高考语法

Chapter 1 Tense and Voice tense有几个意思？

tense adj. 紧张的；紧绷的 She sounded tense and angry. 她的声音听起来又气又急。 A massage will relax those tense muscles. 按摩会使紧张的肌肉松弛。

你知道英语有几个时态吗？

现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 Tense make made will made would do am/is/are making was/were making will be making would be making 进行 have/has made will have made would have made 完成 had made have been making had been making will have been making would have been making 完成进行

我过去一直以为这是“骗人”的或者是“瞎编”的 过去将来 完成进行 would have been making 我过去一直以为这是“骗人”的或者是“瞎编”的 如果不是，那至少也是“没用的”

直到我看了这本书…

直到我看了这本书…

直到我看了这本书…

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah. 犹太教受诫礼

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah.

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah.

expose v. 暴露；揭穿 He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 他突然一笑，露出一口雪白的牙齿。 He threatened to expose the racism that existed within the police force. 他扬言要把警察内部存在的种族歧视公之于众。

expose v. 使接触、使体验 We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。

expose v. 使接触、使体验 在高考词汇手册里是这样写的 使…处于作用（或影响）之下；暴露；揭露

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah.

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah.

react v. 做出反应；起作用 You never know how he is going to react. 你根本不知道他会作何反应。 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁和水及空气发生反应产生铁锈。

He reacted strongly against the artistic conventions /ɑ:'tistik/ He reacted strongly against the artistic conventions of his time. 他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。 这个意思高考词汇手册没有

在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… 过去将来完成进行 在那本书中，当我看到下面的句子，我有点惊呆了… Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah.

Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden 过去将来完成进行 Einstein’s exposure to science produced a sudden reaction against religion at age 12, just as he would have been readying for a bar mitzvah. 从现在看，在10岁的时候，12岁就是将来， 且是过去将来 从过去到现在，再到将来都在做这件事情。

时间轴

Time Line 过去某个时间的行为 说话在做、最近在做 一般过去时 现在进行时 过过 过去 现在 将来 将将 一般现在时 习惯、真理

Time Line 过去某段时间进行的动作 将来某个时间要发生 过去进行时 一般将来时 过过 过去 现在 将来 将将

Time Line 现在完成 动作已完成 延续到现在某一时间 过去 过去 现在

Time Line 过去完成 动作已完成 延续到过去某一时间 过过 过过 过去

Time Line 将来完成 延续到将来某一时间 动作已完成 现在 将来 将来 将将 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

Time Line 过去的将来 过去将来时 过过 过去 现在 将来 将将 现在完成进行时 持续到现在，还在做

请完成 P3 2.1 相关易错考题 D B B A

书上罗里吧嗦说了一堆 我们来简化一下

首先， 你知道中考和高考的时态考点的差异吗？

2013 27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he _______ his key at school. A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left 44. Look, so many passengers _______ with their smart phones on the underground． A. played B. will play C. are playing D. have played

第二， 我们再来看一下所谓的难点

时态汇总 should It is (high) time… did 过去 一般过去 虚拟（从句） 现在 将来 表达礼貌请求 wondered、thought

时态汇总 It is the first time 现在完成 It is + 一段时间 主将从现的替换 未曾实现的愿望 完成 过去完成 no sooner 等倒装 与by连用 将来完成 对可能完成的 动作的推测

请完成7道翻译题

请完成翻译题-1&2 It is high time we got down to writing our paper/thesis. 该是我们着手写论文的时候了。 (high) I wondered if you could come over to spend the weekend together. 我在想你们是不是过来一起度周末？ (wonder)

I will return the book to the library when I have finished reading it. 请完成翻译题-3 I will return the book to the library when I have finished reading it. 书读完以后我会把它归还给图书馆的。 (when)

请完成翻译题-4 They had intended to help prepare dinner, but they didn't arrive at their mom's home in time because of the gridlock. 她们本想帮忙准备晚饭，但是因为堵车，没能及时赶到母亲家。 (intend)

请完成翻译题-5 Hardly had the nanny put the baby in the cradle when the baby started crying loudly. 保姆刚把婴儿放到摇篮里，婴儿就开始大哭。 (Hardly)

请完成翻译题-6 By the time Professor Clayton retires the year after next, he will have worked in the university for 40 years. 当Clayton教授后年退休时，他将在这个大学从教40年了。 (By)

It is ten years since I went to the movie theatre last time. 请完成翻译题-7 It is ten years since I went to the movie theatre last time. 我上次去电影院都是10年前的事儿了。 (since)

They will set out at 6 if it has stopped raining by then. True or False They will set out at 6 if it has stopped raining by then. √ 将来某时间以前已经完成的动作

True or False × I intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. × 未曾实现的希望和打算 had intended

True or False √ be pessimistic about 对…很悲观 My brother is such a pessimistic person. He always complains about this and that. √ 换成 is always complaining 也许更好

True or False × × × It is time that the children go to bed. went If there was no air, people would die. were × I wish I was as tall as you. were ×

我们再来谈谈一般将来时 你知道有多少种表达一般将来时的方法？

一般将来时 be going to do will do do/does be to do doing be about to do will be doing

一般将来时 一般将来，无计划，随机 will do 有计划，非随机或者有迹象表明 be going to do 时间表 do/does

一般将来时 正式计划 be to do doing 位移动词 be about to do 马上要发生 will be doing 将来一段时间内

Video-1

When are you getting married, Annie?

Video-2

有时候，不一定是将来时！！！ 我们来看下面一副图片

以下内容可配合教材，复习使用。

All right, Johnny. It is time you went to bed. 这里为什么用过去时？ P4-2.3.1 All right, Johnny. It is time you went to bed.

这里为什么用过去时？ P3-2.3.1 All right, Johnny. It is time you went to bed. 不要和It is time to do sth.混淆

If I had enough money, I would buy a MAC right now. 这里为什么用过去时？ P5-2.3.2 If I had enough money, I would buy a MAC right now.

If I had enough money, I would buy a MAC right now. 这里为什么用过去时？ P5-2.3.2 If I had enough money, I would buy a MAC right now. 对过现在或将来的虚拟语气

I wondered if you could arrange a meeting for us. 这里为什么用过去时？ P5-2.3.3 I wondered if you could arrange a meeting for us. 在提出问题、要求或者表达礼貌的请求时， 使用过去时显得更礼貌。

It is time we got down to writing our paper/thesis. 该是我们着手写论文的时候了。 (get down to doing sth)

I wish I were 25 and could do whatever I want to do. 请完成 P5 2.3.1-2.3.3的习题 I wish I were 25 and could do whatever I want to do. 我真希望我已经25岁，能随心所欲了。

I wondered if you could come over to spend the weekend together. 我在想你们是不是过来一起度周末？

She is constantly bragging about her kid. 进行时的情感 P5-2.3.4 She is constantly bragging about her kid. 她老爱吹嘘她家孩子怎么怎么地。 为什么不用一般现在时？

现在进行时、过去进行时、完成进行时等等。 进行时的情感 P5-2.3.4 只要是进行时就有可以有感情色彩，包括： 现在进行时、过去进行时、完成进行时等等。

You are always complaining. 真是的，你就爱抱怨。

请完成 P5 2.3.4的习题 I have waited for 2 hours. 我等了两小时了。（陈述事实） I have been waiting for 2 hours. 我已经等了两个小时了。（等得好辛苦，抱怨）

He had just drifted off to sleep _____ the phone rang. 选择题 He had just drifted off to sleep _____ the phone rang. √ A. when B. as C. until D. while when有突然的意思

when表示突然 P5-2.3.5 事实上，“突然”这个用法更多地与进行时连用。 The plane was taking off when the accident happened. 飞机正在准备起飞时，意外发生了。

They will set out at 6 if it has stopped raining by then. 现在完成时 P5-2.3.6 True or False √ They will set out at 6 if it has stopped raining by then. 如果6点时雨停了，他们就出发。

现在完成时 P5-2.3.6 现在完成时用于时间或条件状语从句，表示将来某时以前也已完成的动作。 I will return the book to the library when I have finished reading it. 书读完以后我会把它归还给图书馆的。

我去年去了日本。那是我第一次坐邮轮旅行。 完成时 P5-2.3.7 次数与完成时的搭配 I went to Japan last year. It was the first time I had travelled on a cruise ship. 我去年去了日本。那是我第一次坐邮轮旅行。

We are hoping for good weather on Sunday. 未曾实现的希望 P5-2.3.8 先来看两个关于hope的句子 True or False We are hoping for good weather on Sunday. √ 我们盼望着星期天天气好。

It is hoped that over £10 000 will be raised. 未曾实现的希望 P5-2.3.8 先来看几个关于hope的句子 True or False It is hoped that over £10 000 will be raised. √ 希望筹款能超过1万英镑。

未曾实现的希望 P5-2.3.8 hope, intend等词用于过去完成时，表示未曾实现的希望和打算。 I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 我本打算昨晚来看你的，但是有人打电话过来我走不开。

未曾实现的希望 P5-2.3.8 hope, intend等词用于过去完成时，表示未曾实现的希望和打算。 They had intended to help prepare dinner, but they didn't arrive at their mom's home in time because of the gridlock. 她们本想帮忙准备晚饭，但是因为堵车，没能及时赶到母亲家。

未曾实现的希望 P4-2.3.8 同理，也可以用 was/were to have done表示过去安排的计划或者意愿没有实现。 They were to have got married in January, but had to postpone the wedding until October because of the nation-wide epidemic. 他们本想在一月结婚，但是有全国性的流行病，他们不得不把婚礼推迟到十月。

一…就… P6-2.3.9 He had no sooner left home than two men broke into his house. 改为倒装 No sooner had he left home than two men broke into his house.

保姆刚把婴儿放到摇篮里，婴儿就开始大哭。 一…就… P6-2.3.9 Hardly had the nanny put the baby in the cradle when the baby started crying loudly. 保姆刚把婴儿放到摇篮里，婴儿就开始大哭。 (Hardly)

现在完成进行时 P6-2.3.11 在“How long...?”疑问句中，一般可以用到现在完成进行时 I have been sitting in the cafe all afternoon.

现在完成进行时 P6-2.3.11 在“How long...?”疑问句中，一般可以用到现在完成进行时 How long have you been dating with her? 你跟她约会多久啦？

现在完成进行时 P6-2.3.11 在“How long...?”疑问句中，一般可以用到现在完成进行时 sit, lie, wait等动词，一般更多使用现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时 P6-2.3.11 在“How long...?”疑问句中，一般可以用到现在完成进行时 You have been lying in bed whole day, don't you feel dizzy? 你在床上躺了一天了，你不感觉头晕吗？

现在完成进行时 P6-2.3.11 在“How long...?”疑问句中，一般可以用到现在完成进行时 Wow, what a mess! Yeah, I have been trying to find my wedding ring. It's gone. --哦，家里真乱啊！--是啊，我一天都在试图找出我的结婚戒指。它不见了。

将来完成时 P6-2.3.12 by + 过去的时间，一般使用过去完成时。 by + 将来的时间，一般使用将来完成时。 By the time (that) this letter reaches you I will have left the country.

He ought to have arrived by now/by this time. 将来完成时 P6-2.3.12 by + 现在的时间呢？ He ought to have arrived by now/by this time. 他现在应该已经到了。

当Clayton教授后年退休时，他将在这个大学从教40年了。 将来完成时 P6-2.3.12 By the time Professor Clayton retires the year after next, he will have worked in the university for 40 years. 当Clayton教授后年退休时，他将在这个大学从教40年了。

同时，对一个可能已经完成的动作的推测，也会用到将来完成时。一般用于第二三人称。 P6-2.3.12 同时，对一个可能已经完成的动作的推测，也会用到将来完成时。一般用于第二三人称。 It is five o'clock, they will have finished their meeting by now. You know, the meeting started at 7 am.

没有进行时的动词 P6-2.3.13 一些词是没有进行时的

没有进行时的动词 P6-2.3.13 不能用进行时的动词主要是non-action动词（非行为动词） believe, have, like, mean, finish, prefer, seem, care, etc.

过去时与现在完成时 P6-2.3.14 时间状语永远不是第一位的。 I have been absent twice this semester. (this semester is not finished.) I was absent four times last semester. (last semester is finished.)

How long is it since we last went to the theatre? is & has P7-2.3.15 True or False How long is it since we last went to the theatre? √ 我们多久没去看戏了？

is & has √ √ P7-2.3.15 It is ten years since I moved to Shanghai. It has been ten years since I moved to Shanghai. √ 自从我搬到上海已经十年了。

It is ten years since I went to the movie theatre last time. is & has P7-2.3.15 It is a long time since I met you last time. What have you been doing recently? 好久不见。最近在干嘛？ It is ten years since I went to the movie theatre last time. 我上次去电影院都是10年前的事儿了。

P7 选择题

Passive Voice passive有几个意思？

3. 希望内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的表态 被动语态 1. 强调的重点是动作的承受者。 被动 2. 不知道动作的执行者或者没必要指出 3. 希望内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的表态

被动语态结构 融合 be 过去将来时基本结构： would do be done 基本结构： 完整结构： would be done

被动语态结构 will be doing be done 融合 be being 将来进行时基本结构： 基本结构： 完整结构： will be being done

请完成 P10 2.4.3 底部翻译

被动语态的重要用法 P10-2.4.3 With modern science and technology, wind energy can be converted into electricity easily. 有了现代科技手段，风能可以轻易转化成电能。 He spoke at great length, was asked many questions afterwards and answered them all satisfactorily. 他的演讲非常详细，讲完后听众们问了很多问题，他都一一给出令人满意的回答。

双宾语的被动 P11-2.4.4 双宾变被动，需要加入to或者for。 你觉得用to还是for？ promise to cook for teach to reserve for

make, hear, see, watch, feel, let sb. do sth. 省略to的不定式的被动 P11-2.4.5 这些词主要有 make, hear, see, watch, feel, let sb. do sth. let permit/allow

请完成 P11 2.4.5 翻译

广告公司的员工常常被迫加班加点到深夜。难怪有人会过劳死。 省略to的不定式的被动 P11-2.4.5 Advertising company employees are often made to work overtime till midnight. No wonder people die from overwork/karoshi. 广告公司的员工常常被迫加班加点到深夜。难怪有人会过劳死。 (die from...)

她被人听见上班时间打了个私人电话，这在她们公司可是个禁忌。 省略to的不定式的被动 P11-2.4.5 She was heard to make a private call at work, which is a taboo in their company. 她被人听见上班时间打了个私人电话，这在她们公司可是个禁忌。 (taboo)

不及物动词的被动 P11-2.4.6 不及物动词能不能有被动语态？ All of us talked about the matter very often. The matter was often talked about .

不及物 + 介词 + 宾语 说明原因 同意 照料 对… 起作用 满意 应付 得出 破门而入 探究 （向…）要 看穿 指望 倾听 照顾 account for agree to attend to act on/upon approve of deal with break into arrive at go into see through ask for look to listen to look after O(∩_∩)O (*>﹏<*) 说明原因 同意 照料 对… 起作用 满意 应付 得出 破门而入 探究 （向…）要 看穿 指望 倾听 照顾

请完成 P11 2.4.6 习题

不及物动词的被动 P11-2.4.6 They took care of everything by themselves. 改被动 Everything was taken care of by them.

不及物动词的被动 P11-2.4.6 We will put on a short play at the party. 改被动 A short play will be put on at the party.

不及物动词的被动 P11-2.4.6 The carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food are broken into simpler forms in the digestive tract. 改错 The carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food are broken down into simpler forms in the digestive tract. break down 使分解（为）；使变化（成）

主动表示被动的情况 P11-2.4.7 联系动词 动词+状语 want、need 主动表被动 have的情况 be worth be + adj. + to do sth.

主动表示被动的情况 P11-2.4.7-1) 1. 联系动词（感官动词） smell sound taste feel look seem appear prove

请完成 P12 翻译 The well water tastes sweet. 井水尝起来好甜。 This silk feels very smooth. 这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。

This rumor proved (to be) false. 这个谣言被证明是和事实不符的。

Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather. 主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-2) 2. 一些动词与状语连用，表达主语的品质 fill lock keep drive Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather. 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。

The cloth washes/sells well. 请完成 P12 翻译 The cloth washes/sells well. 布料很好卖、很好洗。 The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。

The pair of glasses wears comfortably. 这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。 The poem reads well. 这首诗读起来朗朗上口。

Meat spoils fast in summer. 在夏天，肉坏起来很快。 Potatoes cook slowly. 马铃薯煮起来很慢。

主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) 3. want/need/require/deserve/be worth/not bear + doing The joke doesn't bear repeating. 这个笑话不可说第二遍 （因为不好笑或可能得罪人）。

be worthwhile doing sth. 主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) be worth doing sth. be worthy of sb./sth. sth. 值得(做)某事 be worthwhile to do sth. be worthwhile doing sth.

This idea is well worth considering. 主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) 补充 be worth doing sth. This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。

主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) 补充 be worthy of sb./sth. sth. He felt he was not worthy of her. 他觉得他配不上她。 A number of the report's findings are worthy of note. 这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。

It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations. 主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) 补充 be worthwhile to do sth. It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations. 把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。

It didn't seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 主动表示被动的情况 P12-2.4.7-3) 补充 be worthwhile to do sth. It didn't seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 把这再都写出来似乎不必要。

请完成 P12 2.4.7-3) 翻译

The toilet needs repairing right now. It won't flush. When learning to write a cover letter, this skill is worth mentioning again./deserves mentioning again. 在学写求职信时，这个技巧值得再次提及。 The toilet needs repairing right now. It won't flush. 厕所需要马上修理。它抽不了水了。

Anything worth doing is worth doing well. Example Anything worth doing is worth doing well. 值得做的事就值得做好。

The question is difficult to answer. 主动表示被动的情况 补充 be + adj. + to do 注意，这个do要与主语有动宾关系。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。

Example The book is hard to follow. 这本书很难跟上。 What he said is easy to understand. 他说的话很容易理解。

关于have的使役状态搭配 P12-2.4.7-4) 让某事被做 have sth. done have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sth. to do 有事要做 have sth. to be done 让某事去被做

使役状态 P12-2.4.7-4) 某事被人完成 have sth. done 某人的一种经历

你最好尽快去把蛀牙拔了。否则就会越来越痛。 请完成 P12 翻译 You'd better have your tooth decay pulled out, otherwise, it will hurt more and more. 你最好尽快去把蛀牙拔了。否则就会越来越痛。

Sir John Hawkwood有了一个非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿意必生的心血毁于歹徒之手。 请完成 P12 翻译 Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters. Sir John Hawkwood有了一个非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱，也不愿意必生的心血毁于歹徒之手。

没有被动语态的词 P13-2.4.8 不及物动词 lie rise 没有被动 的情况 静态动词 have lack

The flu usually breaks out in winter. 请完成 P13 翻译 The flu usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常爆发在冬季。 High heels don't suit me. 高跟鞋不合适我。

请完成 P13 翻译 The young man lacks experience. ≈ He is lack of experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。 He resembles his father very much. 他和他父亲长得很像。

长难句分析 ( Because people in the US have come from so many nationalities, there is a far wider range of what is acceptable than in some countries where the inhabitants have grown up with a common heritage. As a result, no one needs to feel awkward or uncomfortable in following his or her own customs. Although Americans are noticeably informal, if you prefer somewhat greater formality, feel free to act in your own way. This will be acceptable to those around you. ) ( ) ( ) noticeably 显著地

长难句分析 美国人是来自于不同国家的人，因此比起那些成长于单一民族背景的人民来说，美国人能够接受的东西范围也更广些。所以说，如果一个人想要根据自己的习惯从事，根本不必觉得尴尬或不舒服。虽然美国人不拘小节，但是如果你喜欢更循规蹈矩些，那就按你自己的方式去做吧。你的做法可以让你周围的人接受的。

长难句分析 Anyone （who can afford the high cost of service in this country and wants to pay for it）, may（do so）. But here is absolutely no social stigma（污点）in doing one’s own daily chores（杂活儿）, no matter how menial（微不足道的、乏味的）. In fact, Americans take pride in do-it-yourself accomplishments（任务） and may devote a great deal of their leisure time to projects around the home. Huge warehouse stores that cater to（迎合） do-it-yourself tasks have been built throughout the country.

长难句分析 只要你付得起这个国家高昂的服务费用，并且愿意付，当然可以这么做。但是一个人自己做哪怕是非常低贱的日常杂活，都绝对不会被整个社会认为是丢脸的事。事实上，美国人对自己动手丰衣足食的做法充满着自豪，并花大把的空余时间拾掇家里的活。提供适合“自己动手”材料的大型仓储式商场遍布全国。

他们更愿意保持家庭的隐私、独立性，也不愿意承担责任。如果雇别人到家里来帮忙干活，这几点难免要打折扣了。 长难句分析 They prefer family privacy, independence, and freedom from responsibility, all of which are at least partially lost when one has help in one’s home. 他们更愿意保持家庭的隐私、独立性，也不愿意承担责任。如果雇别人到家里来帮忙干活，这几点难免要打折扣了。

Bye-Bye