高三英语总复习 语法部分：（一） 名 词

Unit 1 名 词 (Nouns) 个体名词: teacher, book 可数名词 普通名词 集体名词： 物质名词： family, team 物质名词： water, air 不可数名词 名词 抽象名词： happiness Tom, China 专有名词 the United Nations

考点一、可数名词

1). + -s books, desks, boys 2). -s,-x,-ch , -sh , +-es bus→buses,watch→watches,box→boxes, brush→brushes but:stomach→stomachs, table-cloth→table-cloths.

3). -o + -s/-es a) radios, zoos, bamboos, photos, pianos, kilos , tobaccos b) tomatoes, heroes, potatoes, 4). 辅音字母+y →-ies lady→ladies,factory→factories, country→countries but: toy→ toys, Henry→ Henrys 5). –f/-fe→-ves life→lives,leaf→leaves,wife→wives, knife→knives

but:belief→beliefs,chief→chiefs, gulf→gulfs,cliff→cliffs， roof→roofs,proof→proofs, safe→safes 6). 不规则变化 a). man →men, woman→women, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice, b). goose→geese, ox→oxen, phenomenon→phenomena c). sheep, deer, means, fish, aircraft, works, species, yuan, jiao, d). goods, glasses, compasses, clothes, trousers e). Chinese, Japanese, Swiss

7). 复合名词的复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law, looker-on→lookers-on, passer-by→passers-by, go-between→go-betweens, grow-up→grow-ups man teacher→men teachers boy student→boy students, a sports car, a tomato field

8). 有些单词常以复数形式出现在句子中 Congratulations a). _________on your success. b). Send my________ to your family. c). Many happy________ of the day. d).The instructions are on the bottle. e). With best________. f). Many ______to you for helping me. g). It is good______ to do sth. h). He is in high_______. regards returns wishes thanks manners spirits

考点二、不可数名词

The storm has caused much damage to the region. advice , furniture , clothing , fun, rubbish ,information , paper（纸），sugar, work(工作），fruit , harm, news, progress, traffic, trouble, weather, water, rice, snow, knowledge, honesty, homework, housework, luggage/ baggage(行李），wealth… 1.暴风雨对那个地区造成了很大的破坏。 The storm has caused much damage to the region. 2. 在过去的几年里，他的英语取得了很大的进步。 In the past few years, he has made rapid progress in English.

考点三、名词数的转化

win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) 1) win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事) Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者 by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历 with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事 youth青春 a youth一个青年人

2)抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如： A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me? My life in England is an unforgettable experience. It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.

3)有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如： The boy burst into tears at the bad news. The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops. The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains. paper纸→papers报纸\文件; light光→lights灯; time时间→times时代; work工作→works著作 forces(军队),/ arms (武器）， brains(智力), glasses(眼镜), goods(货物), regards(问候), sands(沙漠), spirits(精力), waters(急流), woods(树林), customs(海关), manners(礼貌)

考点四、名词所有格

1、表示有生命的东西的名词,所有格一般在名词后加’s, 其构成如下: 1). my brother’s bag 2). the workers’ club 3).Engels’ / Engels’s works 4). her son-in-law’s photo 5).Jane and Mary’s room Jane ’s and Tom’s trousers 6).at Mr. Green’s, to my uncle’s at the barber’s

2. 表示无生命的东西的名词,通常采用 of + 名词的结构来表示所属关系. the gate of the school, the window of the room 3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加 ’s来构成所有格。 today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walk China’s industry the station’s waiting room

4. 双重所有格 a photo of my brother’s a photo of my brother a few friends of Tom’s that car of Liming’s

考点五、名词的搭配用法

1. make friends with 2. shake hands with 3.have words with 4. have a word with 5. put … into practice / use 6. take steps 7. take action 8. take measures 9. make a bed ( change / decision / difference/ face / trip / discovery ) 10. make tea / coffee / progress

强化训练 7. time, products , times 一、用说给单词的适当形式填空 8.Dicken’s Luxun’s 9. butcher’s meat 10. sister’s father’s 11. minutes’ 12. cold, hunger, deaths 13.actions words 14. sheep grass leaves 15. pleasure a pleasure 一、用说给单词的适当形式填空 １．Wealth , works, writers 2.traffic 3. helpful advice 4.heroes 5. thieves , knives , safes, 6. feet, Germans Frenchmen