I’ll help to clean up the Section A Grammar Focus-4c Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Section A Grammar Focus-4c 八年级(下)

Grammar Focus I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.

Grammar 动词不定式 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略；否定形式：not + 动词不定式。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

    一、 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。 e.g. I want to tell you a story. They begin to work at eight every morning. Don’t forget to lock the door. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?

二、 作宾语补足语。 e.g. The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. Please let me help you.  动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。

但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式： 1.不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to do sth.   e.g. The teacher told us to come earlier.   I want you to go now. Her parents wish her to be a teacher.

    2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：  let / make / have + sb. +do sth. e.g. Let the girl leave here now. The boy made the baby cry.  see / watch / hear / notice / feel +sb.+do sth. e.g. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.   I often hear the girl sing in the next room.   3.可省可不省的: help sb. （to）do sth. e.g. I often help my mother (to) do housework.

三. 作状语: （1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。 e.g. He stopped to have a rest. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. （2）作结果状语。 e.g. He woke up only to find everybody gone. His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. He is old enough to go to school.

（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形 容词后作原因状语。 e.g. I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions... I’m happy to have found many things I can do.

动词不定式的否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加 not. e.g. Tell them not to play football in the street.  （2）省略to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在 动词前面加not. e.g. Let the boy not go.

4a. Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box. put up hand out call up cheer up come up with give out put off 1. I want to_______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to__________ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs. put off call up

3. Our class is trying to____________ some ideas to_________ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _________signs around the school and_________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will_________ the money from the sale to homeless people. come up with cheer up put up hand out give out

4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. help move do make visit spend Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do__________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering to make to do to help

our time to help these people is a good way __________ our free time our time to help these people is a good way __________ our free time. For example, we can make plans_________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there. to spend to visit to move

4c. Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. I’d like to volunteer____________________ ________________ 2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend________ ____________________________________. 3. I’m very busy but I could help__________ ____________________________________ 4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___ _____________________________________ 5. I want to travel alone, but my parents told me (not)_____________________________. at the food bank to help the poor. to play basketball at the playground. to look after my little sister. to go to the beach with my friends. not to do it alone.

Exercises

Fill in the blanks. to help 1) I’d like ______ homeless people. 2) She decided _________ for a volunteer after-school reading program. 3) You could ask hospitals ____ you visit the kids and cheer them up. 4) Mario believes it can help him _____ his future dream job. 5) She volunteers there once a week ______ kids learn _______. 6) I’m making some signs ________ around the school. to try out to let to get to help to read to put up

根据提示完成下列句子。 I want _________ (become) a policeman one day. 2. He wants the students _____ (eat) well. 3. The teacher made his students _____ 　 　　 (come) into the meeting room on time. 4. The boy was free _____ (go) where he liked. 5. Nobody tells him what _____ (do) next. to become to eat come to go to do

根据汉语提示补全句子。 1. 你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？ Would you like ___ ____ ____ ___ the city parks? 2. 莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？ Could you please help me ___ ____ the dishes, Lily? 3. 简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。 Jane didn’t _____ ___ ____ a good way ___ _____ ____ this math problem. to help clean up to wash come up with to work out

4. 他们正计划去拉萨旅行。 They’re ________ __ ____ a trip to Lhasa. 5. 我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖 国做重大的贡献。 We should study hard __ ______ a major commitment for our country in the future. planning to take to make

根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 We must find a person ____________ (做这项工作) 2. In my family, my mother is always the first one _______ (起床). 3. Do you have ____________________ (什么问题要问)？ 4. Please tell me ___________________ (怎样念这个词). to do the work to get up any questions to ask how to say this word

5. I haven’t decided _________________ (买哪一件衬衫). 6. The question is ______________ (走哪一条路). 7. She didn’t know __________ (说什么)？ 8. I __________________ (看见他上楼) a moment ago. which shirt to buy which way to go what to say saw him go upstairs

单项选择 I always tell my students ____ on the road because it’s really dangerous. A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play 2. -- I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? -- I haven’t decided where ____. A. go B. went C. going D. to go

3. -- I didn’t hear you come in just now. -- That’s good. We tried ___ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making 4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates ____ dancing with her. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice

Homework Review the grammar points we learn today. Find more exercise to practice.

Thank You!