主讲人: 朱健平 zhujianpingzju@163.com 13637402667 从译例看何谓翻译 Defining Translation through an Analysis of several Translation Examples 主讲人: 朱健平 zhujianpingzju@163.com 13637402667

例1 【原文】Though translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man’s clothing, the results can be both tasteful and alive. 【译文】虽然一篇译文可以像置于新瓶中的老酒，或似身着男装的女子，但是，酒仍不失其甘醇，而女子仍风韵不减。 【译文2】译文犹如新瓶装旧酒，女子着男装，酒固然不失其甘醇，女子也风韵不减。

例2 【原文】I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word. 【译文】我可以总是滔滔不绝，皮特却可以总是字字珠玑。

例 3 【原文】I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child. 【译文1】我把头埋在悲惨的被单和毯子下面，像孩子样地哭了起来。 【译文2】我把头埋在那仿佛感染了我的悲惨心情的被单和毯子里，像孩子样地哭了起来。 【译文3】我非常难过，一头扎进被单和毯子里，像孩子一样哭了起来。

例4 【原文】That tiny catch in my old friend’s voice dissolved whatever stood between me and my sorrow. My torrents of grief were unleashed. 【译文1】隐约地捕捉到老朋友的声音，我和悲伤之间所有的隔膜一下子被溶解掉了，悲哀如潮水一般汹涌奔泻而来。 【译文2】老朋友的声音微微哽塞，让我的心堤决口了，悲哀的大潮汹涌奔腾而来。

例 5：Dust的译法 【原文】What a piece of worke is a man! … and yet to me, what is this Quintessence of Dust?（Shakespeare, Hamlet） 【译文1】尘垢（梁实秋译） 【译文2】烂泥（曹未风译） 【译文3】尘土（孙大雨译） 【译文4】小粒黄土（林同济译） 【译文5】泥土（朱生豪、卞之琳译） 注：Dust在此与clay有关，指“上帝用来造人的泥土”。

例 6 【原文】The stage of mental comfort to which they had arrived at this hour was one wherein their souls expanded beyond their skins, and spread their personalities warmly through the room. (from Tess of the D’urberveilles) 【张谷若译文】他们那时所达到的欢畅阶段是：神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。 【改译】彼时彼刻，他们心情欢畅，简直是神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。

例 7 【原文】Spanish moss dripped from huge cypress and oak trees along the winding Atchafalaya River , providing cover for the birds calling to each other in the fading afternoon sunlight . 【译文1】铁兰从沿着那条蜿蜒流淌着的阿查法拉娅河两岸矗立着的粗大的柏树和橡树上倒挂下来，为那些在渐渐退去的午后阳光中互相叫唤着的小鸟提供了一个荫蔽之所。 【译文2】午后的阳光渐渐隐退。阿查法拉娅河蜿蜒流淌着。河的两岸矗立着高大的柏树和橡树，铁兰从树上倒挂下来，小鸟在枝叶间鸣啾，互相应和。

例 8 【原文】Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room. 【原译】这种病使她特别敏感不安，她越发急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后的一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。 【改译】说来也怪，缠绵病榻，使她特别焦躁不安，她越发急切地抓住人生不放，欲将人生的幸福榨到最后一滴而后已。这病使她无比艳羡人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。

例9【原文】 ①The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China’s progress. ②Without her the progressive Emperor Kuangshu would certainly have gone on with his reforms. ③To the end, the Emperor, like an eagle deprived of its wings, remained submissive to his aunt. ④Ignorance added to a strong character was a double curse; stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid. (林语堂Moment in Peking) 【张振玉译】①那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了19世纪的后50年,使中国不能进步，她可算功劳第一。②若没有她，锐意求进的光绪皇帝，一定会进行他的维新大计。③光绪皇帝，像个剪去翅膀的苍鹰，一直对他这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬，百依百顺。④愚而妄，其为祸则加倍地强烈。愚蠢再与刚愎携手，则愚蠢倍增。 【改译】①19世纪后半叶，那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治中国达50年之久。阻止中国进步，她可算功劳第一。②若不是她，锐意进取的光绪皇帝，一定能推行他的维新大计。③然而光绪却像一只剪去翅膀的苍鹰，一直慑服在他伯母的淫威之下。④无知而刚愎，其为祸则倍增；愚蠢与顽固携手，便是愚不可耐。

例 10 【原文】不久，江面更开朗辽阔了。两条大江，骤然相见，欢腾拥抱，激起云雾迷蒙，波涛沸荡，至此似乎稍微平定，水天极目之处，灰蒙蒙的远山展开一卷清淡的水墨画。(刘白羽,《长江三日》) 【译文】Soon the Yangtze opens out and broadens. Where the two great rivers meet suddenly, their joyful embrace throws up misty spray and makes the waves seethe[翻腾/翻滚] and tumble[翻滚] ; but here the current is calmer; and far off where the water meets the sky the misty hills unfold like an exquisite scroll in Chinese ink. (中国文学出版社, 1998: 298-299)

例 11 【原文】这平铺着，厚积着的绿，着实可爱。她松松的皱着，像少妇拖着的裙幅；她轻轻的摆弄着，像跳动的初恋的处女的心；她滑滑的明亮着，像涂了“明油”一般，有着鸡蛋清那样软，那样嫩，令人想着所曾接触过的最嫩的皮肤。(朱自清《绿》) 【译文】This smooth spread, compact green is utterly charming. It undulates[起伏] and ripples like the folds of a young wife’s skirt; it palpitates[(心)突突跳] like a maiden’s heart when she first falls in love; it glimmers as if coated with oil, soft and light as the white of an egg, reminding you of the silkiest skin you ever touched. (中国文学出版社, 1998: 152-153)

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 （唐·柳宗元） 例 12：《江雪》7译 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 （唐·柳宗元） 【译文1】River Snow – by W. Bynner (1989) A hundred mountains and no bird, A thousand paths without a footprint; A little boat, a bamboo cloak, An old man fishing in the cold river-snow.       

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文2】 River Snow – By John C. H Wu (1972) Myriad mountains--not a bird flying. Endless roads--not a trace of men. Only an old fisherman in a lonely boat, Angling silently in the river covered with snow.

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文 3】 By 朱纯深 A thousand mountains no bird flying Ten thousand paths devoid of human trace A lone boat, a bark-caped old man- Alone, he angles a cold river of snow

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文4】 River Snow – By Burton Watson From a thousand hills, bird flights have vanished; on ten thousand paths, human traces wiped out; lone boat, an old man in straw cape and hat, fishing alone in the cold river snow.

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文5】 Snow on the River* -- By Soame Jenyns (1944) On a thousand hills all birds life is cut off, On ten thousand paths there is no trace of human footsteps; In a lonely boat the old man with the bamboo hat and cape Sits by himself fishing the river in the winter snow**.   Translator’s notes: *The author writes this after he had been sacked from his official job and found the world cold and bleak. ** “Fishing for winter snow.” If he was a Buddhist philosopher he would fish without a hook.

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文6】 Fishing in Snow – by许渊冲（1988） From hill to hill no bird in flight; from path to path no man in sight. A straw-cloak’d man in a boat, lo! Fishing on river clad (=clothed) in snow.

千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。 【译文7】 By 李庸生 When no birds would fly in any hills, and all travellers have lost their wills,  on a lonely boat, and in his coir [椰子纤维] raincoat, enjoying is a fishing old his company of the river, the snow, and the cold. 

例 13 【原文】这个人打扮与众姑娘不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子；头上戴着[1]金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着[2]朝阳五凤挂珠钗；项上带着[3]赤金盘螭璎珞圈；裙边系着[4]豆绿宫绦，双衡[5]比目玫瑰佩；身上穿着[6]绣金百蝶穿花大红洋缎窄褙袄，外罩[7]五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂；下着[8]翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双[9]丹凤三角眼，两弯[10]柳叶吊梢眉，身量苗条，体格风骚，粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。（曹雪芹、高颚，1987：19） 【杨戴译文】Unlike the girls, she was richly dressed and resplendent as a fairy. [1]Her gold-filigree tiara was set with jewels and pearls. [2]Her hair-clasps, in the form of five phoenixes facing the sun, had pendants of pearls. [3]Her necklet, of red gold, was in the form of a coiled dragon studded with gems. She had [5]double red jade pendants with [4]pea-green tassels attached to the skirt. [6]Her close-fitting red satin jacket was embroidered with gold butterflies and flowers. [7]Her turquoise cape, lined with white squirrel, was inset with designs in coloured silk. [8]Her skirt of kingfisher-blue crepe was patterned with flowers. She had [9]the almond-shaped eyes of a phoenix, [10]slanting eye-brows as long and drooping as willow leaves. Her figure was slender and her manner vivacious. The springtime charm of powdered face gave no hint of her latent formidability. And before her crimson lips parted, her laughter ran out.

[3]Her necklet was of red gold in the form of a coiling dragon. 【原文】这个人打扮与众姑娘不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子；头上戴着[1]金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着[2]朝阳五凤挂珠钗；项上带着[3]赤金盘螭璎珞圈；裙边系着[4]豆绿宫绦，双衡[5]比目玫瑰佩；身上穿着[6]绣金百蝶穿花大红洋缎窄褙袄，外罩[7]五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂；下着[8]翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双[9]丹凤三角眼，两弯[10]柳叶吊梢眉，身量苗条，体格风骚，粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。（曹雪芹、高颚，1987：19） 【Hawkes译文】She was dressed quite differently from the others present, gleaming like some fairy princess with sparkling jewels and gay embroideries. [1]Her chignon[发髻] was enclosed in a circlet of gold filigree and clustered pearls. [2]It was fastened with a pin embellished with flying phoenixes, from whose beaks pearls were suspended on tiny chains. [3]Her necklet was of red gold in the form of a coiling dragon. [6]Her dress had a fitted bodice[马甲] and was made of dark red silk damask[锦缎] with a pattern of flowers and butterflies in raised gold thread. [7]Her jacket was lined with ermine. It was of a slate-blue stuff with woven insets in coloured silk crêpe embroidered with flowers. She had, moreover, [8]eyes like a painted phoenix, [9]eyebrows like willow-leaves, a slender form, seductive grace; the ever-smiling summer face of hidden thunders showed no trace; the ever-bubbling laughter started almost before the lips were parted.

奈达和泰伯（C. R. Taber） Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (1969:12) 翻译就是在接受语中复制（reproducing）与源语信息最切近的自然等值物（the closest natural equivalent），首先是就意义而言，其次是就文体而言。

翻译（translating）即解释，具体地说，翻译的过程就是，在跨文化的历史语境中，具有历史性的译者使自己的视域与源语文本视域互相发生融合而形成新视域，并用浸润着目的语文化的语言符号将新视域重新固定下来形成新文本的过程。 （朱健平，2007）

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