被 动 语 态 Passive Voice

Read the following sentences, paying attention to the colored parts. 1) Bamboo is so strong that it is often used to build houses and bridges. 2) Some are put into cans and shipped to all corners of the world. 3) It can be fitted together and used as pipes to carry water brought from a river or lake.

4) The traffic accident was talked for many years. 5) All of us will be asked to attend the lecture. 6) A bamboo park is being built near the factory. 7) The road to the school has been widened. 8) Had he been sent to work in Beijing when you got there?

Summary: 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。

被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be+ given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given

现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 过去将来时： should / would +be+ given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + given ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.

3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.

6. 过去进行时： — Why didn't they drive there on time? — Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.

7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.

8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader.

9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class.

He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.

主动表被动 1.有些动词当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The book reads easily.

The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。

2. 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound等。 — Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft.

3.sth.+be+adj.+vt. English is difficult to master. 英语很难被掌握。 The room is very comfortable to live in. 房子住起来很舒服。

4.want/need/require+doing The watch needs repairing. =The watch needs to be repaired. The coat required mending. =The coat required to be mended.

5.be worth doing be worth doing =be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done The film is worth seeing. = The film is worthy of being seen. = The film is worthy to be seen.

不用被动语态： 1.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, last等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. The war lasted for eight years.

2.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：The sun had already been risen. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.

在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说…… It is said that … 据报导…… It is reported that … 据推测…… It is supposed that … 大家希望…… It is hoped that … 众所周知…… It is well known that … 大家认为…… It is thought that….

普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … 有人建议…… It is suggested that … 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.

在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。

一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组： catch a cold 感冒 eat one’s words 食言 lose heart 丧失信心 lose patience失去耐心 make a face   做鬼脸 make up one’s mind  下决心 make bed   铺床 make room for 为……腾出地方 keep watch 守望 keep silence 保持安静        speak one's mind  表明见解 take place  发生 take one’s time 从容不 迫，别着急 take office  就职 take one’s leave   请假 take notes    作笔记         take up arms  拿起武 take one's place  就位   

Practice and homework 1. Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice. 1) The government pays for our education. Our education is paid for by the government.

2) John gave me a book as my brithday present. A book was given to me by John as my birthday present. I was given a book by John as my birthday present.

3) The teacher made the students stay after school. The students were made to stay after school by the teacher. 4) The two boys are repairing the desk. The desk is being repaired by the two boys.

5) Everyone can enjoy this type of music. This type of music can be enjoyed be everyone. 6) The students have invited us to a dance. We have been invited to a dance by the students.

7) They will put off their wedding till the next week Their wedding will be put off till the next week. 8) People always look down upon liars. Liars are always looked down upon.

2. Complete the following short passage with the proper form of each word in the brackets. The first Harry Potter novel _____________ (publish) in 1997, selling over 250 million copies worldwide. The Harry Potter books ________ (sell) in more than 200 countries and ________ _________ (translate) into 60 was published was sold have been translated

different languages from Hindi to Ancient Greek different languages from Hindi to Ancient Greek. The novels ____ also ____________(adapt) successfully for the screen. The most recent film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban _______ (say) to have broken the records in the UK, taking £11.5 million in its first three days on release (上映)。 have been adapted was said

3. Complete each of the following sentences with the help of the table, using the word SPEAK in its proper form. Languages Numbers of Speakers (in millions) Mandarin (Putonghua) 920 Arabic 220

English 337 Italian 70-125 French 220 Spanish 332 Japanese 100 German

1) Mandarin ________ by about 920 million people which takes roughly 15% of the world population. 2) About 220 million people ______ Arabic round the world. 3) More than 337 million people worldwide _____ English as their first language. is spoken speak speak

4) Italian ________________________________. 5) ________________________________ ___________ French. 6) It is believed that __________________________________. 7) ______________________________ __________. is spoken by at least 70 million people About 220 million people around the world speak Spanish is spoken by 332 million people Nearly 100 million people speak Japanese

8) Like Japanese, German ______________________________________________. is spoken by 100 million people all over the world

高考链接： 1.（09北京，27）The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。

2．（2009福建，22） ---Why does the Lake smell terrible 2．（2009福建，22） ---Why does the Lake smell terrible? ---Because large quantities of water _____. A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted

【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数。

3. (2008全国I) The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _______ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 【解析】句意为：明天将会持续潮湿的天气，届时冷锋将会来临。在when引导的时间状语从句中常用一般时表将来时。expect与a cold front之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。

I feel greatly honored _______ into their society. 4. (2008北京) I feel greatly honored _______ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 【解析】根据句意可知，能受到他们社团的欢迎，我感到非常荣幸。表示“受到……的欢迎”应用不定式的被动语态形式。