Word Formation 12英语2班 袁承敏 王晓珏 仇丹妮 潘冬菊 吴爱婷 尹苗苗
Word-formation rules define the scope and methods whereby speakers of a language may create new words. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes. 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 点击添加文本
compounding （复合法） Definition: Compounding consists of combining 点击添加文本 Definition: Compounding consists of combining two or more words into one which now expresses a single idea and functions as a separate lexical unit. 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 点击添加文本
◎ Noun compounds e.g. weekend daybreak downpour 点击添加文本 ◎ Adjective compounds e.g. man-eating funny-looking ◎ Verb compounds e.g. overthrow whitewash sleepwalk 点击添加文本 ◎ Adverb compounds e.g. underfoot hotfoot outwards 点击添加文本 ◎ Preposition compounds e.g. Into upstairs without 点击添加文本
Affixation or Derivation （派生法或词缀法） ★It is a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix, or combining form, to an already existing word. 点击添加文本 a.屈折词缀：复数-s，动词过去式-ed, 动词-ed分词和 -ing分词 ,形容词比较级和最高级-er,-est 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 b.派生词缀：1.前缀：prefix: un- in- trans- pseudo- 2.后缀：suffix: -able -less -ly -ify -ism 点击添加文本
Conversion(转化法） Noun—verb e.g. 1.Who chaired the meeting? 2.He pinned great hopes on us. 点击添加文本 Verb—noun e.g. 1 Let me have a try. 2 This is for winter wear. Adjective—verb e.g. 1. The result humbled him. 2. Don’t idle away your time 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 Adverb—verb e.g. 1.Truth will out 2. 3000 workers there downed tools. 点击添加文本
Clipping (Shortening) Definition: shortening a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables 点击添加文本 Examples: Gasoline → Gas Hamburger → Burger delicatessen → deli laboratory → lab ■Acronyms APEC AIDS NATO 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 ■Blending words Beautility ( beauty + utility) Sitcom (situation + comedy) Medicate (medical + care) Workfare (work + welfare) ■Initialism FBI CIA p.m. HTML 点击添加文本
Back formation(逆生法) ■ Definition: Creative reduction due to incorrect morphological analysis. 点击添加文本 点击添加文本 ■ Examples: ■ Editor（1649) →edit(1791) ■ Television(1907) →televise(1927） ■ Paramedical(1921） →paramedic(1967) 点击添加文本 点击添加文本
点击添加文本 点击添加文本 Thank you 点击添加文本 点击添加文本