应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的一种文体，也是高考常考的一种文体之一。命题形式多为文字提示，写作形式有书信、电子邮件、日记、通知、报道、启事、演讲稿等。

一、应用文的写作特点 1．应用文由于使用广泛和频繁，因而在长期的实践中形 成了各自规范的格式，甚至开头和结尾都有一定的套语。在表达时，为了求稳，这些套话不可不用。 2．应用文要求把事情发生的时间、地点和事情的性质、 目的、原因等解释清楚，因此，在表达方式上，应用文又具有说明文的一些特点。 3．通常情况下，以第一人称来表达内容。

二、应用文的写作技巧 1．应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范，有其自身特定的语 言表达方式，考生在平时要积累不同文体常用的套话及 写作格式(如书信开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当，格式要 正确)。 2．应用文的目的在于传达基本信息，在写作时要突出特点。 3．应用文的语言重在实用，要求语言平实、准确、简洁，句 子不要过长，最好让读者一眼就明白文章要表达的内容。 4．不同的文体应采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时， 通知采用一般将来时等。

三、注意事项 不同的应用文的篇章结构也有所不同，在具体的写作中要多加注意。 1．开头(the beginning)：不同的应用文会有不同的开篇套话 来交代事由。 书信：I am glad to receive your letter.In your letter，you asked me about... Here is my idea.Many thanks for your last kind letter.In your letter...

通知：Ladies and gentlemen，may I have your attention please? I have something important to tell you. 日记：This afternoon，I went to... 求职信：I wish to apply for the position of...

2．主体(the main body)：用简单明了的语言将试题提示用 英语表达出来，包含全部的基本信息。表达顺序基本为时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等。 3．结尾(the ending)：用不同文体的套话来结束文章。 书信：I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Please give my regards to your family. 通知：That's all.Thank you very much. 日记：Though we were very tired，we felt very happy. 求职信：If you consider my application，please let me know. I am looking forward to hearing from you.Thanks a lot.

[例1] (2010·全国卷Ⅰ)假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest)，希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。

英语演讲比赛 主题：人与自然 时间：6月15日下午2∶00～5∶00 地点：501教室 参赛选手：10名学生 联系人：李华(电话44876655) 欢迎大家光临

注意：词数100左右。 ____________________________________________________

[范文选粹] Dear Ms Smith， I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union of Yucai Middle School，which is close to your university.I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.It will start at 2∶00 pm and last for about three hours.Ten students will deliver their speeches

on the given topic “Man and Nature”．We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. I am looking forward to your reply. With best wishes， Li Hua

[高分缘由] (1)文章开篇便使用了一复杂句式，chairman of the Students' Union of Yucai Middle School作Li Hua的同位语，which引导一非限制性定语从句修饰前面的Yucai Middle School。 (2)文章使用了较多的复杂结构。如to be held为不定式结构作 定语修饰speech contest，if it is convenient for you与if you have any questions为if引导的条件状语从句，We hope后面为that 引导的宾语从句。

书信写作是高考中出现频率最高的一种题型。从内容上看，近几年高考书信写作主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及其答复读者的信等。不论哪种形式，一般都有固定的写作模式，只要记住其特定的写作模板(句型)，并能在具体的写作中加以融会贯通，一定能让你的作文水平快速提高，从而在考场上写出档次较高的文章。下面介绍一下几种常考书信的模板，供大家写作时借鉴。

1．投诉信 (Date ________) Dear ________， My name is/I am ________. I am writing to you for ________. Firstly，________. Secondly，________. Thirdly，________. Therefore, I require that you send me a new one of the same model within a month.

To be honest/Honestly speaking，________ To be honest/Honestly speaking，________. Therefore, I do require (hope)________． Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely yours， Li Ming

2．建议信 (Date________) Dear ________， I am ________.Your collection of suggestion on ________ is ________. As is known，________. My suggestions are ________： First，________. (People can ________.) Second, (to make economic profits，)________． Third, ________. (As many of them ________.)

I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details (Or: Your kind consideration of my suggestions will be highly appreciated)． Good luck with your ________ (祝愿)． Yours sincerely， Li Ming

3．求职信 Dear sir or madam， I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in ________(报纸名称) of ________(广告发布时间)． I am ________ from ________.As a/an ________，I have been ________.Besides，I won ________ in ____________.If you consider me appropriate for the job, please call me at ________.

I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely， Li Ming

4．邀请信 Dear ________， How is everything with you? I am writing to tell you that there will be a ________(内容) at/in ________ (地点) on ________ (时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at ________ (具体时间). This will be followed by a ________ (进一步的安排)．At around ________ (时间)，________ (另一个安排)．

Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not, will you Ring me up and tell me whether you will come or not, will you? I really hope you can make it. My phone number is ________. Looking forward to ________. Yours sincerely， Li Ming

5．感谢信 Dear ________， I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for ______ (感谢的原因)． If it had not been for your assistance in ________ (对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ______ (没有对方帮助的后果)．

Everyone agrees that it was you who ________ (给出细节) Everyone agrees that it was you who ________ (给出细节). Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude. Yours sincerely， Li Ming

6．道歉信 Dear________， I am truly sorry that ________ (道歉的原因)． The reason is that ________ (介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Yours sincerely， Li Ming

此外，掌握以下句型也会使我们的书信写作如虎添翼： •I am very pleased to hear from you. •I am sorry I have taken so long to answer your last letter. •We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us. •Looking forward to hearing from you soon. •Please write back soon. •Do write to us when you have time. •We hope to hear from you soon. •Give my best wishes to the family.

[例2] (2010·辽宁高考)你校学生会需招聘一名留学生做英语学习顾问，请你以短文形式写一则招聘启事。 内容主要包括： ——母语是英语，汉语流利者优先 ——解答英语学习问题，协助组织英语活动 ——每周4小时，报酬面议 ——联系人：李华(Tel.13011223344)

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.启事标题和结尾已为你写好。

English Advisor Wanted ______________________________________________ Students' Union Yucai High School

English Advisor Wanted [范文选粹] English Advisor Wanted The Students' Union of our school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term.The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practice their oral English，answering their questions，and helping organize activities such as singing English songs，English evenings，or lectures on interesting topics.

The applicant should be a native speaker of English The applicant should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week. If you are interested，please call Li Hua at 13011223344 for an interview.Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview. Students' Union Yucai High School

[高分缘由] (1)文章中使用了较多的被动语态，如is preferred，is expected，will be discussed。 (2)文章使用了一复杂的长句子，即第一段第二句，连续 运用了两组并列，第一组为helping students to practice their oral English，answering their questions，and helping organize activities；第二组为singing English songs，English evenings，or lectures on interesting topics。

本文为招聘通知，属于书面通知。 通知一般分为书面通知和口头通知两种。书面通知通常指的是贴在布告栏里、写在黑板上或登在报纸上的通知，比较正式，一般采用第三人称的形式传达；口头通知通常是用来应付紧急事务的，因此要符合口语习惯，语言通俗易懂，方式灵活多样，一般采用第一人称传达，结尾要使用thank you等礼貌用语。下面介绍两种通知的模板，供大家写作时借鉴。

1．书面通知 NOTICE ①主办单位 will organize ________.②________.③This activity aims to ________. ④This activity is arranged to last ________ or so.⑤It is planned to begin on ________.⑥The team members will be arranged to ________.⑦Your main task is to ________. ⑧Anyone who ______ is welcomed warmly.⑨Those who interested can contact ________ for further information.⑩Looking forward to your active participation. 签发单位

标题 ①交代活动的主办单位和时间 ②概括描写活动内容 ③交代活动的主要目的 ④交代活动的持续时间 ⑤活动的具体时间 ⑥描述活动的具体活动 ⑦参加人员的主要任务 ⑧说明活动的参加条件 ⑨交代参加的联系方式 ⑩发出呼吁，诚邀参加

2．口头通知 Ladies and gentlemen， Your attention，please.I have something to tell you. ①________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. Please remember：Time：②________ Place：③________ Thank you for listening. 说明：①具体内容②时间③地点

[例3] (2010·四川高考)假定你校将举行一个成人仪式，你将作为代表在仪式上发言。请你按以下内容要点准备一篇英文发言稿。 1．过去对成年的向往； 2．现在的感受和认识； 3．将来的目标及措施。 参考词汇：责任：responsibility

注意：1.词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯； 3．发言稿的开头与结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。

Good morning，everyone! The topic of my speech today is“Thoughts on becoming a grown­up”．____________________________________ _________________________________________________ Thank you for listening.

[范文选粹] Good morning，everyone! The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown­up”． As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.Now I'm a grown­up，but I find things do not go as I expected.Although I can enjoy more freedom，at the same time I realized that being a grown­up not onlymeans

this，but also more responsibilities this，but also more responsibilities.I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful.To reach the goal，I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university. Thank you for listening.

[高分缘由] (1)文章使用了较多的复杂结构。如第三段第一句就有四 个从句，分别是hoped后面由that引导宾语从句，so that引导目的状语从句，两个whatever引导宾语从句。另外还有as I expected为状语从句，although引导让步状语从句等。

(2)文章运用了较多的非谓语动词。如being a grown­up作 主语，to do more作hope的宾语，to make my life more meaningful和to reach the goal作目的状语。 (3)文章运用了较多的短语和句式。如as soon as possible， at the same time，try one's best to do sth.以及not only...but also...结构。

演讲稿一般由开头语、正文和结束语三部分组成。开头语一般来说比较简单，其目的就是要吸引听众或读者的注意力，常见的表达方式有Your attention，please./Attention，please./May I have your attention，please？/It is my honor to speak here.等。正文是演讲稿的主体，主要是陈述论点和相关的论据等，论点要明确，论据要充分、有力。结束语是演讲稿是否成功的关键，常起到画龙点睛的作用。 同其他的应用文一样，熟记演讲稿的模板也是非常必要的。

Dear fellow ________. /Hello, everyone Dear fellow ________./Hello, everyone. It's nice to speak about ________. I think ________. The reason is that ________. In my opinion, the first thing we can do ________. The second thing we can do ________. As for my suggestion, I think ________. If everyone ________， I am sure ________. Thank you for listening.

第四周 周练1　见本书P138 与语法合练 周练2　见本书P222《特色题型与书面表达(应用文)》 与特色题型合练