名词 Producer Tianyucui

一.名词的数 1. 不可数名词 health weather work advice wood glass English America water sugar progress rice traffic trouble fun knowledge snow paper information ice homework dusts honesty furniture luck cloth behaviour coffee fruit butter baggage friendship peace happiness steel

advice bread furniture news a piece of furniture information land work paper wood an article of clothing/furniture a bar of chocolate/soap a cake of soap ink/milk/wine a bottle of cattle/sheep five head of

2. 可数名词 book_ books tree_ trees day_ days house_ houses face_ faces student_ students 1).一般情况下,在名词后加_s glass_ glasses brush_ brushes bus_ buses box_ boxes church_ churches watch_ watches 2).以_s, _x, _ ch, _ sh 结尾的名词加 _es Germanys boy_ boys Henry_ Henrys Germany_ 3). 以“元音+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词,直接在后面加_s

5). 以“辅音+o”结尾的名词,一般加_es, 但也有一些例外 story_ stories factory_ factories army_ armies 4).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 i, 再加_es tomato_ tomatoes hero_ heroes zero_ zeroes bamboo_ bamboos zoo_ zoos * piano_ pianos photo_ photos 5). 以“辅音+o”结尾的名词,一般加_es, 但也有一些例外 leaf_ leaves life_ lives shelf_ shelves knife_ knives * safe_ safes proof_ proofs roof_ roofs gulf_ gulfs chief_ chiefs serf_ serfs

不规则名词变复数形式 foot_ feet man_ men tooth_ teeth woman_ women mouse_ mice 1)通过内部元音变化构成的复数 ox_ oxen child_ children 2) 以加词尾 _en 构成的复数 sheep_ sheep deer_ deer fish_ fish Chinese_ Chinese 3)单数和复数为同一形式,还有: means, works, species,以及表示度量衡，币制等单位的名词如： yuan,jin,mu, jiao, fen, 等

4).Germans, Americans, Africans, Asians , Australians, Italians ,Canadians, Europeans, Greeks, Hungarians, Swedes, Arabs passer_by__ passers_by looker_on__ lookers_on grown_ups son_in_law__ sons_in_law grown_up__ man_doctor__ men_doctors woman_teacher__ women _teachers 5)注意复合词的变化 clothes trousers goods compasses scissors arms contents glasses thanks ashes remains manners 6)以上只有复数形式

glass__glasses time__times arm__arms work__works paper__papers manner__manners regard__regards mean__means spirit__spirits sand__sands good__goods green__greens look_looks custom__customs drink_drinks ７）．以上单，复数意思不一样 foods, fishes, fruits, grasses , silks, teas 8).以上指各种不同种类的东西． on foot by mistake by hand/machine in a word leave word in other words have words with sb. have a word with sb. word for/by word

二．名词的格 １’s 所有格的构成 这女孩的房间 the girl’s room 一个农民的家庭 a peasant’s family 那个工人的工具 the worker’s tools 教师阅览室 The teachers’ reading_room 学生用书 the students’ books 女子学校 a girls’ school James’ eyes 詹姆斯的眼睛 Engels’praise 恩格斯的赞扬

妇女的衣服 the women’s clothes 孩子们的房间 the children’s room 我岳父的房子 my father_in _law’s house 某个别人的书 somebody else’s book 汤姆和杰克的爸爸 Tom and Jack’s father 汤姆和杰克各自的爸爸 Tom’s and Jack’s fathers at the tailor’s 在诊所 at the doctor’s 在缝纫店 到我叔叔家 to my uncle’s 在理发店 at the barber’s at Mr Green’s 在格林先生的家 1). 表示有生命的名词一般在词尾加“’s”

coffee cups a tooth brush room number book store word order student life ２）．以上表类别，既仅表示一种类别或类型，不用所有格形式 China’s industry the station’s waiting-room today’s newspaper tomorrow’s Beijing ten minutes’ walk one pound’s weight 3).表示时间，距离，重量，地方．国家，城市，团体，机构等无生命的名词也可以用“’s”来构成所有格形式．

２．Of 所构成的所有格 the cover of the book 书的封面 the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 房间的门 the door of the room 4) of 所有格主要用于表示无生命的名词表示所有关系． one leg of the dog the death of Mr. Smith the arrival of the chairman the laws of Newton 5).表示有生命的名词，也可以用of 所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系或事物的来源

３．双重所有格 他是我弟弟的一个朋友． He is a friend of my brother’s 我打算和我的一位朋友住在一起 I’m staying with a friend of mine. 我借了你的一条项链． I borrowed a necklace of yours 这是我爸爸的一本书 　This is a book of my father’s. 我弟弟的几位朋友已经到了． Some friends of my brother’s have arrived

　三．名词的用法 1.Mother isn’t at home. 主语 Her father has been in the army for 30 years 2. Have you seen the film? 宾语 His mother works in the post_office. 3. We consider him a clever boy. 宾补 We found him a very honest person. 4.They became close friends. 表语 They are both teachers 5.The small desks and chairs are for us students. We students should study hard 同位语 6. Tom has lost his gold watch. 定语

Exercises