UNIT 3 BACK TO THE PAST

Subject-verb agreement 主谓一致 1. 当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用单数形式： 主语是单数名词或不可数名词时 The food they served ______ delicious. 主语是表示度量的词组、标题或名字时 Little Woman______ a great novel. Sixty minutes ______ is an hour. 动名词、动词不定式或从句充当主语时 That he is absent________ all his family. Skating in winter _______ great fun. 特殊1：more than one + 单数名词（不止一个……）”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数 More than one person_______ involved in this case. is is is worries is is is

is are are are 2. 当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用复数形式： 主语是复数名词时 Both the girls ____ interested in music. Large quantities of water ____________ polluted. 特殊2： 主语为a large quantity（amount) of +名词，quantities (amounts) of+名词时，谓语动词根据主语中心词quantity或amount 的数决定。 主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组时 Louise and Linda _____ twin sisters. The scientist and inventor _____ in our town now. 特殊3：the scientist and inventor 是指同一个人，同一个概念,因此要用单数形式谓语。 用连接的并列主语被each，every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。 Every flower and every tree in the garden is very beautiful. are are are is

All of us______ attended the lecture about Pompeii. 3. 当主语是all of / most of / some of / half of / a part of + 名词/代词时，谓语动词的单、复数形式与该名词保持一致。 All of us______ attended the lecture about Pompeii. Most of lecture _____ about how the ancient city was discovered. have was

但应注意： One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上还有一个半香蕉。

Our team ____ very important to me. 4. 当主语是band, crowd, class, dozen, family, public 和team 等集合名词时，如果表达整体概念，谓语动词用单数，如果强调集合里的个体，谓语动词用复数。 Our team ____ very important to me. Our team ______ now making their way to Xinjiang. The cattle_______ eating grass near the river. 特殊4： 集合名词 people, police, cattle 作主语时，谓语动词无论什么时候都应当使用复数形式。 is are are

Every means ____ been tried. 5.有些名词以复数形式出现，但并不一定表示复数概念，如：news, mathematics, physics, means，作主语时谓语动词的数要根据句意来确定。 The last news _____ that the Loulan Beauty is on exhibition in Shanghai. Every means ____ been tried. is has

以下这些词做主语时谓语动词用复数形式

Either the team leader or the guides _____looking after the students. 6. 当用either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also… 和not …but…连接句子主语时，采取 “就近原则”。（there be 句型也是就近原则） Either the team leader or the guides _____looking after the students. Not only the guides but also the team leader ____ looking after the students. There ______ two pencils and a knife in my pencil box. are is are

特殊用法的总结 Singular or Plural? singular Singular Plural Singular Plural 特殊1：more than one + 单数名词 many a +单数名词 特殊2： a large quantity（amount) of +名词 quantities (amounts) of+名词 特殊3：and 连接的两个主语指同一人/事物/概念 every + n. and every +n. 特殊4：集合名词police, people, cattle singular Singular Plural Singular Plural

特殊5： “the +形容词/过去分词” 表示一类人， 谓语动词用复数。 The weak, like the strong, _____ many friends in the world. The injured ______ been sent to the nearest hospital. 特殊6：当多个主语被as well as, along with, together with, except, other than, rather than, in addition to, like， but等连接时，采用“就远原则”。 You, rather than him, ______ to blame. have have are

Exercise Fill in the blanks with the right form of the give verbs. ______ (have) your classmates finished their homework? (2) My friend and I _____ (want) to play outside after watching TV. (3) Most of the students _____ (prefer) English to Mathematics. (4) ______(have) all of the cake been eaten up? (5) Collecting stamps _____ (be) one of his favorite pastimes. Have want prefer Has is

(6) _____ (be) your family a big one? (7) All my family _____ (get) up early in the morning. (8) Neither his father nor his mother ______ (play) the piano. (9) The remains of the old castle _____ (be) destroyed in World War Two. (10) Not only Jim but also his Parents _____ (be) going to see you next Sunday. Is get plays were are

2. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. Multiple choice: About eighty percent of the students in his class ______ below sixteen. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. 3. A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed. A. are B. is C. has D. have B A B

4. How and why he ______ come to Princeton, New Jersey ______ a story of struggle, success and sadness. A. had…was B. had… are C. had… has D. had… have 5. Nobody but Jane and Mary ______ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known B

either… or and neither… nor 请看对话： --- I have got one ticket for Liu Xiang’s 110m hurdle race to be held in Nanjing. Either you or your desk-mate can have it. --- Is it on Saturday or on Sunday? --- It is on next Monday. --- Oh, what a pity. I am afraid neither I nor my desk-mate can enjoy it.

(1) either … or… can be used to express the idea of alternatives. You can choose either A or B, which means you have two choices, i. e, you can choose any one of the two. (2) neither … nor… can be used to join two negative ideas together. Neither A nor B is proper in question one, which means A is not proper, and B is not proper either.

--- Which language can I use to write the speech? ( in English / in Chinese ) --- You can write the speech either in English or in Chinese. --- Whose fault is it? (not yours / not mine) --- It is neither your fault nor mine. It’s your friend Jack’s fault.

More examples (1) Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. (2) --- Do you like reading books or watching TV? --- Either will do. (3) Neither John nor Tom knows how to go skiing. (4) I tried two dresses, but neither fits me.

Homework 1. Finish the exercise in the workbook. 2. Preview the task.