语法专项---名词

考点探究: 对于名词的考查内容主要集中在: 可数名词及其单复数; 不可数名词-物质名词/抽象名词 专有名词; 名词所有格

可数名词的用法: a.可数名词有单、复数变化。 单数名词前加a, an, the等冠词， 复数名词加-s或-es,而变化过 的名词前不加冠词。例如： This is the book you lent me yesterday. Books are our friends.

名词的单数形式 an honest boy 一般可用a来修饰 a car a book 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an a an elephant an honest boy 请区别：a useful machine

名词的复数形式 1.复数形式的构成方法—规则变化 (1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/ dog – dogs book – books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加 “es”/iz/ box – boxes watch – watches

country – countries factory – factories boy – boys monkey – monkeys (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/ 如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” country – countries factory – factories boy – boys monkey – monkeys

radio – radios zoo – zoos potato–potatoes tomato–tomatoes (4)以o结尾的名词部分加“s” /z/； 有生命的加es (5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ radio – radios zoo – zoos potato–potatoes tomato–tomatoes mango-mangoes hero-heroes half – halves shelf – shelves knife – knives leaf – leaves

2.特殊变化的单词 (1)单复数同形 Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese (2)变元音字母oo为ee sheep — sheep deer—deer fish—fish goldfish—goldfish (2)变元音字母oo为ee tooth – teeth foot – feet

请区别：German(德国人) – Germans 4. 其它形式 child – children mouse – mice 3.变man为 men man – men woman – women policeman – policemen Frenchman – Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人) – Germans 4. 其它形式 child – children mouse – mice l

a man doctor – men doctors a woman teacher – women teachers 5.一些复合名词的复数构成分两种情况 (1)将中心词变为复数 a banana tree—some banana trees a boy student—three boy students (2) man, woman 构成的复合名词，每 个名词都要变成复数 a man doctor – men doctors a woman teacher – women teachers

The police caught the thief at last. 7. 既用作可数又用作不可数的名词 exercise work 6.常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes police trousers glasses goods 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 My clothes are newer than yours. The police caught the thief at last. 7. 既用作可数又用作不可数的名词 exercise work

any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数 There are a few people in the park. 8.可用how many，many，a few，few， any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修饰可数 名词复数 There are a few people in the park. How many knives are there in your pencil-box?

Let's change.

potato potatoes knives knife mouse mice sheep sheep watch watches

woman women knife knives leaves leaf Japanese Japanese tomato tomatoes

deer deer people people man men tooth teeth child children

goose geese goats goat foot feet Americans American child children

不可数名词 water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特别记住： work chalk time space music 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特别记住： work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine

不可数名词的用法 1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数 Some bread is over there. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 Some bread is over there. No news is good news. They had much money. He does little housework at home.

不可数名词的用法 There is a piece of paper in the book. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数 注意： 可数名词也可用量来表示， of 后用复数 There are two bags of clothes over there. We have five boxes of apples. There is a piece of paper in the book. Three glasses of orange are on the desk.

(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸) – a paper(报纸) 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸) – a paper(报纸) work(工作) – a work(著作) room(空间) – a room(房间)

hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发) time(时间) – times(时代) (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼) hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发) time(时间) – times(时代)

名词的一般用法 名词做定语 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词 保持数的一致 We need a man teacher. They are all women workers.

a sports field a clothes shop 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 a sports field a clothes shop 4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单 位名词用“-”连接。 He is an eleven-year-old boy. He is eleven years old. This is a two-hour plan

名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。 Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. Class 150 is a good class. Class 150 are listening to lesson carefully. 她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。 There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜.

名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“ …的” 1. 人名/称谓 + ’s + (名词) 多用于表示有生命的东西 单数名词后加“’ s” , Tom ’ s book my friend’ s uncle; 以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 Teachers ’ Day two weeks ’ holiday 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” Children’ s Day men’ s shoes 用于表示时间距离等， New Year’s Day; five minutes’ walk (a five-minute walk)

2. 名词 + of +名词 用于表示无生命名词的所有关系 the color of the wall a picture of the classroom 时间距离和重量 货币单位及太阳 习语城镇国家名 船只地球和月亮

my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家） 名词所有格的几个注意点 1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家） go to the teachers’ ( office） (去老师办公室） 2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式 the cat’s name / the name of the cat China’s capital/ the capital of China

名词所有格的几个注意点 请区别: 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s” Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间） 请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间（两人各有一间房间）

a friend of my father’s（不止一个朋友） 双重所有格 ※a +名词+of + ’s所有格 a friend of my father’s（不止一个朋友） a friend of my father(只有一个朋友） ※a +名词+of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine

专有名词的用法 a.表示一个人、物、地的专有名词， 须以大写的字母开头。例如： b.专有名词前一般不加冠词，也无复数。 Ann, Lucy, Tom, Mike, John, Alice Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Washington D.C. Christmas, New York’s Day, May Day March, April, June, July, October b.专有名词前一般不加冠词，也无复数。 English is spoken in England. John lives on Lincoln Street. Tuesday comes after Monday.

c.海洋、河流、山脉、岛屿等专有 名词前加the。 d. the + 姓：……一家人。 the Pacific (Ocean), the Yellow River, the Taishan Mountains d. the + 姓：……一家人。 The Zhangs are such good neighbours. The Browns went to the south for the winter vacation.

指点迷津 Ten years __ (is ,are) short time for me. A pair of shoes __ (is, are) under the bed. The number of the students in our school __ (is ,are) 2,000. The woman with two children __ ( is, are) coming here. Neither he nor I ___ (are, am ) an American. is is is is am

is women teachers is people has 6. Maths __ (are, is ) hard to learn for the boy. 7. They are all ______________ ( woman, teachers; women teachers). The population of China __ (are, is ) over 1,300,000,000. 9. There are many ______ (peoples, people )in the street in summer. 10. One of the students ____ (have, has) gone to Shanghai. is women teachers is people has

典型例题解析 The Browns is going to visit China. ( ) The Browns are going to visit China. ( ) The young is dancing there. ( ) The young are dancing there. ( ) Physics are very difficult to learn. ( ) Ⅹ √ Ⅹ √ Ⅹ

Physics is very difficult to learn. ( ) We have five Germen in this meeting. ( ) We have five Germans in this meeting. ( ) This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( ) This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ) √ Ⅹ √ Ⅹ √

NOUN. 根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _____. (idea) 2. I often go to work on ____. (foot) 3. I know one of the____. (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of______. (glass) 5. Please give them their ______. (photo) ideas foot boys glasses photos

6. Are there any _______ in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve ______ in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ________? (tomato) 9. Look at those _____ in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The ______are singing. (woman) watches months tomatoes people women

11. September 10th is ________Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some ______ . (knife) 13. How much are these ________ ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty________ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_______. (Lucy) Teachers’ knives vegetables minutes’ Lucy’s

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