 Winning the competition put an end to his financial problems.在比赛中获胜使他的财政问题随之消失。 We talked and talked about where to go and stayed at home in the end. 我们东讨论西讨论要到哪里去，结果还是留在了家里。 end up with fruit

4．It is possible that one day we will________disability，so we shouldn't look down upon the disabled. A．end up with B．put up with C．come up with D．catch up with 解析：句意：有可能某一天我们会成为残疾人，因此我们不应该歧视残疾人。end up with以……结束，符合题意。put up with忍受，忍耐；come up with提出；catch up with赶上，均不符合题意。 答案：A

in all 总计；总共 2 He visited，in all，ten hospitals in China. 他在中国共参观了10家医院。 There were about 800 people . 总共有800人左右。 in all 总计；总共 in all

above all　　 最重要的是，首先；尤其是，特别是 after all 毕竟，终究，归根结底(句首)； 别忘了(句尾或句中) at all 完全，全然；究竟；竟然；在任何程度上 (用于否定句或疑问句中) not at all 一点也不，根本不；别客气；没有什么 all in all 总之，从各方面来说 first of all 首先

Does he get no pension at all? 他一点儿养老金也没有拿到吗？ It wasn't funny，but all in all it was a good movie. 这部影片不太有趣，但从各个方面来说仍算得上是一部好片。

5．I thought I was going to fail the exam，but I succeed________. A．after all　　　　　　　 B．above all C．in all D．at all 解析：句意：我原以为这次考试会失败，但我最终成功了。after all毕竟，终究；above all最重要的是，首先；in all总计，总共；at all完全，究竟，故A项符合句意。 答案：A

它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。 1 They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where_it_was. 它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。

该句中where引导的是地点状语从句。判断where从句是地点状语从句还是定语从句，看前面有无表地点的名词即可。 You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(地点状语从句) You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句) 你最好在你有问题的地方作个记号。

6．(2010·海南调研)Lucy，the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room.Take him________it's quiet，I think. A．when　　　　　 B．where C．what D．before 解析：句意：露西，这个男孩被隔壁的可怕的噪音吓坏了，把他带到安静的地方去。where此处引导地点状语从句。 答案：B

2 On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。

causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是现在分词短语作结果状语。用现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且现在分词表示的结果是一种必然的、顺理成章的结果。而不定式则表示出乎预料的结果。 European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. 80多个国家都踢欧式足球，这使它成世界上最流行的运动。

The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。 He woke up and looked out of the window to find the world outside greatly changed. 他醒了，向窗外看了看，结果发现外面的世界一切都变了。

7．The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，________in the natural light during the day. A．to let B．Letting C．let D．having let 解析：句意：在入口处，玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天自然光便可照射进来。letting为现在分词作结果状语，符合题意。to let可作目的状语，没有必要用逗号和句子的其他部分隔开；如作结果状语，常在前面加上only；let与having let不合句意。 答案：B

3 Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only_16_kilometers_long_and_10_kilometers_wide.蒙特赛拉特是加勒比海上一个美丽的小岛，只有16千米长，10千米宽。

英语中的长、宽、高、深、厚、年龄等可以有诸多表达方式： (1)主语＋be＋数词＋单位名词复数＋形容词(如long/wide/high/tall/thick/deep/old等) (2)主语＋be＋数词＋单位名词复数＋in＋名词(如length/width/height/depth/age等) (3)This is a＋数词＋单位名词单数＋形容词＋名词 This is a 200­metre­long bridge. 这是一个长200米的桥。

The bridge is 200 metres long. ＝The bridge is 200 metres in length. 这桥长200米。 In those days most people left school when they were only fifteen years old. 那时候，大多数人上学只上到十五岁。 The house is one metre wider than that one. 这房子比那房子宽一米。

8．The two boys are both 1.80 metres________height，but they are not________the same age. A．in；of　　　　　　　 B．of；in C．of；of D．in；in 解析：“主语＋be＋数词＋单位名词复数＋in＋名词”是固定用法；be of the same age意为“同岁”。 答案：A

现在完成时的被动语态/间接引语

1．Granny Lan once told us she________a lot during the World War Ⅱ，________her husband and children. A．had suffered；lost　　　　B．suffered；losing C．had suffered；losing D．had suffered；had lost 解析：在这个间接引语中，有一个表示过去具体时间的状语，所以动词suffer要用一般过去时；第二个空不是谓语，而是对于suffered进行补充、解释的状语，由于lose(丢失)与主语是主动关系，所以要用现在分词作状语。 答案：B

2．Mother asked me________finished my homework before I watched TV. A．if had I B．whether have I C．whether I had D．if I have 解析：asked me后是一般疑问句的间接引语，要用陈述语序；主句是一般过去时，根据后面的时间状语从句可以推断，从句中要用过去完成时。 答案：C

3．—Tonna said she________to see us________. —Then we'd better not go out today. A．will come；that day B．would go；today C．would come；today D．will go；that day 解析：根据答语可知，说话者身处在今天，所以时间状语用today；而且他们是等着Tonna来，所以动词要用come。 答案：C

4．(2007·天津高考)If Newton lived today，he would be surprised by what________in science and technology. A．had discovered B．had been discovered C．has discovered D．has been discovered 解析：句意：如果牛顿今天还活着，他会惊叹于科学技术的新发现。题干中what在从句中作主语，又是动词discover的承受者，所以要用被动语态，据此排除A、C。又依据题意中today以及惊叹的是到现在为止的发现，便可推断要用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。 答案：D

5．—Have you heard from Lily recently，Lucy? —No.She went abroad two years ago，and________ever since. A．had not been heard from B．has not heard from C．had not heard from D．has not been heard from

解析：考查进态和语态。答句句意：没有，她两年前出国，从那以后就再也没有得到过她的消息。根据句意，这里应该用被动语态，另外ever since是与完成时搭配的时间状语，前句的时间状语two years ago暗示从两年前到现在一直没有得到她的消息，应该用现在完成时的被动语态。 答案：D

6．(2008·陕西高考)Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic________. A．had changed B．will change C．was changed D．has been changed 解析：句意：虽然我们现在还不清楚刚才讨论了什么，但现在我们能感觉出话题已经变了。根据句意可知，说话者说的是现在的情况，故答案为D。 答案：D

7．The couple said that the flowers were so lovely that they________in no time. A．had sold B．had been sold C．were sold D．would sell 解析：句意：这对夫妇说这花非常漂亮，一会儿就卖完了。主句中the couple said that...表示过去发生的动作，从句中的动作sell在主句的过去动作之前已经完成，用过去完成时；they指代flowers，是动作sold的承受者，需用被动语态。 答案：B

8．—Against Barcelona in the Champions League on Wednesday，there should have been three penalties but only one________. —What a pity! A．would be given B．was given C．has been given D．had been given 解析：上句句意：周三欧冠客场对巴萨，我们应该得到三个点球，但结果只给了一个。but后的信息是陈述过去的事实，且主语one是动词give的承受者，用一般过去时的被动语态。 答案：B

Ⅰ.选词填空 on average；set fire to；in all；refer to；take off；pick up 1．—How many students are there in your class? —Fifty________. 答案：in all 2．The price of bananas is about $2 per kg________. 答案：on average

3．He________the crying boy and tried his best to comfort him. 答案：picked up 4．The gas main(主管道)exploded，________the house. 答案：setting fire to 5．Don't________that problem again，please! 答案：refer to 6．The aeroplane________at 10∶45 a．m.，so you must get to the airport before 9∶45 a．m.. 答案：takes off

Ⅱ.句型转换 1．Lucy is likely to pay me a visit. It________________that Lucy will pay me a visit. 答案：is possible 2．The company is 3 square kilometers. The company____________________3 square kilometers. 答案：covers an area of

3．The box is 4 meters long and 5 meters high. The box is 4 meters________________and 5 meters________________. 答案：in length；in height 4．The meeting lasted 3 hours. We had a ________meeting. 答案：3­hour

Ⅲ.易错绣场 1．________some day the scientist will solve the problem. A．Hopeful B．Hopeless C．Hopelessly D．Hopefully 解析：“科学家有朝一日会解决问题”是说话人对未来的展望。所以hopefully才是唯一正确的选项，此时hopefully为副词，作句子状语。 答案：D

2．________，when the volcano erupted，the students were playing at the foot of another mountain. A．Sadly B．Unfortunately C．Lucky D．Luckily 解析：根据句意“火山爆发时，学生们正在另一座山脚下玩，这无疑是幸运的”可知，luckily符合语境。 答案：D

3．________，I managed to pay off the debts at last. A．To my grief B．To my sadness C．Hopefully D．Thankfully 解析：我最后总算还清了债务，这当然是令人欣慰的事，所以很容易排除A、B两项。hopefully表示“如果顺利地话；充满希望地”，不符合语境。thankfully表示“令人高兴地，令人欣慰地”，符合题意。 答案：D

4．She was cheerful in public but________she was lonely in private. A．cheerfully B．fortunately C．luckily D．sadly 解析：句意：在众人面前她很愉快，但是私下里却很孤独。既然she was lonely不是令人愉快的事，所以该句子状语为sadly。 答案：D