新闻英语（journalistic English）指英文报刊上常见的各类文章，体裁多样，有新闻报道、新闻特写、广告、公报、文艺作品、述评、访谈、学术介绍和争鸣……题材广泛，内容包罗万象。限于篇幅，也因不存在一个统一的新闻报刊文体和为了便于陈述，本课所要讲的新闻英语主要指那些新闻性强的news report，news.

Presentation on theme: "新闻英语（journalistic English）指英文报刊上常见的各类文章，体裁多样，有新闻报道、新闻特写、广告、公报、文艺作品、述评、访谈、学术介绍和争鸣……题材广泛，内容包罗万象。限于篇幅，也因不存在一个统一的新闻报刊文体和为了便于陈述，本课所要讲的新闻英语主要指那些新闻性强的news report，news."— Presentation transcript:

1 新闻英语（journalistic English）指英文报刊上常见的各类文章，体裁多样，有新闻报道、新闻特写、广告、公报、文艺作品、述评、访谈、学术介绍和争鸣……题材广泛，内容包罗万象。限于篇幅，也因不存在一个统一的新闻报刊文体和为了便于陈述，本课所要讲的新闻英语主要指那些新闻性强的news report，news analysis, news features等。新闻英语有以下文体特点：

2 （一）词汇层面 新闻报道通常拥有自己的一些惯用词汇。
（一）词汇层面 新闻报道通常拥有自己的一些惯用词汇。 如story一词意思常常是news item或news report，而probe一词则指”（新闻）调查”，还有如cut表示reduction；bar表示prevent；curb表示restrain或control accord (give), ban (prohibition), bid (attempt), boost (rise, increase), clash (disagreement), deal (business agreement), freeze (stabilization), loom (appear), blaze (fire), comb (search), row (violent argument), rap (to speak severely to, to blame, to punish), move (plan, decision, suggestion), shock (astonishment, blow), shun (to keep away from…) heist (robbery), viable (workable), voice (express) operation (activities), pact (agreement), woo (to seek to win…，to persuade…), fake (counterfeit) 。 这些常用的新闻词语一般都具有短小精悍的特点，这主要是由于使用短小的词语能够节省时间和篇幅.

3 （2） 为了表达的需要和追求新奇以吸引读者，新闻英语中常会使用一些新词（包括旧词赋新义）和临时生造的词（nonce words），以使文章生动活泼，并给人以新奇之感。如gay (同性恋者)，basket (一组问题等)，unisex (男女共用)，hijack (劫持)，supercrat (高级官员)，dial in (电话示威)，moneywise (在金钱方面)，thumbsuck (安抚)，sitcom (情景喜剧)，Reaganomics (里根经济学)，Jazznik (爵士乐迷 )，Euromart (欧洲共同市场)，Masscult (大众文化)，atobomb (原子弹)，blacketeer (黑市商人)等。在这一点上，新闻英语与广告英语十分相似。

4 （3） 新闻英语还广泛借用社会各界的行业用语以及外来词语。如从商业用语中它吸收借用了a package deal (一揽子交易)，从赌博业中它借用了showdown （摊派），从体育中借用了knockout (击败)等。而外来词语有如：coup de theatre (非常事件，源自法语，)，swindler (骗子，源自德语)，Zen (禅宗，源自日语)，renegade (变节分子，源自西班牙语)，rapport(两国间的亲善关系，源自法语)，macho (伟男气概，源自西班牙语)等等。

5 （4） 新闻英语还大量使用新闻套语，如according to…(eyewitness, AP reports, sources concerned, etc.)（据目击者，美联社，有关方面等），informative sources or well-informed source（消息灵通人士），with guarded reserve（持审慎态度），no comments（无可奉告），on the brink of a breakthrough（即将取得进展），quoted as saying (cited as saying)（援引……的话说）, in response to allegation in The New York Times（就《纽约时报》的提法发表评论），Not so, not yet（不置可否），preferred not to be identified（不愿透露姓名的）等等。

6 为节省篇幅，新闻报道还常使用缩略词，如：ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)，PC (personal computer)，TMD（Theater Missile Defense），memo (memorandum)，AIDS (Acquired immure Deficiency Syndrome)，mod (modern), Lab (Labor), Lib (Liberal), nukes (nuclear weapons), heliport (helicopter airport), NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), memo (memorandum), SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) 等等

7 （二） 句法层面 为求得在较小的篇幅内容纳较多的信息量，新闻英语多采用扩展的简单句（expanded simple sentences），其方法是使用定语、状语、同位语、介词短语、分词短语等语言成分来扩展简单句。因此，英语报刊里经常出现一个句子就是一个段落的情况。而要把众多的信息包容到里面，在确保句式不过于复杂的前提下，作者只有大量使用或增加修饰限定词的数量。 Police in eastern China have detained 37 people implicated in a scandal involving the selling of poorly refrigerated and probably ineffective vaccines, state media reported Wednesday. The scandal came to light after police last month announced the detentions of a woman and daughter thought to have sold nearly $100 million worth of the suspect products nationwide since 2011.

8 The scandal re-enforces longstanding concerns among the public over the safety of food and medicine, with nine pharmaceutical wholesalers believed to have sold the vaccines being investigated. Chinese Premier Li Keqiang issued orders late Tuesday for government administrations to work together to conduct a thorough investigation. Along with prosecuting the criminals involved, government officials found guilty of negligence should be held to account, Li said, according to the official government website.

9 It said that vaccines need to be stored and managed properly or they can become less effective and that children risked not being protected from the disease against which they were supposed to have been vaccinated. With those words, President Barack Obama made history Tuesday morning as he spoke directly to the Cuban people, in a much anticipated televised address to the nation that marked the centerpiece of his three-day visit to Cuba. "I have come here to extend the hand of friendship to the Cuban people," Obama told the audience of over a thousand onlookers in the Grand Theater of Havana, as he sought to overturn years of isolation and difficult history, and pave a new road forward for relations between the United States and Cuba. "Our grandchildren will look back on this period of isolation as an aberration."

10 （2） 广泛使用直接引语间接引语。这既可增添新闻报道的真实性和生动性，又可显示其客观性。 （3）新闻英语多用主动语态，但为了叙事的客观和便利，有时也使用一些被动结构。 （4）正文较多地使用现在时，而标题所使用的时态则几乎都是现在时，这可对读者产生一种”某事正在发生”的印象，从而增强其真实感和现实感。例如：Longevity star dies at （5）标题中常使用省略句。像冠词、动词、介词等常在标题中省略，这既可节省版面，又可使新闻的风格显得简洁明快。如：House and Senate Pursuing Efforts to Reduce Deficit (The New York Times) = The House of Representatives and the Senate are pursuing the efforts to reduce the deficit

11 "I believe citizens should be free to speak their mind without fear — to organize, and to criticize their government, and to protest peacefully, and that the rule of law should not include arbitrary detentions of people who exercise those rights," he said. With under a year left in office, Obama used the address to highlight a number of his accomplishments as president, including health care reform and gay rights. With the upcoming presidential election and his own legacy on his mind, Obama praised the diversity of America's political system, telling the audience, "You had two Cuban-Americans in the Republican Party, running against the legacy of a black man who is president, while arguing that they're the best person to beat the Democratic nominee, who will either be a woman or a democratic socialist." While he praised the county's entrepreneurs and strongly asserted his faith in the Cuban people, and particularly young people, in their ability to bring about change in the country, there are plenty of obstacles left to overcome.

12 （三）语篇层面 在篇章结构上，英语新闻有其惯常使用的布局，即标题（headline），导语（lead），正文（body），结语（conclusion）。英语的标题通常十分简洁，几个关键词即可点明其报道内容的要旨。导语一般为新闻的第一句话，它通常提纲挈领地点明该条新闻的主要内容（即who，what, when, where, why or how）。正文部分则对整个事件作进一步的详细说明，在先后排列顺序上，一般是比较重要的内容在前，较次要的在后，即形成一种倒金字塔形的结构（the inverted pyramid form）。这样，读者如有时间则可以将全文读完，如无时间则只需浏览一下较靠前面的部分以迅速了解该新闻的要旨，同时编辑也可很方便地决定取舍。当然，由于报道的事件的性质各异，作者也有采用顺时叙述法(the chronological method)或其它方法的。在新闻的最后是结语部分，该部分通常对整个事件进一步发挥并做出结论。

13 总之，新闻英语语言大多简洁精炼，表意清晰易懂。因要照顾到文化水准较低读者的理解力和接受能力，故句子多不太复杂，词语多用短词和常用词，但表述则力求生动，当然一些作者为赶时间或因自身水平所限，有时也会用一些陈腐之词，但这绝非主流(新闻行业套语另当别论)。此外，因新闻报道崇尚客观真实，所以，作者常要避免个人感情和倾向性，更忌不切实际的夸张，语言应以平实为范

14 1.入门阶段要先了解新闻内容再去听 新闻都具有时效性，因此就相关的内容进行搜索以自己熟悉的语言先了解新闻内容，再拿听力材料进行练习。熟悉新闻英语的词汇、句法、篇章特点。 2.养成良好的听力习惯 a大家不要因为一个词或者一个句子没有听懂而中断后续的思路，如果这样的听力习惯会导致整个内容的混乱与丢失。b,听不懂的地方整个听完后再回去反复听，要弄明白没有听懂的原因，可能是某个单词不认识;某个专业术语意思理解偏差;某个语法不明白导致句子意思无法理解;或者语速加快导致的;又或者是自己的不专心。

15 3,尽快锁定大致内容 新闻的主旨往往在首句处，因此前边内容要认真听清楚，往往一句话概括出内容，后边都是细节介绍。所以要尽快地抓住文章主旨。主旨句往往含有内容关键词，比如bus explosion/US election race等等。当然也会有Now in sports(现在进入体育新闻)....../Turn to the Middle East(现在转向中东地区)......等简单的呈现方式。 新闻中往往会涉及过多的人名或地名，我们在平时练习时不用过多识记，在题目中也不会问及这些关于国家地点的问题。 4，既然来源是BBC以及VOA新闻，那么语速上必然较以前有所提升，听写+跟读，是适应语速最好的方式 。 5,练习，练习！熟能生巧