高考英语短文改错题技巧点拨
短文改错口诀 动词时态,名词数, 还要注意形和副; 非谓语,辨形式, 习惯用法要记住; 代词格,细领悟, 冠词连词常光顾; 句子成分多分析, 语篇逻辑须关注。
口诀解析 动词时态:指动词的时态和语态的误用。 名词数:名词单复数的误用 还要注意形和副:指形容词和副词的误用还包括形容词和副词比较等级的误用。 非谓语,辨形式;指动名词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词以及它们的各种形式,包括主动式,被动式,一般式,进行式,完成时 。 习惯用法要记住:固定搭配 代词格,细领悟, 冠词连词常光顾; 句子成分多分析, 语篇逻辑须关注。
Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister ago of and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then-for all these year-we had been allowing tomatoes years have to self-seed where they please. As ^ result, the plants are growing a somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. They are everywhere tasty so much that we often share them with our neighbors. many Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had 去掉but 或改为yet any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! wonderful
One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later.Tony saw parents.Mom said,”How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
71. parent改为parents 72. on改为in 73. very去掉 74. looks改为looking 75. where改为that 76. begun改为began 77. telling改为told 78. a改为the 79. saw后加his 80. terrible改为terribly
短文改错常见错误类型: 1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点常见动词错误类型有: ①一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ②and 前后动词时态不一致 ③主谓不一致 ④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用;
⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 1.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did 改为do, 错误类型属于①) 2As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited错误类型属于②) 3There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④) 4One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③主谓不一致)
2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用;注意区分名词是可数还是不可数;或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 ①I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改为subjects) ② Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word 改为words) ③Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等 3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等 (一般考查从句关系who/ whom/whose/what/which /how/why/when/where/if/whether ) ①I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) ② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. (此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) ③Clever as she is, but she works very hard. as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)
4. 冠词错误 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定); 误用a 和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多余的冠词或少冠词) 1)We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the,the same 是固定搭配) 2)As everyone knows, it’s ∧famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以加a ) 3)I hope you have∧ pleasant journey. (journey是可数名词需用冠词)
5. 形容词和副词错误 1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel) 2) 词性的误用:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词。 ①I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) ② My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)
6. 代词错误 1)代词的主格和宾(I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us They/ them ) 6. 代词错误 1)代词的主格和宾(I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us They/ them ) 2)反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves) 3)代词的单数和复数 4)多余的代词和少代词 ①Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为myself ) ②One day I wrote a little story and showed ∧to my teacher. (加it) ③If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s) ④What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)
7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 1)不定式,动名词作主语,宾语。 2)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时), 7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 1)不定式,动名词作主语,宾语。 2)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时), 3)介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。 4)某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 ①Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词talk--talking) ②But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语改为going ) ③Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语) ④I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时),saw改为seeing)
8. 介词错误 1)词组中的介词误用, 2)介词意思理解偏差, 3)介词的多用或少用 8. 介词错误 1)词组中的介词误用, 2)介词意思理解偏差, 3)介词的多用或少用 ①There are too many people among my family. (among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配) ②I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment 引导从句)
短文改错解题思路和检查原则 1)句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词; 2)谓语动词的时态、语态; 3)非谓语动词的形式; 2)谓语动词的时态、语态; 3)非谓语动词的形式; 4)名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确; 5)定冠词和不定冠词是否正确; 6)代词的格和性的使用是否有误; 7)定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误; 8)并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则 1)改动以最少为原则 2)虚词以添加或删除为原则 3)实词以改变词形为原则 4)以保持句子原意为原则
短文改错解题步骤 1)通读全文,掌握大意 2)整句分析,逐行推敲 3)反复通读,复查验证
解题注意要点和能力培养 ①核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“181”比例 。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。 ②核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。 ③核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。