Transitional Words Transitional words and phrases provide the glue that holds ideas together in writing. They provide coherence (that hanging together, making sense as a whole) by helping the reader to understand the relationship between ideas, and they act as signposts that help the reader follow the movement of the discussion. 过渡词语 conjunctions 连接词语connective words 逻辑词语logic expression 指示语discourse marker 连贯

Contents Addition Exemplify Emphasis Comparison Concession Generalize Contrast Conclusion Restatement 增补 比较 对照 对比 原因结果 因果 例证 让步 总结 概括 时间 空间 顺序 强调 概述 重述 重复说明 转移话题 现代大学英语 阅读1 分册 Contemporary College English 杨立民 外语教学与研究出版社 创思英语：http://www.tronest.cn 英语阅读课件 英语专业泛读课件 Cause/Effect Sequence Diversion

Addition in addition (to), furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what's more, similarly, next, finally, as well as, besides, likewise, aside from, apart from, Exception 排他 排除在外 except from excepting except that 除了汽车之外, 这家工厂还生产自行车。 Eg. Aside from motorcars, the factory turns out bicycles.

Comparison in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, identically, in comparison, just as, comparatively, correspondingly, 比较 similarity 我的鞋子比我妹妹的要小。 Eg. My shoes are small in comparison with my sister's.

Contrast whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while, … 对比 differences 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。 Eg. Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.

Cause / Effect because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus, therefore, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, otherwise, so then, subsequently, 包括推理inference 有人叫他离开该城市,所以他就走了。 Eg. He was asked to leave the city and accordingly he went.

Exemplification for example, for instance, such as, in this case, by way of illustration, including, like, as an illustration, as an example, …. 例证 例子 我将举例说明兔子的行为。 Eg. By way of illustration I'll refer to the behavior of rabbits.

Concession although, though, in spite of, yet, after all, nevertheless, still, despite, regardless of, while it is true.... 让步转折 尽管天气不好，我们的假期仍过得很愉快。 Eg. Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.

Summary / Conclusion Eg. to sum up, to summarize, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, in short, in brief, briefly, all in all, in any case, in any event, all things considered, on the whole, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, 结论 总结 概括 从各方面考虑一下，你的做法还是很明智的。 Eg. All things considered, you did very wisely.

Sequence afterward, after, first, later, then, next, soon, at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, meanwhile, in the meantime, while, earlier, simultaneously, with this in mind, … 时间顺序 空间顺序 先后顺序 首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。 Eg. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves.

Emphasis certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important, particularly, 强调重点 实际上，这是一个假货。 Eg. As a matter of fact, this is a fake.

Generalization as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually, normally 总说 概述 综述 总述 大体说来，她是个品行端正的孩子。 Eg. She is for the most part a well-behaved child.

Restatement in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, in short, in brief, to put it differently, namely, 只有一个学生通过了考试，就是彼得。 Eg. Reiteration reformulation 重申 Only one student passed the exam, namely Peter.

Diversion Eg. by the way, incidentally 我现在该走了。顺便提一句,如果你要那本书,我下次带来。 I must go now. Incidentally, if you want that book I'll bring it next time. 转移话题 顺便说一下 顺便插一句 顺便提及 Pick out the transitional expressions used in the texts 23. Secret of Aztec Idol and 24. The Scholarship Jacket.